Taking into account the importance of the Energy Efficiency (EE), especially the one referring to the single-phase electric power, of domiciliary and commercial consumption. The problem of the environmental impact (carbon footprint) that is being generated, means an opportunity for the development of more efficient products in the consumption of electric energy (final objective). In clear orientation with this ethical line of Dis. Ind., We worked with our own Ecodesing methodology, focused on the fifth stage of life cycle analysis (LCA): efficient use of electric energy. The purpose was to develop a synchronous motor of type PMSM of 220 (volts), 50 (Hz) of alternating current (AC); to be used in fans, air conditioners and other cooling systems: air forcers, etcetera. The main result obtained was the reduction of 52% of the active power (W), without loss of speed (revolutions per minute) of the blades. As a final conclusion we can say that there was a saving of 58% consumption of active electric power (kWh).

1. ISSN printed: 1657 - 4583. ISSN on line: 2145 –
I. Anderson, “Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single
18, no. 4, pp. 57-70, 2019. doi: 10.18273/revuin.v18n4
UIS Engineering Magazine
Magazine page:
Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single
motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type
1
Category III Researcher, CyT-FBA-UNLP Secr
Plata, Argentine Republic.
Received: January 17, 2019.
Abstract
Taking into account the importance of the Energy Efficiency (EE), especially the one referring to the single
electric power, of domiciliary and commercial consumption. The problem of the environmental impact (carbon
footprint) that is being generated, means an opportunity for the development of more efficient products in the
consumption of electric energy (final objective). In clear orientation with this ethical line of Dis. Ind., We worked
with our own Ecodesing methodology, fo
energy. The purpose was to develop a synchronous motor of type PMSM of 220 (volts), 50 (Hz) of alternating
current (AC); to be used in fans, air conditioners and other cooling
obtained was the reduction of 52% of the active power (W), without loss of speed (revolutions per minute) of the
blades. As a final conclusion we can say that there was a saving of 58% consumption of active
Keywords: energy efficiency, electric power,
1. Introducción
According to the World Energy Outlook 2017 [1]
published by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
there are some trends in the global energy system,
where electric motors will represent a third of the
increase in demand for electric energy. This increase
means that millions of homes will add appliances and
refrigeration systems. Recently the Agency published a
very complete study [2] on the situation of the use of air
conditioning in the world, where it is detailed that its
use together with electric fans to keep an environment
cool, represents almost 20% of the total electricity used
in buildings around the world today.
Recently the Agency published a very complete study [2]
on the situation of the use of air conditioning in the world,
where it is detailed that its use together with electric fans
8456, CC BY-ND 4.0
Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single-phase motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type
10.18273/revuin.v18n4-2019005
Vol. 18, n.º 4, pp. 57-70, 2019
UIS Engineering Magazine
: revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistauisingenierias
Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single
motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type
Anderson, Ibar Federico
1
UNLP Secretariat, Department of Industrial Design, National University of La Plata.
Plata, Argentine Republic. Email: ianderson@empleados.fba.unlp.edu.ar
Received: January 17, 2019. Accepted: May 11, 2019. Final version: August 5, 2019
aking into account the importance of the Energy Efficiency (EE), especially the one referring to the single
electric power, of domiciliary and commercial consumption. The problem of the environmental impact (carbon
that is being generated, means an opportunity for the development of more efficient products in the
consumption of electric energy (final objective). In clear orientation with this ethical line of Dis. Ind., We worked
with our own Ecodesing methodology, focused on the fifth stage of life cycle analysis (LCA): efficient use of electric
energy. The purpose was to develop a synchronous motor of type PMSM of 220 (volts), 50 (Hz) of alternating
current (AC); to be used in fans, air conditioners and other cooling systems: air forcers, etcetera. The main result
obtained was the reduction of 52% of the active power (W), without loss of speed (revolutions per minute) of the
blades. As a final conclusion we can say that there was a saving of 58% consumption of active electric power (kWh).
lectric power, AC machine, synchronous machine, fan
According to the World Energy Outlook 2017 [1]
published by the International Energy Agency (IEA)
there are some trends in the global energy system,
represent a third of the
increase in demand for electric energy. This increase
means that millions of homes will add appliances and
refrigeration systems. Recently the Agency published a
very complete study [2] on the situation of the use of air
ng in the world, where it is detailed that its
use together with electric fans to keep an environment
cool, represents almost 20% of the total electricity used
Recently the Agency published a very complete study [2]
the situation of the use of air conditioning in the world,
where it is detailed that its use together with electric fans
to keep an environment cool, represents almost 20% of the
total electricity used in buildings around the world today.
