1/3/2016 Raising the temperature of the UK heat pump market: Learning lessons...Matthew Hannon
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonising the UK's buildings sector as part of the Committee on Climate Change's (CCC) updated abatement scenario for meeting the UK's fourth carbon budget. However, the UK has one of the least developed heat pump markets in Europe and renewable heat output
from heat pumps will need to increase by a factor of 50 over the next 15 years to be in line with the scenario. Therefore, this paper explores what lessons the UK might learn from Finland to
achieve this aim considering that its current level of heat pump penetration is comparable with that outlined in the CCC scenario for 2030. Despite the two countries’ characteristic differences we argue they share sufficient similarities for the UK to usefully draw some policy-based lessons from Finland including: stimulating new-build construction and renovation of existing stock; incorporating renewable heat solutions in building energy performance standards; and bringing the cost of heat pumps in-line with gas fired heating via a combination of subsidies, taxes and energy RD&D. Finally, preliminary efforts to grow the heat pump market could usefully focus on properties unconnected to the gas-grid, considering these are typically heated by relatively expensive oil or electric heating technologies.
David Eldridge of Grumman / Butkus Associates present the ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient Labeling Program at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Industrial energy efficiency - approaches, technologies and policies, Girish ...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
1/3/2016 Raising the temperature of the UK heat pump market: Learning lessons...Matthew Hannon
Heat pumps play a central role in decarbonising the UK's buildings sector as part of the Committee on Climate Change's (CCC) updated abatement scenario for meeting the UK's fourth carbon budget. However, the UK has one of the least developed heat pump markets in Europe and renewable heat output
from heat pumps will need to increase by a factor of 50 over the next 15 years to be in line with the scenario. Therefore, this paper explores what lessons the UK might learn from Finland to
achieve this aim considering that its current level of heat pump penetration is comparable with that outlined in the CCC scenario for 2030. Despite the two countries’ characteristic differences we argue they share sufficient similarities for the UK to usefully draw some policy-based lessons from Finland including: stimulating new-build construction and renovation of existing stock; incorporating renewable heat solutions in building energy performance standards; and bringing the cost of heat pumps in-line with gas fired heating via a combination of subsidies, taxes and energy RD&D. Finally, preliminary efforts to grow the heat pump market could usefully focus on properties unconnected to the gas-grid, considering these are typically heated by relatively expensive oil or electric heating technologies.
David Eldridge of Grumman / Butkus Associates present the ASHRAE Building Energy Quotient Labeling Program at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Industrial energy efficiency - approaches, technologies and policies, Girish ...ESD UNU-IAS
This lecture is part of the 2016 ProSPER.Net Young Researchers’ School on sustainable energy for transforming lives: availability, accessibility, affordability
Slides describing how carbon data can be used within the kykloud SaaS product for asset management, providing option appraisal CO2 comparison of specific elements in building refurbishment and new build design.
Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to OwnersIllinois ASHRAE
Keith Swartz of the Energy Center of Wisconsin presents Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to Owners at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Presented by Ulrich Bang Termansen, the Association of Danish Energy Companies, Denmark at the IEA DSM workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Energy Show 2022 - Irish public sector targets to 2030 and progress to date SustainableEnergyAut
The public sector is 34% more energy efficient than in 2009. It exceeded its 33% energy efficiency target set out for 2020. The public sector focus now shifts to the next decade and the challenging targets set out for 2030.
The Climate Action Plan 2021 (CAP 21) outlines an energy related Green House Gas (GHG) target of 51% CO2 reduction by 2030. Achieving the GHG target is one of, if not the primary, target that public bodies and sectors must achieve. It also requires large public bodies to develop Climate Action roadmaps. This is to achieve their 2030 targets. It includes 51% of renewable space heating, and to develop wider Climate Mandates.
The first part of the session will cover progress to date on the energy efficiency target. It will look at actions taken and a detailed overview of the 2030 GHG reduction target methodology. It will cover an overview of potential pathways to 2030.
Public bodies will then present on their pathway to 2030 analysis. They will cover actions being undertaken now and planned. And finally, how SEAI's supports are being utilised to mobilise for 2030.
Optimal Time-of-use Management for Utility Customers Using Behind-the-meter E...Tu Nguyen
In this presentation, first I will give you a brief introduction to energy storage applications. Next, I will talk about the common rate structures that are currently used by the utilities in the US including fixed-rate, dynamic pricing and also net-metering programs. Then I will discuss the electricity bill minimization using behind-the-meter energy storage. Finally, I will provide some examples that study the use of energy storage for different types of customers including residential, commercial and industrial customers under different tariff structures.
