Slot antenna is designed with microstrip feed line for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. The first patch is designed as a rectangular shape and the other is designed as an inverted L shape. The antenna is printed on a FR4 substrate with a thickness of 0.8mm and relative permittivity of 4.6.The
resulting antenna is found to have a compact size of 22.75x22mm2
. It offers dual band characteristics with - 10dB return loss and it radiates in omnidirectional pattern. The antenna receives RF signals which are converted into DC power by connecting it through the matching circuit, rectifier and voltage multiplier.
Matching circuit is needed for matching the impedance of the antenna and the impedance of the rectifier. Rectifier uses schottky diode (HSMS 2850) which has high switching speed and low forward voltage convert the input RF signal received by the antenna into suitable DC supply voltage. The produced DC
voltage can be doubled by using voltage doubler. The output power from the voltage doubler is given to low power devices for charging. These designs are simulated by using ADS 2011 (Advanced Designs System) software
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
ENERGY HARVESTING METHOD IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKijejournal
With the advent of modern micro mechanical system technology and wireless communication wireless
sensor networks are finding a lot of application in modern day life. The design of the sensor network
depends on the specific application. This paper gives a description of the components of the wireless
sensor nodes used. It also describes how the lifetime of a wireless sensor network can be increased by the
use of energy harvesting sensor nodes.
Wireless Energy Harvesting to Charge Cell phone Batteriesidescitation
he research deals with the charging of cellphones
wirelessly using various techniques. A voltage doubler circuit
assembled with a “more” efficient circuit definitely makes
this project a brighter innovation.
It is the motivation of this paper to converse the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be offered using existing antenna and RFID technology to charge a mobile phone battery without using wires. In this first step, it will use a standard phones, and combine the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. In this paper to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
Wireless power transmission project is used to transfer the power from the power source to electrical loads using high frequency resonating air core transformers.
RF Energy Harvesting for Wireless DevicesIJERD Editor
Radio Frequency (RF) energy transfer and harvesting techniques have recently become alternative methods to empower the next generation wireless networks. As this emerging technology enables proactive energy replenishment of wireless devices, it is advantageous in supporting applications with quality of service requirements. In this paper, some wireless power transfer methods, RF energy harvesting networks, various receiver architectures and existing applications are presented. Finally, some open research directions are envisioned.
ENERGY HARVESTING METHOD IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKijejournal
With the advent of modern micro mechanical system technology and wireless communication wireless
sensor networks are finding a lot of application in modern day life. The design of the sensor network
depends on the specific application. This paper gives a description of the components of the wireless
sensor nodes used. It also describes how the lifetime of a wireless sensor network can be increased by the
use of energy harvesting sensor nodes.
Wireless Energy Harvesting to Charge Cell phone Batteriesidescitation
he research deals with the charging of cellphones
wirelessly using various techniques. A voltage doubler circuit
assembled with a “more” efficient circuit definitely makes
this project a brighter innovation.
It is the motivation of this paper to converse the first step toward realizing this goal. A system will be offered using existing antenna and RFID technology to charge a mobile phone battery without using wires. In this first step, it will use a standard phones, and combine the charging technology into a commercially available base station. The base station will contain an antenna tuned to 915MHz and a charge pump. In this paper to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and hopefully pave the way for a system incorporated into the phone for charging without the use of a base station.
Wireless power transmission project is used to transfer the power from the power source to electrical loads using high frequency resonating air core transformers.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
“Microcontroller Based Substation Monitoring system with gsm modem”.Priya Rachakonda
• The system is used for transmitting the message to predefined number about the
status of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, temperature etc., to improve
the quality of power.
• Studied about the protection, monitoring and control of a power system.
