This report summarizes energy trends in Ireland from 1990-2013. It finds that while the economy grew slightly in 2013, overall energy use fell by 1.2% and energy-related carbon emissions dropped by 3.4%, continuing a trend of decoupling economic growth from energy consumption. Electricity generation from natural gas and coal declined while renewables increased their share. Residential energy use decreased by 13% since 2006 despite a rising number of homes and greater average size. However, import dependency for energy rose to 89% and costs of imports increased to €6.7 billion. The report reviews progress toward renewable targets and provides data on electricity and fuel prices for businesses and households.

1. Energy in Ireland 2014 Report
Energy trends 1990 – 2013

2. Overview

3. Overview
• Revisions and changes to data
• General trends
• Progress towards renewable targets
• Electricity generation
• Sectoral trends
• Electricity and gas prices – key data
• Summary

4. Revisions & Changes

5. Revisions and changes to data
• Crude oil revised to be consistent with internationally
reported figures (2003, 2006 – 2012)
• Coal figures revised 2009 – 2012 on better supplier data
• Milled peat calorific value aligned with ETS
• Revisions to refinery gas based on improved data
• Density figures for gasoline aligned with international norms
• Non-energy products data updated to latest CSO trade data

6. Revisions and changes to data
• Solar figures revised on improved data sources
• Geothermal figures revised based on updated industry data

7. General Trends in 2013

8. Economy, Energy and related Emissions 2013

9. 2013 Energy Balance
+2.5%
+1.2%
-1.2% +1.1%
-8.9% -2.4%
+1.3%

10. Energy and the economy 2007 – 2013
• Economy -6.7%
• Energy use -18% (back at 1999 levels)
• Energy CO2 emissions -22% (back at 1997 levels)
• Transport energy use -25% (back at pre-2001 levels)
• Industry energy use -14% (back at 1999 levels)
– Industry’s economic output - 4.7%
• Energy use in buildings -17% (climate corrected)

11. Import Dependency

12. Progress towards renewable targets

13. Progress towards targets

14. Electricity generation

15. Electricity Generation Fuel Mix
Coal -16.4%
Peat -9.0%
Oil -22.2%
Gas -7.6%
Renewables +6.0%
Elec Imports +412.5%
-5.2%

16. Electricity CO2 Intensity

17. Gross Electricity Generation

18. Electricity Generation 2013
• Final consumption of electricity grew by 0.2% in 2013
• Primary fuel inputs fell by 5.2%
• Natural gas is the dominant energy input at 48% (but fell by 7.6%)
• Coal use fell by 16.4% following a 27% increase in 2012
– 22.1% of fuel mix and 17.2% of electricity generated
• Renewables input to electricity generation increased by 6%
– 12.7% of fuel mix and 20.1% of electricity generated
• CO2 intensity at the lowest level ever
– CO2 intensity 469 g CO2/kWh (down from 529 g in 2012)
– Efficiency of electricity supply 48.3% (45.6% in 2012)

19. Sectoral Trends

20. Sectoral Energy use change in 2013

21. Transport 1990 – 2013
2.5% increase in transport energy in 2013
2.4% increase if aviation is excluded
Petrol down 5.8%
Diesel up 6.4%
Biofuels up 20%
Kerosene up 3.4%

22. CO2 intensity of new cars
Average emissions for new cars in 2013 were
27% below levels prior to taxation change
In 2013, 31% of the fleet were purchased in
2008 or later
-27%

23. Shares of Cars by Emission Bands
A&B = 95%

24. Industry

25. Industry
+1.2%
Economic output from industry grew by 2.3% in 2013

26. Services

27. Services Sector
-1.3% Climate Corrected -2.4%

28. Services Energy Intensity

29. Residential

30. Residential Sector Energy Consumption
• No. of permanently occupied dwellings up 14% since 2006
• Residential energy fell by 13% since 2006 (climate corrected)
• Average household energy emissions down to 6 tonnes CO2
– 3.7 tonnes from direct fuel use
– 2.2 tonnes from upstream electricity emissions
• Average floor area increased by 50% since 1990
– Energy use per dwelling down by 32%

31. 30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
Energy Consumption per Household
-25-2%3%
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
kWh/Dwelling per annum
Total Electricity Fossil Fuel Energy Total (climate corrected) Fuel Use (climate corrected)

32. 500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Weather Effects – Heating Degree Days
min: 1871
max: 2634
average: 2085
2013: 2221
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Degree Days
Min Max Average 2013

33. Electricity and Gas Prices
Key Data

34. Global Oil Prices
-38%

35. UK National Balancing Point Gas Price (actual day p&c/kWh)
euro price -40%
over semester

36. Electricity Price to Business 1st Semester 2014
Price relative to Ranking Semester price change
Band Share c/kWh EU EA EU EA Ireland EU EA
IA 11.9% 18.4 96% 89% 10 9 -4.0% -1.3% -1.5%
IB 32.5% 15.8 106% 99% 7 7 -1.7% 3.9% 5.1%
IC 17.1% 13.4 108% 101% 5 5 -2.6% 4.1% 5.3%
ID 25.0% 11.6 107% 100% 7 5 -0.7% 1.9% 2.5%
IE 7.1% 10.1 107% 103% 8 5 -1.6% 0.0% -0.4%
IF 6.3% 9.2 108% 106% 7 5 -1.1% 1.3% 1.6%

37. Gas Price to Business 1st Semester 2014
Price relative to Ranking Semester price change
Band Share c/kWh EU EA EU EA Ireland EU EA
I1 11.3% 5.3 101% 97% 8 6 -6.7% -5.2% -5.7%
I2 18.9% 4.4 94% 90% 13 11 -10.5% -1.9% -1.6%
I3 21.1% 4.1 105% 102% 11 8 -12.9% -1.8% -2.2%
I4 30.7% 3.4 102% 100% 12 10 -6.7% -3.4% -3.7%
I5 18.0% - - - - - - -2.9% -3.2

38. Electricity Price to Households 1st Semester 2014
Price relative to Ranking Semester price change
Band Share c/kWh EU EA EU EA Ireland EU EA
DA 1.1% 64.8 206% 185% 1 1 1.0% 3.9% 4.3%
DB 9.1% 30.0 137% 130% 3 2 0.3% 1.8% 1.6%
DC 33.0% 24.1 118% 111% 4 3 0.1% 1.9% 2.1%
DD 48.5% 20.8 106% 98% 6 5 -1.3% 0.7% 1.1%
DE 8.3% 18.1 97% 89% 9 8 -0.1% 1.0% 1.6%

39. Gas Price to Households 1st Semester 2014
Price relative to Ranking Semester price change
Band Share c/kWh EU EA EU EA Ireland EU EA
D1 5.0% 7.6 79% 70% 16 11 -14.7% -7.0% -9.7%
D2 93.2% 6.8 102% 94% 9 7 -5.7% -5.8% -7.7%
D3 1.7% 6.4 104% 94% 8 6 -2.9% 0.0% -0.7%

40. Summary

41. Summary
• 2013 saw a further decoupling of energy consumption – and
related CO2 emissions – from economic activity (GDP)
– Economy grew by 0.2%
– Overall energy use fell by 1.2%
– Energy-related CO2 emissions fell by 3.4%
• However:
– Cost of imports increased to €6.7 billion
– Import dependency up to 89%

42. Progress towards targets

43. Policy Achievements

44. Thank you.
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The Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland is partly financed by
Ireland’s EU Structural Funds Programme co-funded by the Irish
Government and the European Union.