Germany is Europe’s biggest energy consumer. As a large and industrial country with moderate natural endowments, it sets an example of what can be done with a progressive energy policy. Germany leads the charge on renewables, has an ambitious energy efficiency policy, is committed to phasing out nuclear power generation and uses ETS revenues fully for the fight against climate change. However, the future of the German energy transition is rather uncertain. Are energy prices sustainable with the current high taxation rates? How to expand the high-voltage grid to integrate wind generation from the North? What will be the future role of coal and gas? In this discussion webinar, we will review the most important energy statistics for Germany, present a few highlights on its energy policy and conclude with a series of open discussion points.
Development of 2050’s national long-term energy plans for carbon neutrality t...IEA-ETSAP
Development of national long-term energy plans, for 2050’s carbon neutrality targets, using the DESSTINEE model.
Dr. Gabriel David Oreggioni, Imperial College London
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term ...IEA-ETSAP
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term analysis of the case of the South-Est region of France.
Mr. Carlos Andrade, Center for Applied Mathematics
Development of 2050’s national long-term energy plans for carbon neutrality t...IEA-ETSAP
Development of national long-term energy plans, for 2050’s carbon neutrality targets, using the DESSTINEE model.
Dr. Gabriel David Oreggioni, Imperial College London
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term ...IEA-ETSAP
Assess the transition to a circular economy for the energy system: Long-term analysis of the case of the South-Est region of France.
Mr. Carlos Andrade, Center for Applied Mathematics
Germany is Europe’s biggest energy consumer. As a large and industrial country with moderate natural endowments, it sets an example of what can be done with a progressive energy policy. Germany leads the charge on renewables, has an ambitious energy efficiency policy, is committed to phasing out nuclear power generation and uses ETS revenues fully for the fight against climate change. However, the future of the German energy transition is rather uncertain. Are energy prices sustainable with the current high taxation rates? How to expand the high-voltage grid to integrate wind generation from the North? What will be the future role of coal and gas? This webinar presentation reviews the most important energy statistics for Germany, focussed on a few highlights of its energy policy and concludes with a series of open discussion points.
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by...IEA-ETSAP
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by 2050: a new multi-scale, multi-criteria framework
Mr. Yacine Alimou, Mines ParisTech
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and ResultsIEA-ETSAP
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and Results
Diachuk O., Poodles R., Chepelev M., Institute for Economics and Forecasting of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine
Sustainable energy and climate mitigation pathways in the Republic of MauritiusIEA-ETSAP
nable strategies and low emission pathways in Small Island Developing States: a costoptimization approach for the integration of renewables in the Republic of Mauritius.
Ms. Anna Genave, Université de La Réunion
Carsten Rolle, Executive Director WEC Germany WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Auctions for Renewable Energy – Model based AnalysisLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are increasingly being applied as a mechanism to allocate support to renewable energy sources (RES). AURES (Auctions for Renewable Energy Support) is a H2020 European research project focused on auction designs for renewable energy support. The project addresses the important and urgent issue of improving current support policies for electricity from renewable energy sources through competitive market measures. The general objective of the project is to promote an effective use and efficient implementation of auctions for renewable energy support in the European Union Member States, especially regarding their cost-efficiency.
In this new webinar series, the AURES team will share research results and provide guidance to policy makers on the best options to organize renewables support under the new rules of the Clean Energy Package.
After the Fukushima accident, a national debate regarding French energy transition was launched. A policy goal of reducing nuclear electricity generation from 75% to 50% share of total generation was established. Since the year 2013, electricity consumption has stabilized in France, the share of renewable sources continues to grow and there is a high level of hydropower production. Thus, means of conventional thermal generation are rarely used. In addition, electricity generation and capacity continue to increase as the country remains a net energy exporter. This webinar analyses past, present and future of the country from an energetic point of view.
Germany is Europe’s biggest energy consumer. As a large and industrial country with moderate natural endowments, it sets an example of what can be done with a progressive energy policy. Germany leads the charge on renewables, has an ambitious energy efficiency policy, is committed to phasing out nuclear power generation and uses ETS revenues fully for the fight against climate change. However, the future of the German energy transition is rather uncertain. Are energy prices sustainable with the current high taxation rates? How to expand the high-voltage grid to integrate wind generation from the North? What will be the future role of coal and gas? This webinar presentation reviews the most important energy statistics for Germany, focussed on a few highlights of its energy policy and concludes with a series of open discussion points.