This paper presents a high voltage conversion at high sensitivity RF energy harvesting system for IoT applications. The harvesting system comprises bulk-to-source (BTMOS) differential-drive based rectifier to produce a high efficiency RF energy harvesting system. Low-pass upward impedance matching network is applied at the rectifier input to increase the sensitivity and output voltage. Dual-oxide-thickness transistors are used in the rectifier circuit to maintain the power efficiency at each stage of the rectifier. The system is designed using 0.18µm Silterra RF in deep n-well process technology and achieves 4.07V output at -16dBm sensitivity without the need of complex auxiliary control circuit and DC-DC charge-pump circuit. The system is targeted for urban environment.
Seminar Report On Micro Strip Patch Antenna.it is describe the only design of 5khz and 1.9khz antenna making steps also show the 3d veiws of radiation pattern, and all the parameters of antenna dependent on it.
with content and acknoladgement
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF RF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM FOR CHARGING LOW POWER DEVICESJournal For Research
Finite electrical battery life is encouraging the companies and researchers to come up with new ideas and technologies to drive wireless mobile devices for an infinite or enhance period of time. Common resource constrained wireless devices when they run out of battery they should be recharged. For that purpose main supply & charger are needed to charge drained mobile phone batteries or any portable devices. Practically it is not possible to carry charger wherever we go and also to expect availability of power supply everywhere. To avoid such disadvantages some sort of solution should be given and that can be wireless charging of mobile phones.[4] If the mobile can receive RF power signals from the mobile towers, why can’t we extract the power from the received signals? This can be done by the method or technology called RF energy harvesting. RF energy harvesting holds a promise able future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. RF power harvesting is one of the diverse fields where still research continues. The energy of RF waves used by devices can be harvested and used to operate in more effective and efficient way.
Architecture of an efficient dual band 1.8/2.5 GHz rectenna for RF energy har...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a highly efficient rectenna of RF energy harvesting systems operating at
1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz bands for battery-less sensor application. The antenna is design by CST-MWS.
The Schottky diode used for rectifying circuit is HSMS 286B in which designed by Agilent ADS. The key
finding of the paper is that the simulated DC output voltage of the rectenna is 1.35 V for low input power of
-25 dBm at a high resistance load of 1M Ω. Correspondingly, the RF-DC conversion efficiency of
the rectification process is 59.51% and 45.75% at 1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz, which are high efficiency and much
better compared to literature respectively. The rectenna is capable to produce 1.8 V from an input power of
-20 dBm. Thus, the proposed RF energy harvesting system offers a promising solution designed for efficient
functionality at a low power level of RF energy in the dual band.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal1
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
Designing an Antenna System That Can Perform Conditional RF to DC Harnessing ...IOSRJECE
Electromagnetic energy or RF energy will play a pivotal role in wireless technology and wireless communication in the impending future. The paper proposes a concept for a patch antenna based system that can harness RF energy upon triggering and can convert the harnessed RF to DC from the radio frequency of 1 GHz to 3 GHz, the design frequency is 2.4GHz. The patch antenna system contains a high gain patch antenna along with a wireless communicating module and a conversion circuit. The return loss of the antenna is approximately 27.1dB. The power gain is 30.1 dBm .The converter circuit is designed in), Multi-Sim to get an output voltage of around 5V that can be used to power a mobile-device or maybe stored in a battery. The triggering part is done with the help of a T-mote which is simulated in a network simulator, Cooja. The patch antenna is simulated in High Frequency Structural Simulator
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A Novel Three Phase Multi-string Multilevel Inverter with High DC-DC Closed o...rnvsubbarao koppineni
this inverter reduces
number power devices and high performances.
Before this inverter provide a high step up DC-DC
converter with PI controller for better conversion
efficiency and to improve the output dc voltage of
varies renewable energy sources. This multi-string
multilevel inverter consists of six switches only
instead of eight switches in cascaded H-bridge
multilevel inverter in order to reduce conversion
losses. The main objective of this paper is to save
cost and size by removing any kind of transformer
as well as reducing the power devices
“Microcontroller Based Substation Monitoring system with gsm modem”.Priya Rachakonda
• The system is used for transmitting the message to predefined number about the
status of electrical parameters such as voltage, current, temperature etc., to improve
the quality of power.