In the Argentine Republic, CAMMESA annual reports:
2007/16 [3] indicate that during that period there was a
45% increase in electricity consumption in all sectors,
which means a problem in generation and transmission.
Therefore, it becomes a necessity all the measures th
be taken in the sense of Energy Efficiency (EE) [4]; which
on the other hand means an opportunity for the design and
development of more efficient industrial products in the
consumption of electric energy. In clear orientation with
the ethical line of carbon footprint reduction.
The carbon footprint is known as greenhouse gases
(GHG) emitted by direct or indirect effect of an
individual, organization, event or product. Such
environmental impact is measured by conducting a
GHG emissions inventory or a life cycle analysis (LCA)
phase motors 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), PMSM type” Rev. UIS Ing., vol.
Energy efficiency improvements (EE) in synchronous single-phase
, National University of La Plata. La
, 2019
aking into account the importance of the Energy Efficiency (EE), especially the one referring to the single-phase
electric power, of domiciliary and commercial consumption. The problem of the environmental impact (carbon
that is being generated, means an opportunity for the development of more efficient products in the
consumption of electric energy (final objective). In clear orientation with this ethical line of Dis. Ind., We worked
cused on the fifth stage of life cycle analysis (LCA): efficient use of electric
energy. The purpose was to develop a synchronous motor of type PMSM of 220 (volts), 50 (Hz) of alternating
systems: air forcers, etcetera. The main result
obtained was the reduction of 52% of the active power (W), without loss of speed (revolutions per minute) of the
electric power (kWh).
to keep an environment cool, represents almost 20% of the
total electricity used in buildings around the world today.
e Republic, CAMMESA annual reports:
2007/16 [3] indicate that during that period there was a
45% increase in electricity consumption in all sectors,
which means a problem in generation and transmission.
Therefore, it becomes a necessity all the measures that can
be taken in the sense of Energy Efficiency (EE) [4]; which
on the other hand means an opportunity for the design and
development of more efficient industrial products in the
consumption of electric energy. In clear orientation with
of carbon footprint reduction.
The carbon footprint is known as greenhouse gases
(GHG) emitted by direct or indirect effect of an
individual, organization, event or product. Such
environmental impact is measured by conducting a
a life cycle analysis (LCA)

2. 2
I. Anderson 4
[5], in English: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [6].
Following regulations such as the one adopted in
Spanish UNE-EN ISO 14040 [7], based on the
international standard ISO 14044 [8].
This information has been obtained from the Ecodesign
Postgraduate Course, by Ing. Guillermo Canale et al.,
Department of Industrial Design, National University of
La Plata, Argentina. In effect, the Ecodesign is a
methodological tool for the Industrial Design of
products.
1.2. Technological novelty and hypothesis in
Industrial Design
The novelty to build this technology less expensive
(economically) and less complex (electronically) is to
use other technologies previously existing in the market
and recombine them in a new way (novel, original) in
such a way that the definition of novelty of the Invention
Patent Law (Law 24481), and utility models; as the Law
in the Republic of Argentina states: “d) There will be
inventive activity when the creative process or its results
are not deduced from the state of the art in an evident
way for a person normally versed in the corresponding
technical matter.” [9, Article 4 °, Inc. D]
Indeed, the novelty is that the abundant bibliography of
electrical engineering and electrical machines, says that
the so-called speed control circuits of a-synchronous (or
asynchronous) induction electric motors of medium and
low power alternating current (AC), They are made by
electronic devices of semiconductor materials. From a
nominal power of 300 (W) to 5000 (W), the induction
motors (a-synchronous) that can be controlled
correspond to those of the type developed in the patent
No. 381,968 of Nikola Tesla, in the year: 1 of May 1888
[10].