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by...IEA-ETSAP
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by 2050: a new multi-scale, multi-criteria framework
Mr. Yacine Alimou, Mines ParisTech
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and ResultsIEA-ETSAP
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and Results
Diachuk O., Poodles R., Chepelev M., Institute for Economics and Forecasting of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine
Sustainable energy and climate mitigation pathways in the Republic of MauritiusIEA-ETSAP
nable strategies and low emission pathways in Small Island Developing States: a costoptimization approach for the integration of renewables in the Republic of Mauritius.
Ms. Anna Genave, Université de La Réunion
Carsten Rolle, Executive Director WEC Germany WEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Auctions for Renewable Energy – Model based AnalysisLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are increasingly being applied as a mechanism to allocate support to renewable energy sources (RES). AURES (Auctions for Renewable Energy Support) is a H2020 European research project focused on auction designs for renewable energy support. The project addresses the important and urgent issue of improving current support policies for electricity from renewable energy sources through competitive market measures. The general objective of the project is to promote an effective use and efficient implementation of auctions for renewable energy support in the European Union Member States, especially regarding their cost-efficiency.
In this new webinar series, the AURES team will share research results and provide guidance to policy makers on the best options to organize renewables support under the new rules of the Clean Energy Package.
After the Fukushima accident, a national debate regarding French energy transition was launched. A policy goal of reducing nuclear electricity generation from 75% to 50% share of total generation was established. Since the year 2013, electricity consumption has stabilized in France, the share of renewable sources continues to grow and there is a high level of hydropower production. Thus, means of conventional thermal generation are rarely used. In addition, electricity generation and capacity continue to increase as the country remains a net energy exporter. This webinar analyses past, present and future of the country from an energetic point of view.
Second Stakeholder Event for the Revision of Directive (REDII) 2018/2001
Session 2 Renewable energy in Heating and Cooling, Buildings and District Heating
Professor Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
March 22, 2021, Brussels - Online
While UK met its 2020 interim target, there is some doubt regarding whether it will meet the overall 2020 target of 15% of energy consumption from renewables. For the time being it seems that the UK will have to make arrangements to count renewable energy produced and used in other member states to achieve its targets. Additionally, recent government decision to remove preliminary accreditation from the Feed-in-tariff, rejection of several renewable projects and Austrian legal action against development of the Hinkley Point nuclear power plant will have an effect on the countries energy future.
Philipp Steinberg - La transición energética en Europa y el cambio climáticoFundación Ramón Areces
Entre el 30 de junio y el 2 de julio de 2014 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces (C/ Vitruvio, 5, en Madrid) un curso de verano en colaboración con la Universidad Complutense de Madrid sobre los retos energéticos de Europa ante el cambio climático. En estas jornadas, diferentes expertos analizaron la transición energética en Europa para cumplir las exigencias de los compromisos internacionales en materia de emisiones de CO2.
Repensando el sistema energético: El potencial de la energía distribuida - el...Libelula
Repensando el sistema energético: El potencial de la energía distribuida - el caso de Alemania.
Presentado por Alexander Ochs, Director de Programa de Clima y Energía - Worldwatch Institute.
Delivered by Roberto Francia, MD of COGEN Europe, at the COGEN Vlaanderen annual conference "15 jaar COGEN: Tijd om vooruit te blikken!". Leuven, 17 May 2016.
Keynote, 15th Conference on Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems (SDEWES)
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
Online, Cologne, September 3rd 2020
Presented by Nicolai Zarganis, Head of Division, Danish Energy Authority, denmark, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Knowing the country’s potential in different technologies, such as wind and photovoltaic, the Spanish government promoted their installation through several incentives and subsidies since the beginning of the 2000s. When the economic crisis hit the EU all these incentives gradually disappeared due to the decrease on energy consumption, which also denoted the system overcapacity due to the lack of interconnections. Now as the country escapes from the economic recession, energy efficiency and renewables are starting to be part of the country’s future once again. This Webinar reviews the past, present and future of the country from the energetic point of view.
This webinar analyses energy efficiency trends in the EU for the period 2014-2019 and the impact of COVID-19 in 2020 (based on estimates from Enerdata).
The speakers present the overall trend in total energy supply and in final energy consumption, as well as details by sector, alongside macro-economic data. They will explain the main drivers of the variation in energy consumption since 2014 and determine the impact of energy savings.
Speakers:
Laura Sudries, Senior Energy Efficiency Analyst, Enerdata
Bruno Lapillonne, Scientific Director, Enerdata
The recordings of the presentation (webinar) can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/8RuK5MroTxk
Similar to Germany, leading the charge on renewables (20)
A new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings performanceLeonardo ENERGY
What is the added value of monitoring the flexibility, comfort, and well-being of a building? How can occupants be better informed about the performance of their building? And how to optimize a building's maintenance?