• Studied about the protection, monitoring and control of a power system.
This paper presents a high voltage conversion at high sensitivity RF energy harvesting system for IoT applications. The harvesting system comprises bulk-to-source (BTMOS) differential-drive based rectifier to produce a high efficiency RF energy harvesting system. Low-pass upward impedance matching network is applied at the rectifier input to increase the sensitivity and output voltage. Dual-oxide-thickness transistors are used in the rectifier circuit to maintain the power efficiency at each stage of the rectifier. The system is designed using 0.18µm Silterra RF in deep n-well process technology and achieves 4.07V output at -16dBm sensitivity without the need of complex auxiliary control circuit and DC-DC charge-pump circuit. The system is targeted for urban environment.
Seminar Report On Micro Strip Patch Antenna.it is describe the only design of 5khz and 1.9khz antenna making steps also show the 3d veiws of radiation pattern, and all the parameters of antenna dependent on it.
with content and acknoladgement
DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF RF ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM FOR CHARGING LOW POWER DEVICESJournal For Research
Finite electrical battery life is encouraging the companies and researchers to come up with new ideas and technologies to drive wireless mobile devices for an infinite or enhance period of time. Common resource constrained wireless devices when they run out of battery they should be recharged. For that purpose main supply & charger are needed to charge drained mobile phone batteries or any portable devices. Practically it is not possible to carry charger wherever we go and also to expect availability of power supply everywhere. To avoid such disadvantages some sort of solution should be given and that can be wireless charging of mobile phones.[4] If the mobile can receive RF power signals from the mobile towers, why can’t we extract the power from the received signals? This can be done by the method or technology called RF energy harvesting. RF energy harvesting holds a promise able future for generating a small amount of electrical power to drive partial circuits in wirelessly communicating electronics devices. RF power harvesting is one of the diverse fields where still research continues. The energy of RF waves used by devices can be harvested and used to operate in more effective and efficient way.
Architecture of an efficient dual band 1.8/2.5 GHz rectenna for RF energy har...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a highly efficient rectenna of RF energy harvesting systems operating at
1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz bands for battery-less sensor application. The antenna is design by CST-MWS.
The Schottky diode used for rectifying circuit is HSMS 286B in which designed by Agilent ADS. The key
finding of the paper is that the simulated DC output voltage of the rectenna is 1.35 V for low input power of
-25 dBm at a high resistance load of 1M Ω. Correspondingly, the RF-DC conversion efficiency of
the rectification process is 59.51% and 45.75% at 1.8 GHz and 2.5 GHz, which are high efficiency and much
better compared to literature respectively. The rectenna is capable to produce 1.8 V from an input power of
-20 dBm. Thus, the proposed RF energy harvesting system offers a promising solution designed for efficient
functionality at a low power level of RF energy in the dual band.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal1
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and
RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can
transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the
specification requirements of the desired
LOW POWER SI CLASS E POWER AMPLIFIER AND RF SWITCH FOR HEALTH CAREieijjournal
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software.
And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate
goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and
low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
Low Power SI Class E Power Amplifier and Rf Switch for Health Careieijjournal1
This research was to design a 2.4 GHz class E Power Amplifier (PA) for health care, with 0.18um Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation CMOS technology by using Cadence software. And also RF switch was designed at cadence software with power Jazz 180nm SOI process. The ultimate goal for such application is to reach high performance and low cost, and between high performance and low power consumption design. This paper introduces the design of a 2.4GHz class E power amplifier and RF switch design. PA consists of cascade stage with negative capacitance. This power amplifier can transmit 16dBm output power to a 50Ω load. The performance of the power amplifier and switch meet the specification requirements of the desired.