The hypothesis that guides this work is based on the fact
that said electronic power control circuits by bi-
directional semiconductor materials (Triac) can be
applied to a-synchronous motors, but also to
synchronous (or synchronous) PMSM (Permanent)
motors. Magnet Synchronous Motor) or permanent
magnet synchronous motors; either of ferrite magnets of
4000 (Gauss) or rare earth neodymium (Nd2Fe14B) of
great intensity of magnetic field: between 12 and 14
thousand Gauss (1.2-1.4 Tesla).
This is the main novelty on which it bases the
hypothesis of technological development.
1.3. Degree of technological relevance
The Ministry of Energy of the Nation [11] in the
Republic of Argentina, has a Subsecretariat of Savings
and Energy Efficiency (EE) [12] created by Presidential
Decree 231/15 [13], which indicates the political and
strategic relevance that for the country it owns the EE,
to reduce the consumption of electrical energy.
Translated into policies [14] for intelligent use [15] and
responsible for energy in various areas such as:
education, productive sectors, building and public
sector, transportation, etc.
The national political and strategic importance is
manifested in an EE portal [16] on the government
website. Where is the label [17] of EE, IRAM Standard
62480: 2017, with useful advice for both the responsible
use (saving or reduction of energy consumption) and
efficient use (optimize the use of such energy, using the
same or less quantity). In other words, EE means
producing the same or more with less energy.
With a special section and an EE guide for electric
motors [18], which saves money and increases
competitiveness.
With a clear objective of incorporating EE into formal
education at the three mandatory levels (primary,
secondary and tertiary). Promote agreements and
agreements with universities, business chambers, civil
society organizations and all those institutions whose
objective is to improve the EE.
1.4. Degree of technological relevance
We measure the relevance of technological innovation
at the local level from the catalog for the National
Technological Innovation Contest: INNOVAR [19].
Dependent of the former Ministry of Science and
Technology of the Nation (MINCYT).
In 2017, the project was selected for the 2017 MINCYT
Tecnópolis Expo and was registered in the digital
catalog [20] and also on paper support.
Although there are no explicit plans and other
information on the project design, only the product
photos and a brief description, which guarantees -
according to Law 24481:
Article 5 - The disclosure of an invention will not
affect its novelty, when within one (1) year prior to
the date of filing of the patent application or, where
appropriate, of the recognized priority, the inventor

3. 3Turbo electric fan 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), Energy Efficient (EE)
or his successors have disclosed the invention by
any means of communication or exhibited in a
national or international exhibition. When the
corresponding application is submitted, the
supporting documentation must be included in the
conditions established by the regulations of this law.
[9, Article 5]
1.5. Product presentation (photos) of technological
innovation. INNOVAR 2017 Catalog, Ministry of
Science, Technology and Technological Innovation
(MINCyT) of the Nation
Figure 1. Catalog of the year 2017, of the National
INNOVAR 2017 Contest, MINCyT de la Nación. Argentinian
republic. Next to the 2nd prototype of the year 2018. Source:
own elaboration.
Figure 2. National Contest Catalog INNOVAR 2017,
MINCyT de la Nación. Source: digital catalog:
https://mia.gob.ar/uploads/innovate/catalogo_innovar_2017.pd
f
Figure 3. This photo is from the 1st prototype of the year
2017 and as such corresponds to the capture of the digital
catalog of the National INNOVAR 2017 Contest, MINCyT of
the Nation. Project ID: 21351 PMSM electric ecomotor
(reduces energy consumption), see link (pages 206-207):
https://mia.gob.ar/uploads/innovate/catalogo_innovar_2017.pd
f Source: own elaboration.
Figure 4. Photo of the 2nd prototype of the year 2018, the test
bench is observed, with laser photo-tachometer, power meter
or electric power consumption meter (kWh), wattmeter, True
RMS clamp meter (AC) and voltmeter of alternating current
(AC) True RMS. Source: self made.
2. Product development methodology
Following an Industrial Design methodology (Eco-
Design) combined with Mecatr., The distinct stages
were five:
1) Generation of the innovative idea (Industrial Design
concept argued from Physical Science: electricity and
magnetism) based on the use of thyristors as an
electronic foundation (Triacs).