The slides were presented during a webinar and roundtable with a focus on a new generation of instruments and tools to monitor buildings' performance, and their link with the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) for buildings as introduced in the EU's Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD).
Link to the recordings: https://youtu.be/ZCFhmldvRA0
Addressing the Energy Efficiency First Principle in a National Energy and Cli...Leonardo ENERGY
When designing energy and climate policies, EU Member States have to apply the Energy Efficiency First Principle: priority should be given to measures reducing energy consumption before other decarbonization interventions are adopted. This webinar summarizes elements of the energy and climate policy of Cyprus illustrating how national authorities have addressed this principle so far, and outline challenges towards its much more rigorous implementation that is required in the coming years.
Auctions for energy efficiency and the experience of renewablesLeonardo ENERGY
Auctions are an emerging market-based policy instrument to promote energy efficiency that has started to gain traction in the EU and worldwide. This presentation provides an overview and comparison of several energy efficiency auctions and derives conclusions on the effects of design elements based on auction theory and on experiences of renewable energy auctions. We include examples from energy efficiency auctions in Brazil, Canada, Germany, Portugal, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, and US.
A recording of this presentation can be viewed at:
https://youtu.be/aC0h4cXI9Ug
Energy efficiency first – retrofitting the building stock finalLeonardo ENERGY
Retrofitting the building stock is a challenging undertaking in many respects - including costs. Can it nevertheless qualify as a measure under the Energy Efficiency First principle? Which methods can be applied for the assessment and what are the results in terms of the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting the entire residential building stock? How do the results differ for minimization of energy use, CO2 emissions and costs? And which policy conclusions can be drawn?
This presentation was used during the 18th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy on February 3, 2022.
A link to the recording: https://youtu.be/4pw_9hpA_64
How auction design affects the financing of renewable energy projects Leonardo ENERGY
Recording available at https://youtu.be/lPT1o735kOk
Renewable energy auctions might affect the financing of renewable energy (RE) projects. This webinar presents the results of the AURES II project exploring this topic. It discusses how auction designs ranging from bid bonds to penalties and remuneration schemes impact financing and discusses creating a low-risk auction support framework.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
(see updated version of this presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/sustenergy/energy-efficiency-funds-in-europe-updated)
The Energy Efficiency First Principle is a key pillar of the European Green Deal. A prerequisite for its widespread application is to secure financing for energy efficiency investments.
This presentation discusses the contribution of Energy Efficiency Funds to the financing of energy efficiency in Europe. The analysis is based on the MURE database on energy efficiency policies. As an example, the German Energy Efficiency Fund is described in more detail.
This is the 17th webinar in the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy.
Recordings are available on: https://youtu.be/KIewOQCgQWQ
Five actions fit for 55: streamlining energy savings calculationsLeonardo ENERGY
During the first year of the H2020 project streamSAVE, multiple activities were organized to support countries in developing savings estimations under Art.3 and Art.7 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED).
A fascinating output of the project so far is the “Guidance on Standardized saving methodologies (energy, CO2 and costs)” for a first round of five so-called Priority Actions. This Guidance will assist EU member states in more accurately calculating savings for a set of new energy efficiency actions.
This webinar presents this Guidance and other project findings to the broader community, including industry and markets.
AGENDA
14:00 Introduction to streamSAVE
(Nele Renders, Project Coordinator)
14:10 Views from the EU Commission and the link with Fit-for-55 (Anne-Katherina Weidenbach, DG ENER)
14:20 The streamSAVE guidance and its platform illustrated (Elisabeth Böck, AEA)
14:55 A view from industry: What is the added value of streamSAVE (standardized) methods in frame of the EED (Conor Molloy, AEMS ECOfleet)
14:55 Country experiences: the added value of standardized methods (Elena Allegrini, ENEA, Italy)
The recordings of the webinar can be found on https://youtu.be/eUht10cUK1o
Energy and mobility poverty: Will the Social Climate Fund be enough to delive...Leonardo ENERGY
Prior to the current soaring energy prices across Europe, the European Commission proposed, as part of the FitFor55 climate and energy package, the EU Social Climate Fund to mitigate the expected social impact of extending the EU ETS to transport and heating.
The report presented in this webinar provides an update of the European Energy Poverty Index, published for the first time in 2019, which shows the combined effect of energy and mobility poverty across Member States. Beyond the regular update of the index, the report provides analysis of the existing EU policy framework related to energy and transport poverty. France is used as a case study given the “yellow vest” movement, which was triggered by the proposed carbon tax on fuels.