A Novel Structure of a Wideband Zero-bias Power Limiter for ISM BandTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, a new broadband microwave microstrip power limiter is designed and realized. The
Power Limiter is based on microstrip technology integrating a Zero Bias commercial Schottky diodes
HSMS2820.The power limiter is optimized and validated in two steps. The enhanced and achieved circuit
is obtained by concatenating two basic structures. The final circuit was validated into simulation by using
ADS solver. Finally this circuit was realized and tested. Simulation and measurement results are in a good
agreement. The final circuit achieves a limiting rate of 14 dB with a threshold input power level of 0 dBm
until a maximum input power level of 30 dBm.
A new design of a microstrip rectenna at 5.8 GHz for wireless power transmiss...IJECEIAES
Due to the ever-increasing power demand, the need of electricity and eco-friendly power in every nook and corner of the world, many reaserch topics have been devoted to deal with this problematic. This paper is taking part of the proposed solutions with the presentation of a novel 5.8 GHz rectenna system for wireless power transmission applications. In one hand, a miniaturized 5.8 GHz circular polarized patch antenna has been designed and simulated by using the Advanced Design System (ADS). In the other hand, a rectifier structure has been investigated and optimized by the use of the Harmonic Balance method available in ADS. The circuit is based on 5 HSMS2820 Schottky diodes implemented in a voltage multiplier topology and a load resistance of 1 KOhm. Both of the structures have been validated by simulation and experimental results and good agreement has been concluded.
A 2.45/5.8 GHz high-efficiency dual-band rectifier for low radio frequency i...IJECEIAES
This article proposes a concurrent rectifier for radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting from the popular ambient RF sources wireless fidelity (WiFi) 2.45 and 5.8 GHz bands. A voltage doubler-based converter circuit with the Schottky SMS7630 diode is used, this chosen diode has shown good results for low power levels. To ameliorate the resulting circuit, we used an interdigital capacitor (IDC) instead of a lumped component; and then we added a filter to reject the 3rd harmonics of each operating frequency. A dual-band impedance transformer with a direct current (DC) block function is used and optimized at low input power points for more harvested DC power. The final circuit was, therefore, more efficient and more reliable. The maximum conversion efficiencies obtained from the resulting circuit are about 60.321% for 2.45 GHz and 47.175% for 5.8 GHz at 2 dBm of input power. Compared to other previous rectifiers presented in the literature, our proposed circuit presents high efficiencies at low power levels and at these operating frequencies.
Design of Ota-C Filter for Biomedical ApplicationsIOSR Journals
Abstract-This paper presents design of operational transconductance amplifier is to amplify the ECG signal
having low frequency of 300Hz, with the supply voltage of 0.8v. To reduce the power dissipation of 779nW, by
using fifth order low pass filter. The OTA-C filter is to eliminate noise voltage and increases the reliability of
the system. A chip is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process is simulated and measured to validate the system
performance using HSPICE.
Hysteresis SVM for Coupled Inductor Z Source Diode Clamped 3-Level Inverter B...IAES-IJPEDS
Due to its advantages such as it can defeat problems such as leakage current
and insertion of DC in the grid and provides low stress on power devices,
Diode-clamped three-level inverter (DCTLI) is habitually used in
transformerless photovoltaic (PV) connected to grid network. But it still has
a problem of shoot-through which dwells in its legs, so its operation not
reliable. Z source network is employed to permit operation without shoot
through risk and improve its reliability. Coupled inductors are replaced the
line transformers in to attain lower cost, reduced size, and improved its
reliability and efficiency. Coupled inductor which avoids leakage current
problem and losses. It employs coupled inductor z source diode clamped
three level inverter (CI-Z-DC-TLI) to boost the voltage and further progress
the consistency of the proposed system by avoiding the shoot through the
problem. The proposed system assures that common-mode voltage
and shoot-through risk is avoided. Moreover, controlling DC-TLI with
Hysteresis SVM algorithm which improves output voltage and current
control. Simulation and experimental results of this proposed system were
analyzed using MATLAB environment and FPGA hardware.