4. 4
I. Anderson 4
3) The drawing and / or CAD design of the mechatronic
circuit (electrical and mechanical) regulated by an
electronic open loop control. Using R-L-C equivalent
electrical circuit design.
4) Computerized electronic simulation and use of digital
oscilloscopes by two (2) different software: Proteus /
ISIS Design Suite 8 and NI / Multisim 14.0.
Electromechanical problems related to motors, found in
the CAD simulation, are also discussed.
5) Manufacturing of Industrial Design of the first
prototype (2017) and experimentation (first tests, error
tests and verification of electrical, electromechanical
and electronic data).
6) Improvement: Manufacture of the second prototype,
improved (year 2018).
The activities carried out for the construction of the first
prototype were: to adopt a PMSM type synchronous
motor of 30 watts of nominal power (with rotor of
ferrite magnets) obtained from the stator of a washing
machine electric pump and attaching it to the vanes of a
rotor of an a-synchronous motor of shadow turns (or
spiral of fragger) of microwaves. It is controlled
Mechatronics with a Triac BT137 trigger power control,
capable of regulating up to 300 (W) of power. What
worked as a voltage wave attenuator (Volts) and current
intensity (Amps). With an adaptation as shown in the
following circuit drawing:
Figure 5. Drawing of an electronic R-L-C power control
circuit of the a-synchronous induction motor. Where the a-
synchronous motor must be replaced by a PMSM (Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor) synchronous motor or permanent
magnet synchronous motor. Source: Harper, G. in his book
The ABC of Electric Machines III. Installation and control of
AC motors.
The first prototype (2017) included visits to the test
benches of the Engineering laboratories (electrical and
mechatronics) of various National Universities: UNER
(National University of Entre Ríos, Concordia
headquarters, Province of Entre Ríos) and UTN
(Technological University National, Concordia
headquarters, Province of Entre Ríos), also to LIDDI
(Laboratory of the Department of Industrial Design of
the National University of La Plata, La Plata
headquarters, Province of Buenos Aires). All located in
the Argentine Republic. It was also discussed with
various professionals: electrical and electronic
engineers, industrial designers, undergraduate and
graduate university professors, and so on.
Specifically, for the development of the second
prototype (year 2018) a PMSM type synchronous motor
(with ferrite magnet magnet rotor), obtained from the
stator of a 65-watt dishwasher electric pump of nominal
power and Attach it to the blades of the same rotor of an
a-synchronous motor of shades of spiral (or spiral of
fragger) of microwaves.
Controlling it with the same trigger power electronics
by Triac BT137. As the typical bibliography - which is
abundant - of control of alternating current (AC) motors
describes it. In this work a specific author in control of
alternating current motors was used, as detailed below.
Indeed, the complete wave control by Triac, according
to Harper, G. in its Chapter 6: "Electronic control of
alternating current", from his book The ABC of electric
machines III. Installation and control of alternating
current motors [20], details the typical circuit used in
these cases (illustrated in Figure 5) [21].
What allows to control the wave of the alternating
current (AC): in tension (voltage) and intensity
(amperage) of the current.
There are many typical variants, analogous to the design
proposed in this work, for the design of these electrical /
electronic circuits that control a load (regardless of an a-
synchronous or synchronous induction motor), from 300
(W) to 5000 (W); recognized as various names as power
attenuators [22]. Sufficient power range for use in home
and / or commercial (non-industrial) appliances that
consume single-phase electricity.
Before building the prototype, the simulation was
carried out in Proteus Design Suite 8 CAD [23], an
electronic design automation software, developed by
Labcenter Electronics Ltd., consisting of the two main
programs: Ares and Isis, and the VSM module . The
ISIS Program, Intelligent Schematic Input System (or
Intelligent Scheme Routing System) allows you to
design the electrical / electronic circuit of the circuit that
you want to perform with very varied components as
shown below (Figure 6). Following some general
specifications for the design of this type of electrical /
electronic circuit.

5. 5Turbo electric fan 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), Energy Efficient (EE)
Figure 6. Design of the RLC electronic power control circuit
of the synchronous AC motor of the PMSM type (Permanent
Magnet Synchronous Motor) or synchronous permanent
magnet motor, with an impedance of 256 (Ω), simulated with
the Proteus Design Suite 8 CAD . The control is carried out by
a mechanical variable resistor (potentiometer), since the
resistance angle can be controlled by varying the resistance.