This free CPD webinar focuses on the British Standard for road lighting design. An updated version of BS5489-1 2020 has just been published which includes some significant changes from the previous version. This important update to the Standards means that anyone that specifies public lighting or uses this Standard needs to understand the latest thinking and changes from the previous version.
This CPD webinar is essential for all those specifying or designing lighting for roads, amenity areas or city and town centres. You will learn how to carry out your role more effectively and provide better lighting which benefits the public and the planet.
Our presenters are Nick Smith IEng FILP and Peter Harrison CEng FILP. Nick, from Nick Smith Associates, was the ILP’s representative on the British Standards Institute revision committee, so is the ideal expert to share his knowledge and explain how you can apply this to your work. Peter Harrison is the ILP Technical Director.
The following is covered:
• Position of BS5489 in the hierarchy of standards and tie into European and international standards
• Summary of the changes
• Reasons for road lighting
• Environmental considerations: obtrusive light and conservation
• Energy considerations and how this is determined
• Design classification - determination and the risk assessment
• Variable lighting considerations for subsidiary roads and traffic routes
• Maintenance factor determination
• Scotopic/Photopic (S/P) ratios - how these are used now
• Glare, glare metrics and how to use them
The Interim NZEB Specification for Public Sector buildings sets out a performance specification for new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities after 31st Dec 2018. It is intended that this specification will form the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings requirement in the interim period until the new 2017 Part L for Buildings other than Dwellings takes effect.
Introduction to the Ecodesign of Energy Related Products DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Ecodesign of Energy Related Products Directive (EED) was adopted in 2009 as an amendment from the 2005 Ecodesign of Energy Using Products Directive and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). The EU was a relative late comer among leading international economies in having overarching legislation to set minimum energy performance standards for equipment but since the adoption of Ecodesign it has set an impressive pace of adoption of implementing measures which are now estimated to cover 48% of all EU energy consumption. The average expected energy savings per product group addressed is projected to reach 19% by 2030, to lower energy bills by €160 billion for a €60 billion increase in equipment acquisition costs i.e. a net benefit of €100 billion and to create 0.8 million extra direct jobs for industry, wholesale and the retail sector.
The projected CO2 savings from this Directive alone are estimated to reach 320 Mt CO2 equiva-lent, equal to 7% of all EU GHG emissions in 2010. This is in excess of savings projected from the EU emissions trading system.
Slides describing how carbon data can be used within the kykloud SaaS product for asset management, providing option appraisal CO2 comparison of specific elements in building refurbishment and new build design.
Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to OwnersIllinois ASHRAE
Keith Swartz of the Energy Center of Wisconsin presents Assessing Your Building Energy Costs: Benefits of Energy Modeling to Owners at the 2012 Chicago Energy Modeling Conference.
Presented by Ulrich Bang Termansen, the Association of Danish Energy Companies, Denmark at the IEA DSM workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Energy Show 2022 - Irish public sector targets to 2030 and progress to date SustainableEnergyAut
The public sector is 34% more energy efficient than in 2009. It exceeded its 33% energy efficiency target set out for 2020. The public sector focus now shifts to the next decade and the challenging targets set out for 2030.
The Climate Action Plan 2021 (CAP 21) outlines an energy related Green House Gas (GHG) target of 51% CO2 reduction by 2030. Achieving the GHG target is one of, if not the primary, target that public bodies and sectors must achieve. It also requires large public bodies to develop Climate Action roadmaps. This is to achieve their 2030 targets. It includes 51% of renewable space heating, and to develop wider Climate Mandates.
The first part of the session will cover progress to date on the energy efficiency target. It will look at actions taken and a detailed overview of the 2030 GHG reduction target methodology. It will cover an overview of potential pathways to 2030.
Public bodies will then present on their pathway to 2030 analysis. They will cover actions being undertaken now and planned. And finally, how SEAI's supports are being utilised to mobilise for 2030.
Optimal Time-of-use Management for Utility Customers Using Behind-the-meter E...Tu Nguyen
In this presentation, first I will give you a brief introduction to energy storage applications. Next, I will talk about the common rate structures that are currently used by the utilities in the US including fixed-rate, dynamic pricing and also net-metering programs. Then I will discuss the electricity bill minimization using behind-the-meter energy storage. Finally, I will provide some examples that study the use of energy storage for different types of customers including residential, commercial and industrial customers under different tariff structures.