Design, Development and Simulation of Front End Electronics for Nuclear Detec...ijtsrd
Design, Development and Simulation of Front end Electronics for nuclear detectors Preamplifier Amplifier Shaper Discriminator has been presented in this article. The Nuclear Detector Signal Channel NDSC comprises of charge sensitive preamplifier, single stage gain amplifier, CR RC shaping amplifier and integral discriminator. The charge sensitive preamplifier feedback circuit has 1M resistor and 10 pF capacitor that gives its decay time constant t of 10 µs. The gain of amplifier used in this channel is 51. Shaping amplifier which is the combination of high pass and low pass filter with equal time constant t1=t2=t of 5 µs to increase the signal to noise ratio. Single ended or integral discriminator function is to eliminate the system noise and pulse height discrimination. The NDSC has been designed and verified in Proteus 7.7 simulation platform. And the simulation results have been presented to show the performance and characteristics of the channel. M. N. Islam | M. S. Alam | S. Sultana | H. Akhter | M. A. S. Haque "Design, Development and Simulation of Front-End Electronics for Nuclear Detectors: Preamplifier-Amplifier-Shaper-Discriminator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52588.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52588/design-development-and-simulation-of-frontend-electronics-for-nuclear-detectors-preamplifieramplifiershaperdiscriminator/m-n-islam
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
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The main objective of this project is to develop a device for wireless power transfer. The concept of wireless power transfer was realized by Nikolas tesla. Wireless power transfer can make a remarkable change in the field of the electrical engineering which eliminates the use conventional copper cables and current carrying wires.
Based on this concept, the project is developed to transfer power within a small range. This project can be used for charging batteries those are physically not possible to be connected electrically such as pace makers (An electronic device that works in place of a defective heart valve) implanted in the body that runs on a battery.
The patient is required to be operated every year to replace the battery. This project is designed to charge a rechargeable battery wirelessly for the purpose. Since charging of the battery is not possible to be demonstrated, we are providing a DC fan that runs through wireless power.
This project is built upon using an electronic circuit which converts AC 230V 50Hz to AC 12V, High frequency. The output is fed to a tuned coil forming as primary of an air core transformer. The secondary coil develops a voltage of HF 12volt.
Thus the transfer of power is done by the primary(transmitter) to the secondary that is separated with a considerable distance(say 3cm). Therefore the transfer could be seen as the primary transmits and the secondary receives the power to run load.
Moreover this technique can be used in number of applications, like to charge a mobile phone, iPod, laptop battery, propeller clock wirelessly. And also this kind of charging provides a far lower risk of electrical shock as it would be galvanically isolated.
Similar to ENERGY HARVESTING USING SLOT ANTENNA AT 2.4 GHZ (20)
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
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1. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
DOI: 10.5121/jant.2016.2201 1
ENERGY HARVESTING USING SLOT
ANTENNA AT 2.4 GHZ
P. Viji, P.Nagasaratha and R.Sriranjini
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P. A. College of
Engineering and Technology, Pollachi.
ABSTRACT
Slot antenna is designed with microstrip feed line for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications.
The first patch is designed as a rectangular shape and the other is designed as an inverted L shape. The
antenna is printed on a FR4 substrate with a thickness of 0.8mm and relative permittivity of 4.6.The
resulting antenna is found to have a compact size of 22.75x22mm2
. It offers dual band characteristics with -
10dB return loss and it radiates in omnidirectional pattern. The antenna receives RF signals which are
converted into DC power by connecting it through the matching circuit, rectifier and voltage multiplier.
Matching circuit is needed for matching the impedance of the antenna and the impedance of the rectifier.
Rectifier uses schottky diode (HSMS 2850) which has high switching speed and low forward voltage
convert the input RF signal received by the antenna into suitable DC supply voltage. The produced DC
voltage can be doubled by using voltage doubler. The output power from the voltage doubler is given to
low power devices for charging. These designs are simulated by using ADS 2011 (Advanced Designs
System) software.