Watch the recordings of the webinar:
https://youtu.be/i1Jdd3H05t0
Does the EU Emission Trading Scheme ETS Promote Energy Efficiency?Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief analyzes the main interacting mechanisms between the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) and the EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS). It presents a detailed top-down approach, based on the ODYSSEE energy indicators, to identify energy savings from the EU ETS.
The main task consists in isolating those factors that contribute to the change in energy consumption of industrial branches covered by the EU ETS, and the energy transformation sector (mainly the electricity sector).
Speaker:
Wolfgang Eichhammer (Head of the Competence Center Energy Policy and Energy Markets @Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research ISI)
The recordings of this webinar can be watched via:
https://youtu.be/TS6PxIvtaKY
Energy efficiency, structural change and energy savings in the manufacturing ...Leonardo ENERGY
The first part of the presentations presents the energy efficiency improvements in the manufacturing sector since 2000, and the role of structural change between the different branches and energy savings. It will compare the improvements in Denmark and other countries with EU average. This part is based on ODYSSEE data.
The second part of the presentation presents the development in Denmark in more detail, and it will compare the energy efficiency improvement, corrected for structural change, with the reported savings from the Energy Efficiency Obligation Scheme.
Recordings of the live webinar are on https://youtu.be/VVAdw_CS51A
Energy Sufficiency Indicators and Policies (Lea Gynther, Motiva)Leonardo ENERGY
This policy brief looks at questions ‘how to measure energy sufficiency’, ‘which policies and measures can be used to address energy sufficiency’ and ‘how they are used in Europe today’.
Energy sufficiency refers to a situation where everyone has access to the energy services they need, whilst the impacts of the energy system do not exceed environmental limits. The level of ambition needed to address energy sufficiency is higher than in the case of energy efficiency.
This is the 13th edition of the Odyssee-Mure on Energy Efficiency Academy, and number 519 in the Leonardo ENERGY series. The recording of the live presentation can be found on https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEAdYbI0wDI&list=PLUFRNkTrB5O_V155aGXfZ4b3R0fvT7sKz
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Prod...Leonardo ENERGY
The Super-efficient Equipment and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) Initiative Product Efficiency Call to Action, by Melanie Slade - IEA and Nicholas Jeffrey - UK BEIS
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
3. Introduction
Country snapshot in numbers
Indicator Unit Year of Estimate Value
Land area Thousand sq.km 2014 348.5
Forest area % of land area 2012 31.8
Population Millions 2013 80.6
Population density People per sq.km 2013 231.3
GDP per capita PPP 2011 $ 2013 43,206
TPES/capita Toe/capita 2013 3.81
Industry value-added % of GDP 2013 30.7
Inflation CPI % 2013 1.5
Rents (mineral, oil, coal, gas) % of GDP 2012 0.1
| Country Profile Germany3
Source: World Bank – World Development Indicators
7. Introduction
Resources
| Country Profile Germany7
Significant coal reserves but used with
restraint
Minute oil & gas reserves
Growing renewable capacity
Nuclear initially as a transition technology,
phase-out after Fukushima Reserves in Mtoe
Available Renewable Capacity in GW
Source: World Energy Resources – 2013 Survey
8. Energy Policy
National energy plan
Energy Concept (“Energiewende”)
(BMU & BMWi, 28/9/2010)
• Horizon 2050
• Integrated plan with consistent &
ambitious targets for climate,
renewables, energy efficiency
• 9 themes: renewables, efficiency,
nuclear & fossil, integration, buildings,
mobility, innovation, international
context, acceptance
• After Fukushima:
6/6/11 Update on Section C “nuclear &
fossil”
| Country Profile Germany8
9. Energy Policy
National energy plan - Targets
“Energiewende” (Energy Transition) as overall energy concept
• GHG emissions reduction of 40% by 2020 and >80% by 2050 (over 1990)
• Increase of renewable energy (60% of gross energy use by 2050)
• Complete exit from nuclear power by 2022
• 50% primary energy consumption reduction by 2050 (over 2008)
• 2.1% p.a. improvement in energy productivity
• Electricity consumption reduction of 10% by 2020 and 25% by 2050
• 2% annual building renovation rate
• 40% reduction in final energy consumption
• Investment of €20 Billion in HV grid development for the next 10 years
• Additional larger investment needed for distribution grid from 27.5 to
42.5 B€
| Country Profile Germany9
10. Energy Policy
National energy plan - Highlights
Renewables as the cornerstone
Energy efficiency in all sectors (3 themes)
Flexible conventional power stations
Nuclear as transition technology -> phaseout
Exploring a role for CCS
Termination of coal subsidies
Expansion plan for grid & storage
6 million EV’s by 2030
EU-wide electricity labelling
Renewables from North-Africa (Mediterranean Solar Plan)
Need for foreign pumped storage
| Country Profile Germany10
11. Energy Policy
Renewable Energy
The NREAP for 2050 is part of the energy concept “Energiewende”.