The source of fem (electro-motor force) of 220 (VAC), 50
(Hz) is observed, the Diac connected to the Triac BT stabilizes
the Triac BT 137. Source: own elaboration.
Figure 7. Proteus Design Suite 8 CAD software oscilloscope.
The clipped wave is observed. In this condition the Triac is
stabilized by the Diac. It is controlling the power of the
electric current (AC) to the load (PMSM motor) by switching
on and off during the positive and negative regions of the
input sinusoidal signal. Source: self made.
It should be clarified that due to the characteristics of
the type of circuit design that combines electronic
aspects (Diac and Triac) with electromechanics (motor),
there were problems with the use of simulation
software: Proteus Design Suite 8 CAD. This software is
well adapted for electrical and electronic simulation, but
not for electromechanical aspects in alternating current
(AC); Well, all the motors available in the software
package are for DC applications. So the load (load) was
simulated with an R (pure resistive) circuit equivalent to
the impedance of an R-L circuit of a synchronous (or
synchronous) motor.
On the other hand, the NI / Multisim 14.0 [24]
permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)
software was also searched, since it has a very good
application package for the design of alternating current
(AC) motors and as a factor In addition, its measuring
instruments are better for these types of development
applications, than are available for the Proteus Design
Suite 8 CAD.
The following illustrates the simulation achieved to be
displayed on the Agilent XSC 3 [25] oscilloscope of the
NI Multisim 14.0 software [26] and its electrical
measurements: energy, power, voltage and intensity.
Figures 8 (a) and 8 (b). At higher active power (image on the
left) the motor uses the total sine wave voltage (Vrms) and
current intensity (Arms). But in the synchronous (or
synchronous) motor, when the sine wave is trimmed by the
Triac shot (image on the right); the active energy consumption
(kWh) decreases due to a reduction in the average or average
active power (Pmed) measured in watts (Watts). This
simulation of the circuit connected to the Agilent XSC 3
oscilloscope, of the NI Multisim 14.0 software, presents a
better visual representation of the full and trimmed wave
(Triac trigger) for the same electrical / electronic circuit
previously simulated in the Proteus Design Suite 8 CAD.
Source: self made.

6. 6
I. Anderson 4
Power control
(Triac)
Active energy
consumption
(kWh)
Average
active power
(Watts)
Current
intensity
(Irms)
Voltage
(Vrms)
Cosine fi
(cos φφφφ)
Maximum wave
trimming
(Triac off)
0.025 25.1 0.88 220 0.13
No wave clipping
(Triac at
maximum shot)
0.012 13 0.21 77 0.94
Figure 9. In this figure, presented as an enlarged table of 6 columns and 3 rows, the values of voltage (Vrms) and intensity (Irms)
of alternating electric current (AC) and cosine of fi (cos φ) are represented, oscillating at 50 (Hz). They were taken at the input
contacts to the R-L circuit of the inductor winding (stator) in the rotary machine (synchronous motor). The values of active
average power (Watts) and active energy consumption (kWh) were taken at the input of f.e.m. (electro-motive force) in the entire
R-L-C circuit (electromechanical and electronic). Source: self made.
Depending on where the measuring instruments are
located in the circuit design and the data is taken, the
values fluctuate. In figure 9, as a comparative table of
six columns, these variations are observed - fluctuations
- depending on the operability state of the Triac (off and
on).
The formula for the active average power (Pmed), in a
general RCL circuit of alternating current (AC) is equal
to the product of the effective voltage (Vrms), by the
effective intensity of the electric current (Irms),
multiplied by the factor of power or cosine of fi: cos (φ).
Exactly, according to some classical physics authors,
Sears and Zemansky argue that: " =
(φ) = . . (φ)" [27, p. 1076].
Values that were taken with the corresponding
instruments of true effective value or RMS (Root Means
Square).
Considering the stability of the frequency (Herzios) of
the alternating current (AC) in the Argentine Republic
which is 50 (Hertz); which ensures a constant rotation at
3000 RPM (revolutions per minute) of the motor shaft.
If the pair of poles of the synchronous machine is
equivalent to two (2) poles (north-south) in the stator.