Keywords
Energy harvesting, Rectenna, Wireless sensor networks.
1. INTRODUCTION
Life without electricity is unimaginable nowadays. Electricity has become part of our lives. The
demand for electricity has become very high in recent days and hence the electricity generated by
different way of energy harvesting methods. A technology of capturing and storing the energy
from external sources is known as Energy harvesting. Energy harvesters take energy from sources
present around us and so free for user. The Energy harvesting sources are wind, solar,
thermoelectric, heel strike, vibration, temperature gradient, electromagnetic, push buttons,
acoustic, radio frequency, etc. Radio wave is present in our daily lives in the form of signal
transmission from TV, Radio, Wireless LAN, Mobile phone etc. The wireless sources transmit
very high energy but the receivers take in only small amount energy from those wireless sources.
Rest of energy is wasted. This energy wasted can be harvested to generate electricity.
The design challenges addressed here are:
1) Matching the antenna to receive energy as much as possible and efficiently passing
the energy to the voltage doubler.
2. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
2
2) Increasing the resulting signal so that it could charge a low power device.
To meet the first challenge schottky diode with low turn on voltage are used for rectification. The
second challenge is met by lowering the recharge voltage as much as possible. This includes
unique flexible cell based on Ruthenium oxide/zinc redox whose recharging voltage is less than
1.2V. During energy harvesting the capacitors are charged in parallel, creating an output voltage
equal to sum of input voltage and voltages of charged capacitors. This output voltage is sufficient
to charge a battery and provides power for the system.
Figure 1. Block diagram for Energy Harvesting
2. SLOT ANTENNA DESIGN
The slot antennas can be fed by micro strip line, slot line and CPW. Slot antennas are popular
omnidirectional microwave antennas. This antenna gives omnidirectional gain around the
azimuth with horizontal polarization. Slot antennas give wider bandwidth, lower dispersion and
lower radiation loss compared to micro strip antennas. The numerical simulation and analysis for
the antennas was performed using software package of the Advanced Design System (ADS).
Front view of the proposed antenna structure comprises of two elements. The first element is
designed as rectangular shape with (Wp1xLp1) 15.5x2.75mm2
dimensions, the second element is
designed as an inverted L shape consisting of Wp2, Lp2L and Lp2S (9.1mm, 16.35mm, 2mm)
dimensions. The ground plane consists of two parts connected to each other to form the L shape.
The dimensions of the horizontal part of the ground plane are (Wgp1xLgp1) 9.55x3.25mm2, the
dimensions of the vertical part are (Wgp2xLgp2) 3.5x8.35mm2
. The total size of the antenna is
25.75x22mm2
, which is printed on an FR4 substrate with 0.8mm thickness and relative
permittivity of 4.6.[4]
3. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
3
Figure 2. (a) Front view (b) Bottom view
3. MATCHING CIRCUIT
Matching circuit is essential for the power from antenna to be transmitted to the rectifier
completely without any return loss. Matching circuit is needed for matching the impedance of
antenna and the impedance of the rectifier. Matching can be obtained when the source impedance
and the load impedance are equal:
ZS=ZL
*
(1)
Where * indicates complex conjugate.