• Expected RE share of 19.6% of gross energy consumption by 2020 to exceed EU-
target of 18%
• 38.6% RE in electricity
• 15.5% RE share in heating cooling
• 13.2% share in the transportation sector
• Federal incentives in heating/ cooling include Market Incentive Program (MAP),
Renewable Energy Heating Act (EEWärmeG), Cogeneration Act (KWKG), Energy
Savings Regulation (EnEV) and funding programs by KfW
• Federal Emission Act (BImSchG), Energy Taxation Act (EnergieStG) and Biofuels
Regulations (Biokraft-NachV, BioStNachV, BioKraftQuG) are programs in the
transportation sector
• Regional and local incentive programs complement the national plan
| Country Profile Germany11
12. Energy Policy
Energy Efficiency
The NEEAP from 2014 defines Germany’s EE target of primary energy
consumption reduction of 20% by 2020 and 50% by 2050 (over 2008).
• Focus on final energy consumption savings and energy transformation and
distribution efficiency (e.g. via ETS, IED etc.)
• 3 core pillars:
• Increase EE in the building sector
• Establish EE as business and profitability model
• Increase individual responsibility for EE
• 4 main categories of measures to achieve primary energy saving targets:
• Standards & target setting (e.g. EnEV)
• Pricing/ taxation (e.g. truck toll, energy tax, emissions trading etc.)
• Investment incentives and programs (e.g. tax exemptions, building renovation
financing
• Consulting and labelling programs (e.g. communal energy consulting)
| Country Profile Germany12
13. Energy Policy
Electricity
Generation: 4 generators with 78% market share (excl renewables)
• HHI = 2021 (reasonable competition)
Transmission:
• 4 onshore TSOs (3 certified), 1 offshore TSO (uncertified)
Distribution: >850 DSO’s
• 90% not separated into network/retail due to de minimis requirement
(<100,000 customers)
EPEX SPOT for day-ahead and intraday, EEX for derivatives market
• 363 traders active
Wholesale prices decreasing but retail prices increasing (taxes & levies)
10.4% switching rate – choice among 72 suppliers
| Country Profile Germany13
Source: Commission – Single market progress report
14. Energy Policy
Electricity
15.9’ system interruption per year (most reliable in the world)
Installed capacity 187 GW (of which 70 GW wind + PV)
Peak load capacity 82 GW
8 of 17 nuclear reactors already shutdown; rest by 2022
• Annual adequacy assessment by TSOs
Reserve Power Plant Regulation (ResKV)
• Procurement procedure for spare capacity
Increasing congestion in the North-South corridor
| Country Profile Germany14
Source: ENTSO-E – SO&AF 2014-2030
15. Energy Policy
Gas
15 gas TSOs
2 markets: NCG and GasPool
EGEX exchange
Cross-border price > NCG/Gaspool price
Trading volumes >> physical exchanges
86% of customers can choose between 31 suppliers
• 10.7% switching rate
| Country Profile Germany15
Source: Commission – Single market progress report
16. Energy Policy
Coal
Phase-out of subsidies by 2018
• 20 B€ over the period 2009-2019
One hard-coal producer (RAG), 7.5 Mt in 2013, responsible for
phase-out
• Imports from US (26%), Russia (26%), Colombia (18%), Poland (10%), ...
