The document presents the remodelling of a school building in Pakistan to achieve net zero energy levels. It discusses analyzing the existing building, applying various retrofitting techniques like improving insulation, installing solar panels, using efficient lighting and an exterior shading system. This would reduce the building's cooling load from 303 to 105 tons and electricity load from 830 to 342 KWh. A 3D model of the proposed retrofitted building is also presented, which if implemented could help make the building more energy efficient and environmentally friendly.

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2. DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURAL ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY LAHORE, PAKISTAN
2
LEVEL-3
PRESENTATION
Remodelling of a school building to achieve
Net Zero Energy level
GROUP MEMBERS:
2014-AE-30
2014-AE-35
2014-AE-46
ADVISOR:
Prof. Dr. Sajjad Mubeen

3. Presentation Layout
• Problem Statement
• Scope
• Objective
• Methodology
• Literature review
• Remodeling
• Conclusion
• References
3

4. Problem Statement
4
 Wastage of energy leads to over budget situation.
 Use of renewable energy sources.
 Awareness in public about Energy Conservation.
 Net zero energy buildings are long lasting.

5. Scope of the project
By handling the following section
 Building orientation
 Insulation
 Landscape planning
 Material selection
 Electricity load
 Awareness in Public
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6. Objective
 To develop a better understanding of all the
techniques and materials used in the construction of
a Net zero energy building.
 To insulate the building envelope in order to reduce
the cooling load.
 To plan the landscape to make the environmental
friendly.
 Awareness in public about energy conservation.
6

7. METHODOLOGY
7
Literature review
Case studies
Analysis
Applying the
techniques
Conclusion

8. 8
Literature Review
Landscape
planning
• High trees on east
and west side to
block solar
radiation and
deciduous trees
are provided on
south to allow
winter sun
Water bodies
• Absorb heat and
cool air by
evaporation
Day lighting
• Diffused sunlight
allows light but
not heat
Minni Mehrotra Research Associates, TERI Center of Research on
Sustainable Building Design in August 2005

9. Solar panels
• Utilization of
solar
radiations
Solar
architecture
• Minimum
exposure to
sun light
Material
selection
• Materials
with reusable
and recyclable
potential
9

10. CASE STUDIES

11. Sandy Grove Middle School, Lumber
Bridge, NC
• Building Size: 76,000sft Construction Year: 2013
• Unique tree-like photovoltaic sculptures.
• Generate 30% more energy than the building
uses each year.
• Reduced energy demand by 40% and
consumption by 20%, particularly during peak
demand hours.
• Savings result in an estimated energy cost
savings of $16 million over 40 years.
11

12. 12

13. Willow School
• Building Size: 20,000 SF Construction Year: 2014
• Abundant access to natural light, fresh air
• Exceptional indoor air quality produces more energy than it
consumes through its use of 500 rooftop solar panels
• On-site water treatment.
• The building functions as a living organism such as a tree,
harvesting and producing all of its energy from the sun and
collecting only as much rain water as it needs.
• The building uses natural day lighting and 100 percent
renewable solar electric power from a rooftop photovoltaic
array
• Produces over 75,000 more kWh of electricity annually than
it uses.
13

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15. Brock Environmental Center
• Building Size: 10,500 SF Construction Year: 2014
• Achieved LEEDs Platinum
• It produces 83% more energy than it uses.
• It captures and treats rainfall for use as drinking
water.
• The building also uses 90% less water than a typical
office building of its size.
• With its solar panels and wind turbines producing
nearly twice as much energy as the building has
used.
15

16. 16

17. Oberlin College Lewis Center
• Building Size: 13600 SF Construction Year: 2000
• Daylit by a south-facing curtain wall, open atrium,
and extensive exterior and interior windows.
• Fresh air is ensured
• Low-VOC paints, adhesives, carpet, and fabrics were
specified throughout the building.
• A "Living Machine" collects and treats all
wastewater from the bathrooms and kitchen. The
treated water is then reused in toilets
• Energy-efficient design include a long east-west
orientation.
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19. BUILDING SELECTED

20. 20
THE PUNJAB SCHOOL
Kot Khwaja Saeed, Lahore

21. We have done a survey and observe
o The orientation of the building.
o The design of façade.
o Material used on the façade.
o Placement of windows
o The type of fixtures for lighting
o Size and placement of windows
21

22. • The front of the building is facing towards north east
direction
• The material used on the façade is red brick
• The windows are provided on the all four sides
with the dimension of 4’x4’ without glazing.
22