Figure 3. Basic Matching Scheme
4. ENERGY CONVERSION MODULE
A conventional rectenna consists of a mesh of dipoles that capture microwave energy and a
Schottky diode for the rectification. Several types of rectenna elements are available for the last
few recent years. The antenna can be of any type, like dipole, Yagi-Uda, microstrip, monopole,
loop, coplanar patch, spiral, and even parabolic. The rectenna can have any type of rectifying
circuit, such as a single shunt full-wave rectifier, a full-wave bridge rectifier, or another type of
hybrid rectifier. The most common rectifying circuit is a single diode in a serial configuration .It
4. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
4
can also use a half-wave parallel rectifier, a voltage doubler structure to double the output DC
voltage, or a dual-diode full-wave rectifier to increase the conversion efficiency. The function of
energy conversion module is to convert the RF signals energy to DC voltage to energise the low
power devices. The energy conversion module consists of rectifier and voltage doubler. A half-
bridge rectifier consists of one low threshold schottky diode, used to minimize the losses through
the device at high frequency. The rectifier consists of schottky diode which has the following
features: low substrate leakage and very fast switching. The voltage doubler circuit can be
designed using two diodes and two capacitors. The function of voltage doubler is to doubles the
peak to peak voltage of RF signal. It is arranged in cascade to increase the output voltage.
Additional diodes and capacitors can be connected to obtain voltage multiplier. The DC output
from the voltage multiplier is given to low power devices. Basic voltage doubler rectifier is made
up of two diodes and two capacitors. The schottky two diodes are connected in series, oriented so
that forward current can only flow from the ground potential to the positive terminal of the output
voltage Vout. The capacitor prevents the DC current from flowing into the circuit. It stores the
charge and permits the high frequency currents to flow and The second capacitor stores the
resulting charge to smooth the output voltage Vout. Essentially, the circuit is a charge-pump
structure. The capacitor and diode make up a dc-level shifter, and the second capacitor and diode
form a peak detector [2].
4.1 Circuit Diagram
Figure 4. Circuit diagram for energy harvesting
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Return loss is the loss of signal power occurred due to reflection caused by the discontinuity in a
transmission line. It is usually expressed in decibels (dB).
RL (dB) = 10log10P incident wave/P reflected wave (2)
The S11 represents how much power is reflected from the antenna. When the return loss is 0 dB,
no reflection occurs, so the RF signal of particular frequency is completely absorbed by the
antenna.
5. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
5
Figure 5. Simulated return loss of antenna
Figure 6. Radiation pattern of the antenna
Figure 7. Gain and directivity
Smith chart matching is used to design the matching circuit. With the help of the smith chart,
matching circuit is obtained with transmission line values generated by software.
6. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
6
Figure 8. Results of impedance on smith chart for matching network
Figure 9. Results of return loss for matching network.
The output voltage is obtained by the simulation of the energy harvesting circuit. In this imulation
only the peak point is considered as the maximum DC voltage.
Figure: 10 Frequencies vs. Input Voltage
7. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
7
Figure: 11 Frequencies vs. output voltage
The rectified DC current is obtained for the input RF current by the simulation of the energy
harvesting circuit.In this simulation, the maximum current 0.627mA is obtained at frequency
2.4GHz
Figure 12 Frequencies vs. Input Current
8. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
8
Figure: 13 Frequencies vs. Output Current
The maximum output power 9.847mW is obtained by simulating Energy harvesting circuit at
input frequency 2.4GHz. At varies frequency varies output power can be obtained.
Figure: 14 Frequencies vs. input power
Figure:15 Frequencies vs. output power
9. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
9
Table: 1 Output voltage, current and power for single stage voltage doubler rectifier
Frequency Output Output Output Output
GHz Voltage Voltage in Power Current
in mV dBm (µW) (mA)
2.3 17 91.548 11.09 0.661
2.35 16.4 91.957 10.44 0.646
2.4 16.2 92.351 9.847 0.627
2.45 15.5 92.731 9.306 0.610
2.5 15.1 93.099 8.809 0.593
6. CONCLUSION
As a recent mobile phones development from wireless analog telephones to handheld computers,
users wants more and more energy-consuming features, such as web browsing, videos, gaming,
and email, while still requiring extended battery life. Semiconductor manufacturers develop
energy-saving techniques to make it all possible. They have been wildly successful and also used
in wireless sensor networks. Antenna is the main component of rectenna, the modification on its
design can give a compact size, suppress unwanted harmonics, and provide frequency and
polarization diversity. Slot antenna, matching network and energy conversion module are
designed and simulated using Advanced Design System 2011 software for wireless
communication network at 2.4 GHz. The minimum return loss of -10dB is obtained at 2.4 GHz.