This free CPD webinar focuses on the British Standard for road lighting design. An updated version of BS5489-1 2020 has just been published which includes some significant changes from the previous version. This important update to the Standards means that anyone that specifies public lighting or uses this Standard needs to understand the latest thinking and changes from the previous version.
This CPD webinar is essential for all those specifying or designing lighting for roads, amenity areas or city and town centres. You will learn how to carry out your role more effectively and provide better lighting which benefits the public and the planet.
Our presenters are Nick Smith IEng FILP and Peter Harrison CEng FILP. Nick, from Nick Smith Associates, was the ILP’s representative on the British Standards Institute revision committee, so is the ideal expert to share his knowledge and explain how you can apply this to your work. Peter Harrison is the ILP Technical Director.
The following is covered:
• Position of BS5489 in the hierarchy of standards and tie into European and international standards
• Summary of the changes
• Reasons for road lighting
• Environmental considerations: obtrusive light and conservation
• Energy considerations and how this is determined
• Design classification - determination and the risk assessment
• Variable lighting considerations for subsidiary roads and traffic routes
• Maintenance factor determination
• Scotopic/Photopic (S/P) ratios - how these are used now
• Glare, glare metrics and how to use them
The Interim NZEB Specification for Public Sector buildings sets out a performance specification for new buildings owned and occupied by Public Authorities after 31st Dec 2018. It is intended that this specification will form the Nearly Zero Energy Buildings requirement in the interim period until the new 2017 Part L for Buildings other than Dwellings takes effect.
Introduction to the Ecodesign of Energy Related Products DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Ecodesign of Energy Related Products Directive (EED) was adopted in 2009 as an amendment from the 2005 Ecodesign of Energy Using Products Directive and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). The EU was a relative late comer among leading international economies in having overarching legislation to set minimum energy performance standards for equipment but since the adoption of Ecodesign it has set an impressive pace of adoption of implementing measures which are now estimated to cover 48% of all EU energy consumption. The average expected energy savings per product group addressed is projected to reach 19% by 2030, to lower energy bills by €160 billion for a €60 billion increase in equipment acquisition costs i.e. a net benefit of €100 billion and to create 0.8 million extra direct jobs for industry, wholesale and the retail sector.
The projected CO2 savings from this Directive alone are estimated to reach 320 Mt CO2 equiva-lent, equal to 7% of all EU GHG emissions in 2010. This is in excess of savings projected from the EU emissions trading system.
Energy auditing and energy efficiency indicatorsCETN
Principles of Energy Auditing
Auditing process summary
Undertaking an Energy Audit in house
Commissioning a commercial Audit
Equipment for auditing
Results and dissemination
Barriers to implementation of energy efficiency
Questions and answer session
Updates on Policy and Codes - BREEAM, Part L, MEES & BB101IES VE
This presentation was given by Bruce Elrick, Consultancy Operations Manager at IES, at Spaces Study Day in Manchester on 15th June 2018.
Find out about upcoming IES events here: https://www.iesve.com/discoveries/category/event
Presented by Paul Egerton, Department of Energy and Climate Change, United Kingdom, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Milan, Italy on 22 October 2008.
In 2010, REHVA made a benchmark study on European regulations on energy efficiency of buildings. These slides present the individual country reports from the study, which was commissioned by Sitra to support the ERA17 project.
Promoting an EU Agenda for Electromagnetic Processing of MaterialsLeonardo ENERGY
Electromagnetic processing (EP) is an umbrella term for industrial process heating systems that use electricity instead of combustible energy carriers.
EP technologies use wavelengths in the electromagnetic spectrum to heat mediums instead of heating the air in a furnace by combusting fossil fuels.
Application is possible in manufacturing subsectors, including energy-intensive production of chemicals, paper, iron & steel as well as of glass, pottery & building material
EP technologies include:
Direct & indirect resistance heating
Infrared heating
Induction heating
Dielectric heating
Electric arc heating
Electron-beam heating
Combined, these 6 technologies provide a market potential to electrify about a third of fossil energy used in industry for process heating. In this short report developed by Ecofys, an agenda is proposed including 9 measures that could be used to promote EP technologies in the European Union.
Stewart Clements, Director of the Heating and Hotwater Industry Council (HHIC), presented at this year's Plumbing & Heating Exhibition (PHEX). The presentation covered the recent change in EU legislation in regards to Energy Labelling of heating products.
Keeping our cities sustainably warm - Inspiring the Efficient Renewal of District Heating for the Just Transition
Brian Vad Mathiesen, Aalborg University
KeepWarm Conference, November 12, 2020, Brussels - Online
An energy audit is an inspection survey and an analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in a building. It may include a process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output.