Being p = 2, the number of poles used in the design of
the prototype - according to certain authors specialized
in the field of electric machines - has the following
formula, as shown below.
According to Theodore Wildi:
The rotor and the stator always have the same
number of poles (...), the number of poles
determines the synchronous motor speed:
ns = 120 ∗ f / p
Where:
ns = engine speed (r / min)
f = source frequency (Hz)
p = number of poles [28, p. 379]
Calculation: ns = 120 ∗ 50 (Hz) / 2 = 3000 (r/min), or
3000 (RPM).
The 3000 (r / min, or revolutions / minutes) or 3000
(RPM), are a consequence of the frequency (Hertz) of
the alternating current (AC). Indeed, the prototype of
the synchronous motor does not reduce its RPM when
the active energy consumption is reduced (ergo: its
active power decreases).
Considering the stability of the frequency (measured in
Herzios) of the alternating current (AC) which in the
Republic of Argentina is 50 (Hz); which ensures a
constant rotation at 3000 RPM (revolutions per minute)
of the motor shaft.
The same does not happen with the torque, since this
drops to the minimum limit, without affecting the ability
of the rotor blades to perform mechanical work on the
air fluid.
PMSM type motors provide shaft rotation at a fixed
speed in synchrony with the frequency of the power
supply regardless of the fluctuation of the mechanical

7. 7Turbo electric fan 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), Energy Efficient (EE)
load - greater or lesser - that produces resistant torque.
The voltage (volts) and intensity (amps) of the current
decrease when the Triac operates and anyway, the
motor runs at a synchronism speed; provided that the
frequency of the network is constant, in this case 50
(Hz); for any torque up to the engine operating limit.
In the International System of Units (SI), the unit of
torque (also called: torque) is the physical magnitude:
Newtons.meters (abbreviated: N.m).
The torque is the moment of a force exerted on the
power transmission shaft (rotor). According to certain
authors, by formula of rotation power, we know that as
Tipler-Mosca they maintain: “P = τ . ω” [29, p. 265].
Where each algebraic symbol means:
P, is the power (measured in Watts).
τ, is the torque (measured in N.m).
ω, is the angular velocity (mediated in rad/s).
If in both situations (Triac off and Triac at maximum
firing angle), the angular velocity ω (represented by
omega), or rotational speed measured in radians/seconds
(rad/s) is the same: 314.159 (rad/s) . Equivalent to 3000
(RPM) obtained by the frequency of the alternating
current of 50 (Hz).
Clearing torque or torque (tau): τ = P/ω. We obtain the
following data represented in Table 1:
Table 1. For the first case, that the motor works at maximum
power, without trimming the AC wave (Triac off): 25.1 (W),
the calculations of the formula gives us a torque (torque) of:
25.1 (W) /314.159 (rad/s)=0.08 (N.m). For the second case,
that the engine works at minimum power (with the Triac at
maximum firing angle): 13 (W), the calculations of the
formula give us a torque (torque) of: 13 (W)/3114.159
(rad/s)=0.04 (N.m). Source: own work.
Power control
(Triac)
Active power
(Watts)
Torque-motor
(N.m)
Maximum wave
trimming
(Triac on firing)
13 0.04
No wave clipping
(Triac off or no
shot)
25.1 0.08
The torque drops to the minimum limit (caused by the
reduction of active power), without affecting the ability
of the rotor blades to perform mechanical work with the
air fluid.
This is achieved: keeping the scalar control volts/hertz
(V/Hz) non-constant, typical of frequency inverters
(VDF) or drivers. As shown below in the following
table.
Table 2 (a) and 1 (b). The table above shows the ratio volts /
frequency (V / Hz) in a driver or frequency inverter (VDF).
The table below shows the ratio volts / frequency (V / Hz) in a
Triac BT 137 trip voltage control. Source: own elaboration.
Voltage (Vrms) Frequency (Hz)
220 50
70 16
Voltage (Vrms) Frequency (Hz)
220 50
70 50
This is the key to the principle of operation and the
saving of 59% of active energy consumption (kWh), by
reduction of active power (kW). Thanks to the capacity
of the single-phase synchronous alternating current
(AC) motors of the PMSM type, to rotate at 3000
(RPM), in synchronization with the frequency of the
current.