By using the impedance matching S parameter the input impedance of the rectifier is matched
with the antenna feed impedance. The output power obtained is 9.851µW. Design of slot antenna
and transmission line matching circuit for matching the antenna impedance with the rectifier
impedance by using smith chart are studied using ADS software.
REFERENCES
[1] Anujin Lenin, Abarna.P, (2014) “Design and simulation of energy harvesting system using GSM
signal”, International Journal of latest trends in Engineering and Technology(IJLTET), Vol. 3, issue 4
[2] Sika Shrestha,1 Sun-Kuk Noh,2 and Dong-You Choi1 (2013)”Comparative Study of Antenna
Designs for RF Energy Harvesting”.
[3] Din.N.M, Chakrabarty.C.K, Bin Ismail.A, (2012) “Design of RF energy harvesting system for
energizing low power devices” Progress in Electromagnetic Research, Vol. 132,pp 49-69.
[4] Gai.S, .Jiao.Y.-C, Yang.Y-B, Li.C.-Y and Gong.J.-G, (2010) “Design of a novel microstrip fed dual-
band slot antenna for WLAN application”, Progress in Electromagnetic Research Letter, Vol. 13,
pp75-81.
[5] Sun.J.S, Lee.Y.C, Chen.R.H, (2009) “Design of a Compact Dual-Band Loop-Slot Antenna”, Vol. 23.
10. International Journal of Antennas (JANT) Vol.2, No.2, April 2016
10
[6] Wei zhao, Kwangsik choi, Scott Bauman, Thomas salter, Zeynep Dilli and Martin peckerar, (2012)
“A Radio frequency energy harvesting scheme for use in low power and Ad Hoc distributed
networks” IEEE Transactions on circuit and system, Vol 59,
[7] Zhi Wei Sim, Roger Shuttleworth, Bruce Grieve, (2009) “Investigation of PCB Microstrip Patch
Receiving Antenna for Outdoor RF Energy Harvesting in Wireless Sensor Networks”, Vol. 16.
[8] Zied Harouni, Lotfi Osman and Ali Gharsallah, (2010) “Efficient 2.45GHz rectenna design with high
harmonic rejection for wireless power transmission”, Vol 7, issue 5.
AUTHORS
Viji .P received the B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Kongu Engineering
College, Bharathiyar University, in 2004. She received M.E degree in Power Electronics and
Drives from Government College of Engineering, Anna University, in 2006. She is currently
working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, P.A.
College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. She has more than 8 years of experience in
teaching. She has attended many workshops, seminars and FDPs. She has presented many papers
in national conferences & published papers in International journals. She is a Life member of
IETE and ISTE. Her area of interest includes Digital Image and signal processing, antenna design.
Nagasaratha .P received the B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering from
Government college of Engineering College, Bharathiyar, in 1997. She received M.E degree in
Power Electronics and Drives , Sri Ramakrishna Engineering College,Anna University, in 2006.
She is currently working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication
Engineering, P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. She has more than 10 years
of experience in teaching. She has attended many workshops, seminars and FDPs. She has
presented many papers in national conferences & published papers in International journals. She
is a Life member of IETE and ISTE. Her area of interest includes Digital Image and signal
processing.
R.Sriranjini received the B.E. in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Sasurie
College of Engineering Anna University, in 2010. She received M.E degree in Applied
Electronics, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology. Anna University, in 2012. She is currently
working as Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
P.A. College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. She has more than 4 years of experience
in teaching. She has attended many workshops, seminars and FDPs. She has presented many
papers in national conferences & published papers in International journals. She is a Life
member of IETE and ISTE. Her area of interest includes Digital Image and signal processing.