3 lignite producers (RWE, Vattenfall, MIBRAG), 200 Mt, increasing,
largest in Europe
| Country Profile Germany16
17. Energy Policy
Nuclear
Phase-out announcement (mid 2011):
• Progressive abandonment of nuclear
• Limiting lifespan of nuclear plants to 32 years
• Prohibition to build new nuclear
• Prohibition on reprocessing
• 10-fold increase in insurance cover
Litigation by nuclear operators
Decommissioning fund
| Country Profile Germany17
18. Energy Policy
Climate
Successful decoupling of GHG emissions from growth
Kyoto target -21% (actual -25% w/o flexibility mechanisms)
Energy Concept targets: -40% by 2020, -80+% by 2050
ETS revenues fully used to fight climate change
“Energy & Climate Fund”
| Country Profile Germany18
19. Governance
Institutions
Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs (BMWi)
Länder Ministries of Economy
Conference of Ministers of Economy
BMUB - climate
BMEL – biomass
BMF – taxation
Bundesnetzagentur: Electricity, Gas, Telecom, Post, Railways
Dena: national energy agency
| Country Profile Germany19
20. Governance
Actors
Electricity Gas
# of companies
representing >95% of
power generation
>850 #of entities bringing
natural gas into country
38
# of main entities 4 # of main entities 3
# retailers > 1,000 # of retailers 851
# main retailers 4 # of main retailers 3
HHI power 2021 HHI supply 1886
HHI retail n/a HHI retail 300
Market value (B€) 74.9 Market value (B€) 27.5
Installer capacity (GW) 171.7
Peak load (GW) 81.9 +200 DH companies, operating 500
networks
| Country Profile Germany20
27. Supply
Interconnectors
7% interconnection rate with 6 countries (Cz, DK, F, NL, Pl, CH)
• Plan for interconnects with B (Alegro – 1 GW) and Russia (600 MW)
Net exporter, increasingly
Transmission expansion slower than planned
TSO investment in 2012: 1.15 B€ (+36%)
Electricity Grid Expansion Act: 1,877 km planned (EnLAG)
20 PCIs in Germany
| Country Profile Germany27
28. Supply
Gas
5 domestic producers (15% of demand)
Declining production, increasing imports
• 45% Russia, 26.5% NL, 29% Norway
NordStream pipeline with Russia: 55 BCm/yr (50+% of demand)
Exports to Cz, Fr, NL, CH
Storage: 22 BCm (~25% of annual demand)
Heart of European gas trade with robust supply
| Country Profile Germany28
29. Supply
Oil
95% imports
• 35% Russia, 12% Norway, 10% UK, 16% OPEC
13 refineries – large importer of refined products
| Country Profile Germany29
35. Energy and tax bill for the world’s largest countries
Notes:
- : non relevant
Prices
Final energy bill in Germany in 2014
36. Oil: 47% of taxes in end-consumer prices
o53% of taxes for the transport sector (49% for diesel and 58% for gasoline)
o7% for industry and 22% for households and services
Electricity: 50%
o48% of taxes for industry and 52% for households and services
Gas: 20%
o11% of taxes for industry and 24% for households and services
Renewable electricity fees: EEG Umlage
o€6,24c/kWh in 2014 (€6,17c/kWh in 2015)
Energy and tax bill for the world’s largest countries
Prices
Energy taxes in Germany in 2014
37. Prices
Electricity prices w.r.t. neighbours
| Country Profile Germany37
Constant price in US$cents05 of electricity in industry (taxes incl.)
Unit 1980 2013 2014 Unit 1980 2013 2014
Belgium USc05/kWh 11.1 10.1 9.9 Z-score 0.1 0.3 0.1
France USc05/kWh 11.5 10.0 9.9 Z-score 0.2 0.3 0.1
Germany USc05/kWh 11.5 13.9 14.8 Z-score 0.2 1.2 1.2
Italy USc05/kWh 14.6 25.6 25.9 Z-score 0.8 4.0 3.8
Poland USc05/kWh n.a. 8.5 7.8 Z-score n.a 0.0 -0.4
Switzerland USc05/kWh 13.4 9.5 9.5 Z-score 0.6 0.2 0.0
Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data
38. Prices
Gas prices w.r.t. neighbours
| Country Profile Germany38
Source: ENERDATA – Global Energy & CO2 Data
Constant price in US$05 of natural gas in industry (taxes incl.) GCV
Unit 1980 2013 2014 Unit 1980 2013 2014
Belgium USc05/kWh 2.5 3.9 3.3 Z-score -0.4 0.1 -0.2
France USc05/kWh 2.9 4.3 4.1 Z-score -0.3 0.4 0.3
Germany USc05/kWh 2.7 4.1 3.8 Z-score -0.3 0.2 0.2
Italy USc05/kWh 3.3 4.2 4.0 Z-score -0.1 0.3 0.3
Poland USc05/kWh 1.4 3.3 3.3 Z-score -0.7 -0.2 -0.1
Switzerland USc05/kWh 5.0 5.2 5.2 Z-score 0.4 0.8 1.0
39. Indicators
Security
| Country Profile Germany39
Indicator Unit 1970 2000 2013
Oil self-sufficiency % 6 3 3
Coal self-sufficiency % 103 71 58
Gas self-sufficiency % 77 22 12
Total self-sufficiency % 58 40 38
RES share in TPES % 1 3 11
RES share in electricity % 7 6 24
TPES/GDP toe/ 2005 $ PPP 0.25 0.14 0.11
TPES/capita toe/capita 3.88 4.09 3.81
Source: IEA Energy Indicators for OECD Countries
40. Indicators
Environment
| Country Profile Germany40
Indicator Unit 1970 2000 2013
CO2 per capita Tons - 9.1 -
CO2 per unit GDP kg per PPP 2011 GDP - 0.22 -