This CPD webinar covers the need for a Circular Economy and describes an ideal one. Legislation and guides relevant to the lighting industry are outlined. Circular Design principles are examined related to luminaire design, materials, manufacturing and ecosystem. As a coda the Circular Economy is put into a wider environmental impact assessment context.
Talk by Roger Sexton, Business Development at Stoane Lighting
Presented by Prof. Dr. Carlos Àlvarez, Instituto de Ingenería Energética, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Spain, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Madrid, Spain on 19 October 2005.
Presented by Arturo Rodríguez-Garcia, Director General, General Manager, Visual Tools, Spain, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Madrid, Spain on 19 October 2005.
Presented by Wolfgang Irrek, Research group "Energy Transport and Climate Policy" Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Germany at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Presented by Nicolai Zarganis, Head of Division, Danish Energy Authority, denmark, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Presented by Marcella Pavan, head, Energy Efficiency Policy Division, Italian Regulatory Authority for Electricity and Gas, Italy, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Presented by Vlasis Oikonomou, SOM Research Institute, Department of Economics, University of Groningen, Netherlands, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Maastricht, the Netherlands on 11 October 2006.
Presented by Larry Mansueti, Office of Electricty Delivery and Energy Reliability, U.S. Department of Energy, USA, at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Seoul, Korea on 18 April 2007.
Presented by Dr. Jein Yoo, Korean Association for Energy Service Companies, KAESCO, Korea at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Seoul, Korea on 18 April 2007.
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Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
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f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
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Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...
Energy Efficiency Obligations - the UK Practical Experience on Validating & Evaluating Energy Savings
1. Presentation to IEA DSM – EXCO Meeting
“Energy Efficiency Obligations –
the UK Practical Experience on Validating &
Evaluating Energy Savings”
Eoin Lees
19 April 2006
2. Key topics to be addressed
• Brief history of UK energy efficiency obligations
• Key elements of measurement philosophy
• Need for continuous assessment of energy savings
& impact of recent research
• Verification in Practice
• Final energy and carbon savings from first phase of
UK Energy Efficiency Commitment (EEC)
3. What are Energy Efficiency Obligations?
• A legal obligation on energy suppliers/retailers or
distributors to save energy in their customers’
premises
• Can be applied to any end use sector e.g. residential,
small business, all sectors
• Energy saving target are set by
Government/Regulator and individual energy targets
for supplier/retailer or distributor are proportional to
their customer numbers
• Work in monopoly or liberalised market
4. Key Principles for UK design
• Focus on desired outcome i.e. energy saving in the
customer’s household
• Ex ante savings - proven energy efficiency measures
only (if not energy suppliers pay for measurement
costs)
• To give a representative value of the energy savings
for any EE measure, use average lifetime of the
measure but discount over life of measure (initially
8%,then 6% will be 3.5%)
• Ring fence low income – 50% of the benefit to come
from low income households
5. Other Principles for UK design
• Minimise Free Riders – those that would have installed
that EE measure anyway e.g. high profile campaigns in
local area; keep moving the standard on white goods e.g.
initially A to C, then A&B only, now A only, from 2005 A+
& A++ only
• Additionality – to disallow EE initiatives which are legally
required anyway e.g. Building Regulations
• Quality and Customer Satisfaction – sample surveys of
customer satisfaction undertaken; quality CFL list
• Incentives for energy suppliers to attract funds from other
players e.g. local authorities, manufacturers, customers
6. UK History of Energy Efficiency Obligations
Phase Duration Fuel Obligated Annual
Supplier (€M)
€/year/fuel
for customer
EESOP 1 1994-98 Electricity 35 1.5
EEC 2 2005-08 Electricity & gas ~560 ~13
EESOP 2 1998-00 Electricity 35 1.5
EESOP 3 2000-02 Electricity & gas ~70 ~1.8
EEC 1 2002-05 Electricity & gas ~200 ~4.5
7. What is EEC?
• EEC is an obligation on energy suppliers/retailers
(electricity and gas) to save energy in their
customers’ households
• Only now on residential sector customers
• Energy saving target are set by Government and
individual supplier/retailer targets are proportional to
their customer numbers
• Administration and verification carried out by Energy
Regulator (Ofgem) – cost <1% of energy supplier
expenditure in EEC1
8. What is EEC? - continued
• Cost of EEC is a “ cost of doing business” – no
explicit levy but EEC1 estimated at ~ €4.5 /customer
per fuel per year; EEC2 ~ €13
• Now over 11 years experience of energy
supplier/retailer obligations – evolved in light of
energy market liberalisation
• However, continuous improvements necessary e.g.
new EE measures, savings change, short term
incentives to transform markets etc.