Figure 9. The product (improved synchronous motor) is
shown, registering the 3000 (RPM) with the laser photo-
tachometer, synchronous speed of the alternating current (AC)
of 50 (Hz). Reduces electrical energy consumption by 59%,
measured in kWh (kilo-Watts-hour), according to IRAM
Standard 62480: 2017 an EE was obtained Type: A. With an
energy consumption of less than 55% of the nominal value;
which represents 15 kWh / month. Source: own elaboration.
The saving of 59% of active energy consumption (kWh)
is due to the reduction of active power (kW). What
according to a life cycle analysis (LCA) [30], in
accordance with international standards ISO 14040 and

8. 8
I. Anderson 4
14044, according to D4S (design for sustainability) [31]
focuses on the fifth stage of the life cycle: use Efficient
electric power.
Figures 10 (a) and 10 (b). The photo above shows the
maximum engine power, recorded by the vatimeter (True
RMS). With 0.88 (RMS Amps) * 220 (RMS Volts) * 0.13
(cosine of fi) = 25.1 (Watts), active power in watts. Turning to
3000 (RPM), synchronous speed of alternating current (AC).
The photo below shows the minimum engine power,
according to formula (2), recorded by the vatimeter (True
RMS) with power control on (saves energy). With 0.21 (RMS
Amps) * 77 (RMS Volts) * 0.74 (cosine of fi) = 12 (Watts),
active power in watts. Turning to 3000 (RPM), synchronous
speed of alternating current.
Source: self made.
An interesting clarification is that the measurements of
intensity of the electric current (amps), when a clamp
meter (True RMS) was used more accurately than that
used to record the data in Figure 9, showed that the
intensity saving of the Current corresponded to 90%.
Something remarkably excellent for this low power
engine, designed for domestic and commercial use.
Figure 11. The motor connected to the True RMS clamp
meter (in English: Root Mean Square), which means: square
root. Source: self made.
Figures 12 (a) and 12 (b). In the image above, the clamp
meter (True RMS) indicates a consumption of 0.53 (Amps)
and in the photo below it shows 0.05 (Amps), which means a
90% reduction in the intensity of the electric current with a
pincer of greater precision according to the Mechatronics

9. 9Turbo electric fan 220 (VAC) / 50 (Hz), Energy Efficient (EE)
Laboratory of the UNER (National University of Entre Ríos).
Source: self made.
4. Results and debate
As previously stated, initially there were problems with
the use of the two simulation software: Proteus Design
Suite 8 CAD and NI / Multisim 14.0.
The first software was well adapted for electrical and
electronic simulation but all the motors available in the
computer package were for direct current (DC) and
there was no synchronous single-phase alternating
current motor of the PMSM type.
In the case of the second software, NI Multisim 14.0,
although there are several types of alternating current
(AC) motors, mostly three-phase, it is also not available
in the package of alternating current motors, a
synchronous machine with permanent single-phase
permanent magnets type PMSM The only PMSM type
permanent magnet synchronous machine is three phase,
This problem of electromechanical simulation (not so of
electronics) was solved with design of equivalent
circuits R-L and R-L-C.
Obviously, although the electromechanical torque was
reduced by half, by a 52.2% reduction in active power
(measured in watts). In synchronous motors, although
the mechanical torque dropped to the minimum limit,
this did not affect the ability of the rotor blades to
perform mechanical work with the air fluid at 3000
(RPM), measured by the laser phototachometer.
Reiterating, this is so, provided that the torque-resistant
does not exceed the torque.
5. Information on the patenting / registration of
innovation or development
The Industrial Design product presented here is not
patented in the Argentine Republic. But it can be
patented as an invention and / or utility model as
appropriate, under the Law on Patents and Utility
Models No. 24,481 [9]. Decree 260/96 of the orderly
text of Law No. 24,481, amended by its similar No.
24,572 (T.O. 1996) and its Regulations. According to
the law of the Argentine Republic.
The prototype has not received funding for its research
and development (R&D) stage, nor for its patenting.
Therefore, it is desired to show it to the academic,
scientific and technological community so that they can
continue to develop it from this theoretical line of
Research & Development (R&D).