23. The area provided for landscape is mostly in the
north east direction 23

24. Maximum heat gain
North east 67037.71
South west 84435.84
North west 90836.98
South east 72050.16

25. Cooling load of existing building
• The total cooling load calculated from “Ecotect
Analysis 2011” comes out to be “330 tons”

26. Techniques applied in the building

27. Orientation
• The orientation best suits according to the
climatic conditions of Lahore is “NORTH EAST”

28. Landscape
Landscape is provided on
all the sides which
absorbs the heat coming
from the sun and reduce
the heat gain by the
building
The trees having one year
growth span is used
e.g(khair/Kathe, Rukh e
zard)

29. Insulation
• Double glaze window
• jumbolon insulation
• Paints
• Plants

30. Wall assembly
Existing With Retrofitting
Material
Thick
ness
Densit
y
U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
Outside
Plaster
10 1250 0.431 2.32
Brick 228 2000 0.711 1.406
Inside
Plaster
10 1250 0.431 2.32
Component
Thickne
ss
Density U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
Mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
Plaster 10 1250 0.52 1.92
Fiber Mesh 3 80 0.18 5.55
Insulation
material
25 30-40 0.016-0.030 33.13-62.5
Plaster 10 1250 0.52 1.92
Brick 228 2000 0.711 1.41
Plaster 10 1250 0.52 1.92

31. Roof assembly
Existing With retrofitting
Material
Thickne
ss
Density U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
Mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
Clay Tile 38 2760 0.950 1.05
Plaster 10 1250 0.52 1.92
Soil 76 1600 0.250 4
Polyethylen
e Sheet
1 950 0.414 2.42
Bitumen/Fel
t Layer
3 1700 0.500 2
Concrete
1:2:4
127 950 1.046 0.96
Plaster 10 1250 0.52 1.92
Material
Thickne
ss
Density U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
Clay Tile 38 1900 0.950 1.05
Plaster 10 1200 0.52 1.92
Soil 76 1600 0.250 4
Polyethylene
Sheet
1 950 0.414 2.42
insulation 25 30-40 0.016-0.03 33.3-62.5
Bitumen/Felt
Layer
3 1700 0.500 2
Concrete
MIX 1:2:4
127 2300 1.046 0.96
Plaster 10 1200 0.52 1.92

32. Existing
Window Glass
With retrofitting
Material
Thickness Density U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
glass 5mm 2300 5.440 0.96
Material
Thickness Density U-Value
Thermal
Resistance
mm kg/m3 W/(m2.K) (m2.K)/W
glass 5 2300 5.440 0.96
Gap 25 1.3 5.560 0.18
glass 5 2300 5.440 0.96

33. Paints
• Reflected paint
• Weather sheet (80%reflection)
• Costs 43200 pkr

34. Plants
• Acacia catechu
(khair/Kathe)
evergreen in May,
June, July. 10-12
meters
• Acacia retinodes
(Rukh e zard)
evergreen all year 14-
16 meters

35. Available Retrofitting Materials
• Extruded Polyethylene (EPE)
• Extruded Polystyrene (EPS)
• Polyurethane (PU)
• Double glazed glass (DGG)

36. Extruded Polyethylene insulation
Properties
•Cell structure is very fine
•Excellent UV-resistance
•Thermal resistant(U=0.030)
•Excellent chemical resistance
•Smooth exterior finish
•Non toxic
•Water resistant
•Normally density is 30 kg/m3
Brands of
insulation
•Diamond jambolon
roll.

37. Extruded Polystyrene insulation
Properties
•Closed very fine cell structure
•Thermal resistant(U=0.026)
•Normally density is 32 kg/m3
•Resistance to thermal cycle
•High resistance to moisture
penetration
•UV- resistance
Brands of insulation
•Diamond jumbolon board
•Insugreen XPS insulation board
•Master insulation board

38. Polyurethane insulation
Properties
•Closed 93 % cell structure
•Normal density is 32kg/m3
•Thermal resistant( U=0.016)
•Cumbustible
•Water resistant
•Chemical resistant
•Most effective insulation as
compare to other two.
Brands of insulation
•Diamond jumbolon spray
•Master polyurethane spray

39. Double glazed glass
Properties
•Thermal resistant (U= 2.710)
•Brittle
•Reduce noise
Brands of insulation
•Mid land glazing

40. Lighting fixtures
Tubelight
• 60 watts
• 4000 hours
lifespan
• 200pkr/tube
light
LED lights
• 12 watts
• 25000 hours
lifespan
• 185pkr/LED
light