Network losses % 4.5
Access to electricity % 100 100 100
Source: IEA Energy Indicators for OECD Countries
41. Summary
Technology
Research initiatives of the federal ministry:
• Power grids of the future
• Solar building construction
• Energy-efficient cities
Top 5 energy related areas for funding and research:
• Wind power
• Photovoltaics
• Deep geothermal (esp. for district heating)
• Solar-thermal power plants
• Hydro and maritime power generation
| Country Profile Germany41
42. Summary
A few specifics
Leading in overall energy efficiency according to ACEEE scorecard
• International market leader and innovation driver in the fields of energy
efficiency and green buildings
Building energy efficiency supported by strong building codes and
EE targets
Strong position in passive house technology and related products
• Certification for passive house trades people
| Country Profile Germany42
43. Summary
Specifics
Highest wind power generation capacity growth among European
countries
• More than doubled offshore wind capacity on 2014
New CCS technology tested with large scale demonstration in 2015
• Increase oxygen stability and 20% input energy reduction by use of new
solvent technology
• 90% CO2 capture rate from coal-fired power plants
Strong position in e-mobility based on German automotive industry
(e-vehicles, hybrids)
• Tax incentives on electric vehicles and development of related
infrastructure
| Country Profile Germany43
44. Summary
Issues
Stabilization of electricity prices to support transition to renewables
• Currently, lowest wholesale prices but highest retail prices in Europe
• However, due to lower consumption, residential electricity bill similar to US
Fast and cost-effective approach to grid extension essential to
integrate renewable energy production
• Increasing wind power generation in Northern Germany requires improved
transmission infrastructure
• Decentralised PV & biomass production also requires LV grid expansion
Leading the market of energy storage
• Driven by economics
• Not needed for balancing until after 2030
| Country Profile Germany44
45. Summary
Issues
Shutdown of all nuclear power plants and complete exit from
nuclear energy by 2022
Proposed strict regulation for fracking and shale-gas-related
activities to protect water resources and environment
• Restrictions by region and type of environment/ bedrock
• Additional restriction for general oil & gas drilling
Hard coal subsidies to run out by 2018 on both federal and “Länder”
level
• Clear definition of future role of gas and coal in energy mix required to
achieve CO2 emission targets
| Country Profile Germany45
46. Conclusions
A large & diversified energy system with strong interconnections (with
the exception of oil)
Highest electricity Quality of Supply in the world (based on SAIDI)
An example how to transit to a sustainable energy with limited
indigenous resources (but path forward is uncertain)
Leading the charge on renewables (up to now)
A lesson on learning curves and getting support schemes right
Is the current retail price structure (incl taxes) sustainable?
Moderate liberalization in generation, advanced in market
Over 1,000 grid operators; lots of small-scale community initiatives
HV grid expansion difficult, even in a progressive country
Energy transition requires ambitious implementation of EU Policy
complemented with additional policies
Role of lignite, coal and gas in Energiewende needs clarification
| Country Profile Germany46
47. Country Comparison on Energy use from
1960 to 2012 (ktoe)
| Country Profile Germany47
48. Sources
Macroeconomic indicators: http://databank.worldbank.org
Energy Balances: Eurostat, IEA, Enerdata
Energy Prices: Eurostat, Enerdata
Country Report, Global Energy Research (Enerdata)
Country Report, www.reegle.info
European Commission: Progress towards completing the IEM
ENTSO-E: TYNDP
ENTSO-E: Scenario Outlook & Adequacy Forecast
NREAP Germany
NEEAP Germany
World Energy Council: World Energy Resources 2013 Survey
IEA Energy Policies of IEA Countries Germany 2013 Review
| Country Profile Germany48
49. Glossary
CCS Carbon Capture and Storage
CPI Consumer Price Index
ETS Emission Trading System
EV Electric Vehicle
GHG Greenhouse Gas
HHI Herfindahl-Hirschman Index
HV High Voltage
NEEAP National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
NREAP National Renewable Energy Action Plan
PCI Project of Common Interest
TOE Ton of Oil Equivalent
TPES Total Primary Energy Supply
TSO Transmission System Operator
| Country Profile Germany49
50. Acknowledgement
Thank you to our reviewers
Arne Jungjohann, http://arnejungjohann.de/