It is also important to note that this work should be
deepened by various lines of research from universities,
state or private R&D teams, business laboratories, and
so on.
6. Conclusions
It has been possible to verify that the prototype reduces
electricity consumption by 59% (this value will
probably reach a higher value if it is carried out with
greater control of more sophisticated equipment),
measured in kWh (kilo-Watts-hour), which is the way in
which the energy distribution companies invoice the
single-phase household and commercial consumption
(not the industrial one that is three-phase and where
additionally the reactive energy is penalized).
In this study the reactive energy was not analyzed, only
the active one.
According to IRAM 62480: 2017 [32], an Energy
Efficiency (EE) was obtained Type: A. With an active
energy consumption of less than 55% of the nominal
value; which represents 15 kWh / month. Value that is
calculated for one (1) hour per day at maximum power
(25 watts for the prototype).
Recalling that from the beginning, the objective has
been to approach the frequency inverters (VDF) or
drivers in a simpler (technologically) and economical
way, which are a technology that reduces the
consumption of electric energy, keeping the relationship
constant voltage / frequency (volts / hertz) with complex
and expensive electronics (such as bipolar insulated gate
transistors, IGBTs used in most inverter circuits or
drivers).
In order to construct this less expensive (economically)
and less complex (electronically) technology, the
previous and proven existence in the market of other
similar technological applications was studied, which
can be adapted and assembled to other existing
technologies. Thinking that this assembly can be done
in a cheap (economical) and functional way.
What could be summarized as: hybridization of existing
and recombined technologies in a new innovative or
innovative way.
Here we have solved the problem in a simpler, but
limited, also more economical way; maintaining the

10. 10
I. Anderson 4
non-constant relationship (V / Hz) with a Triac BT 137,
stabilized by a Diac. A power control originally
designed for use in single-phase a-synchronous
induction motors of 220 (V), 50 (Hz) alternating current
(AC). What, when applied to PMSM type synchronous
motors, although it was possible to reduce the torque
(torque), this did not affect the ability to perform
mechanical work with the air fluid.
Additional clarification: what has been stated here has
not been verified in water pumps. Which should be
studied.
7. Recommendations
The solution reached is considered satisfactory if we
measure the cost-benefit ratio, that is: minimum
technological cost invested, for a good economic benefit
achieved (saving electricity consumption). When
considering a good solution between the balance of
technological costs and the practical utility achieved;
the impact could well result in other higher studies that
can be carried out in greater detail and depth.
Development that can be as much of laboratories of
scientific investigation and technological development
(R&D) of state and / or private universities, as by the
same companies of the sector (manufacturers interested
in investing in their development); mainly from Small
and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) as it is known in the
Argentine Republic, or other countries. Also -
eventually - conclude in the National Institute of
Industrial Property (INPI) [33], in a utility model patent
[34].
If a product, hypothetically were developed by private
investors and / or entrepreneurs (from deeper market
studies, which is not the purpose of this publication); it
would be able to motorize the economy, in the sense of
the incorporation of added value in the form of work
(intellectual and labor incorporated). In an ecologically
responsible way with the environment, according to ISO
14000 [35], 14001/17.
All this would result in the benefit of society.
8. Thanks
To Ing. Guillermo Canale and D.I. Rosario Bernatene
who made the necessary efforts to introduce the
Graduate of Ecodesign in the Industrial Design career at
the National University of La Plata (UNLP), Province
of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Also to the Director of the
CAD Laboratory: D.I. Pablo Ungaro To make available
the Research Laboratory of the Department of Dis. Ind.
(LIDDI-UNLP) with the Head of Department: D.I. Ana
Bocos.
Also to Engineer José Paramo of the Mecatr
Engineering degree. at the National University of Entre
Ríos (UNER) and Eng. Marcelo Arlettaz, Carlos Blanc
and Dean Jorge Penco of the Faculty of Electrical
Engineering of the National Technological University
(UTN). Both Universities –UNER and UTN- are located
in the city of Concordia, Entre Ríos Province,
Argentina.
To all of them my thanks for their academic teachings,
their comments, corrections, suggestions and for always
having made available the laboratories and teaching
teams.
To all of them, thank you for your commitment to
graduate and postgraduate education.
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