41. Lighting fixtures
Tubelight
• 0.6
KWH/day
LED lights
• 0.12
KWH/day
1 tube light = 2 LED lights

42. Materials
On façade
• The reflecting paint on façade
On roof
• White paint on roof (reduces maximum heat
gain)
Windows
• Aluminium double glaze windows ( ½” argon
space)

43. Solar panels
• Efficient
• Maximum power output
• 10 years+ product warranty
• Can bear snow or wind load

44. Types of solar panels
• Monocrystalline solar panel
• Polycrystalline solar panel
• Thin film solar panel

45. Why Monocrystalline solar panels?
• 15%-20% efficient
• Space efficient (highest power output)
• Durable (25 years warranty)
• 4 times more durable than thin film or
polycrystalline solar panels
• If partially covered working will stop
• More efficiently work in warm weather.
• Expensive
• 250W costs 15000pkr

46. EXTERIOR SHADING

47. Why is an exterior shading system
more effective than an interior one?
An interior shading system can:
• allow solar energy to pass through
• absorb solar energy
• reflect solar energy back through the glazing.
Exterior shading prevents a large part of the sun’s
energy from reaching the glazing and entering
the building..
If the solar energy does not get into the building, it
does not have to be dealt with.

48. What are the main benefits of an
exterior shading system?
• reduction in HVAC requirements.
• natural day lighting
• comfortable working conditions which can lead to
increased productivity.
• A good shading system manages both heat and
glare
• using exterior shading systems can significantly
contribute to a building’s appearance

49. Shading Louvers
• designed to reduce heat gains and glare whilst
maximizing the use of natural daylight

50. Types of shading louvers
Shadoglass
Glass with
various colors,
surface
finishes,
patterns and
coatings
Shadovoltaic
Glass with
photovoltaic
cells n
Shadotex
Textile
fabrics
Shadoprism
Non-
specular
prisms
Shadotimber
Timber wood

51. Shadovoltaic louvers
• external fixed or moveable photovoltaic solar
shading louver system
• designed to reduce heat gains and glare where
as maximizing the use of natural daylight
• generating electricity by means of integrated
photovoltaic (PV) cells

52. Installation
• PV cells are integrated into the glass of the
shading louvers
• by attaching them to the reverse side of the glass
panels or by laminating them between two
sheets of glass.
• installed either vertically or on the façade or on
the roof with the help of aluminum brackets.
• It can be either fixed or controllable.

53. Thermal storage
• The slab thickness is reduced to 5” to avoid
thermal storage
• For flooring clay tiles having R-value 1.5 is used.

54. Water storage

55. water storage
According to this idea the pipe
collects the rain water which
later can be used for plantation
or other purposes.
The water from Air
Conditioners can be used
for plantation, cleaning or
car washing etc

56. WATER TREATEMENT

57. Solar sterilization
• the cheapest way to treat
water is to leave it in a plastic
bottle in the sunlight. Leave
clear bottles in the sun for
a few hours and the UV
radiation and heat kills the
microbes that cause diarrhea
and other waterborne illness.

58. Solar sterilization
• A jerry-can-like container with a built-in
thermal indicator that lets drinkers know when
the water is safe to drink.
• The Solvatten container opens like a book to
expose the water inside to sunlight through clear
plastic panels.
• The amount of sun exposure that a bottle needs
varies by the amount of sunlight available.

60. Treated water
• WATER treated by this method can be reused in
watering plants, washing cars, cleaning or in
washrooms

61. Purposed 3D model

62. Purposed 3D model

63. Purposed 3D model

64. By applying all the above techniques
Before
• 303 tonns
After
• 105 tonns
The following changes are observed.
Cooling load

65. Electricity load
Before
• 830 KWh
After
• 342 KWh

66. Use of panels
• The electricity load is controlled by using solar
panels.
• Provided on the roof and in the louvers

67. Choices
• Do not make ECONOMICAL choices only.
• Make ENVIRONMENTAL choices
• Economy will only exist if SOCIETY exits
67

68. Reference
• Dr. Noman Ali Shah (USAID)
• Mr. Hassan Sarmad Tossy (Director Architecture
LDA)
• Mr. Nissar Mohaiuddin (GM Diamond
Jumbolon)
68

69. References
• cwhr.gov.pk
• Treasury Malaysia Conclusions in November 2008
• The constructor specifier
• International conference on energy conservation and efficiency
• Engineering for change
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70. REFERENCES
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