Baktash Nasiri, Research associate/PhD student at TU Dortmund
NN reviewers from the financial sector, from the utility sector and from
industry
53. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
RED – implemented in Germany via EEG (Enerneuerbare Energien
Gesetz 2009, renewed 2012 and August 1st, 2014)
• EEG 2014 sets 3 main principles to boost wind and solar energy:
• Investment protection through guaranteed feed-in tariffs and
connection requirement
• No additional cost to Germany’s public budget
• Innovation by decreasing feed-in-tariffs
• Target renewable energy share 18% (of total energy consumption) by
2020
• 30% of electricity consumption from renewable energy
• 14% of heating energy from renewable energy
• Additional national regulations include Biomass regulation (BiomasseV)
and Biomass-electricity-sustainability regulation (Bio-St-NachV)
| Country Profile Germany53
54. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
EED – mostly implemented in Germany
• Article 7 as core of EED: Germany committed to cumulated savings of 1,758
Petajoule (PJ) until 2020
• Implemented energy efficiency measures have contributed 1,476 PJ
• Creation of dedicated institution (Bundesstelle für Energieeffizienz – BfEE) to
ensure EED target implementation
• NEEAP 2014 as basis for fulfilment of EED requirements and targets In Germany
• Recent transposition activities include
• Energiedienstleistungsgesetz (EDL-G) modified to accommodate Article 8 of
EED (energy audits)
• KWK-Kosten-Nutzen-Vergleich-Verordnung (KNV-V) to implement Article 14 of
EED
• Introduction of additional voluntary “market-oriented incentive system" (MEAS)
| Country Profile Germany54
55. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
EPBD
• Energy Savings Act (EnEG) 2013 creates the legal basis for further regulations (e.g.
EnEV)
• Heat insulation/ reduction of energy loss
• Prescribes effective use of energy for heating and cooling during planning
phase
• Energy Savings Regulation (EnEV) exists since 2009 with latest update in
November 2013 to implement EPBD
• Applies to all new and existing buildings that require energy for heating or
cooling
• “Energy passports” for “overall efficiency of buildings” – “lowest energy
building” standard as of 2021 for all new buildings
• Renewable Energies Heat Act (EEWärmeG)
• Addresses requirements on renewable energy in the heating sector
| Country Profile Germany55
56. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
Internal electricity and gas markets
• German Energy Act (Energiewirtschaftsgesetz) (EnWG) as the main
federal legal framework for all energy market related regulations and acts
• Liberalization and deregulation as key objectives
• Ongoing efforts to remove contractual bureaucracy and provide
marketing options for energy from renewable sources
• Grid Expansion Acceleration Act (Netzausbaubeschleunigungs-Gesetz)
(NABEG)
• Regulates the expansion of cross-border HV power line construction
with focus on expedited planning and permits
• Federal Requirements Plan Act (Bundesbedarfsplangesetz) (BBPIG)
• Proposes HV transmission infrastructure projects in addition to
projects already defined in the Power Grid Extension Act (EnLAG)
| Country Profile Germany56
57. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
IED – German official implementation on May 2nd, 2013 via
• Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz (BImSchG)
• Wasserhaushaltsgesetz (WHG)
• Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz (KrWG)
• Gesetz über die Umweltverträglichkeitsprüfung (UVPG)
• Various sections of the Bundes-Immissionsschutzverordnung (BImSchV)
• 4. BImSchV - regulation on industrial facilities requiring permits
• 9. BImSchV – regulation on permission processing
• Several sections relating to specific industrial installations (e.g. fuels,
halogenated compounds, volatile compounds etc.)
• Industrial facilities to use “BVT” (best available technology)
| Country Profile Germany57
58. Energy Policy
Transposition of EU Policy
ETS
• Treibhausgas-Emissionshandels-Gesetz (TEHG) 2011 as national basis
for participation in European emissions trading
• 3rd trading period (2013-2020) is implemented via Allocation Regulation
2020 (ZuV 2020) without National Allocation Plan
• Regulates calculation of allocation and application within TEHG
• EHV 2020 (Emissions-Handels-Verordnung) – Emission Trading
Regulation for liquid biofuels
• ProMechG (Projekt-Mechanismen-Gesetz) – Project Mechanism Act
implelements the Linking Directive creating the legal basis for CDM and JI-
projects
• ProMechGebV (Projekt-Mechanismen-Gebührenverordnung) – Project
Mechanism Fee Regulation
| Country Profile Germany58