• Dramatic increase in scale of activity from SOP
9. Average insulation installations/year in
EESOP and EEC
-
50
100
150
200
250
300
EESOP 1 EESOP 2 EESOP 3 EEC 1
'000s/year
Cavity Wall Insulation
Loft Insulation
HW tank insulation
Draughtproofing
11. Key elements of Measurement Philosophy - 1
• Ex-ante or “deemed “ energy savings from wide range
of proven EE measures from traditional (insulation, gas
boilers, CFLs etc) to emerging (ground sourced heat
pumps, set top boxes, solar water heaters)
• Lots of detail in practice e.g. house type, size, fuel
saved etc.
• Ofgem approve broad plans of energy suppliers
• Subsequently suppliers report actual measures
implemented with monitoring forms specific to EE
measure implemented e.g. customer satisfaction,
technical quality, low income customers, % financial
contribution, customer acceptance, additionality etc.
12. Key elements of Measurement Philosophy - 2
• “Bottom-up” is simple, manageable and verifiable &
works well for widely used, similar EE measures
• Does not necessarily capture all energy efficiency
activity - do by monitoring total market sales of
energy efficiency measures
• Philosophy has been adopted by UK Government in
its “Energy Efficiency Plan for Action” as its basis of
determining progress in residential sector towards
Carbon saving
13. Meeting the EEC Target
• Target is energy savings but individual fuel savings are
weighted by C content
• Any fuel can be saved but mainly gas and electricity
• Energy supplier/retailer schemes must be “additional”,
e.g. beyond Building Regulations or better than market
average for appliances
• 50% of savings/benefit to come from low income
households
• Save energy from any residential customer
14. Lessons for EEC2 from Continuous Assessment -1
• Need to change “scoring system” for CFLs – focus on
100W equiv “sticks” – not the consumer preference for
lower wattages and “look alikes”/decorative CFLs
(shorter lives)
• Research hours of use and wattage → in EEC2, every
CFL has a energy credit of 33.5 kWh/a irrespective of
wattage replaced and average 14 year life
• Means all lighting points can now be addressed
• No discernable rebound effect from lighting
15. Lessons for EEC2 from Continuous Assessment - 2
• Research shows comfort factor (rebound effect) following
insulation measures being installed is identical for high
and low income at 30%
• Energy savings from cavity wall insulation are 10% lower
than expected
• Need to allow for higher heating efficiencies in the future
as average gas boiler efficiency will increase (Building
Regulations) thus lowering the insulation savings
• Ongoing research into effectiveness of existing loft
insulation
16. Verification in Practice
• Energy supplier submit final report on an energy
efficiency initiative with claimed savings to Ofgem
• Ofgem audits a random sample of each supplier
scheme to check eligibility, measures in place,
savings estimates realistic etc.
• Ofgem also requires energy suppliers to undertake
some technical quality monitoring (e.g. insulation) –
typically 2-5% of installations
• Suppliers must submit quality surveys of individual
scheme activities
17. Outcome EEC1 April 2002- March 2005
• All major energy suppliers easily met their targets;
insulation savings carried forward to EEC2
equivalent of 24% of EEC2 target
• Energy suppliers have again delivered 20% more
cost effectively than the target anticipated
• 38% of savings came from insulation; 12% from
heating; 16% from appliances and 34% from lighting
• Lighting is the most common measure nearly 40
million CFLs; 6.5 million A-rated appliances
18. Are EE Obligations good for “UK plc”?
• Annual saving of 0.4MtC at cost -€430/tC (Defra)
• The cost to the nation of saving a unit of electricity is €2
cents/kWh c.f. household cost in 2004 of €10 cents/kWh
• The cost to the nation of saving a unit of gas is €0.7
cents/kWh c.f. household cost in 2004 of €2.5 cents/kWh
• At least 2 out of 5 households in UK will have directly
benefited from EEC1 (mainly CFLs and appliances)
• Most low income households will have directly benefited
from EEC1 (mainly CFLs)
• Market for cold appliances (over 60% A-rated) and wet
appliances (80%) underwent a “tipping point”
19. Fridge Freezers under EESOP3 and EEC1
Fridge Freezers Market Shares - based on GFK data
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06
Financial Year Ending
Energy Label A
Energy Label B
Energy Label C
Energy Label D
Energy Label E
Energy Label F
Energy Label G
20. Energy Efficiency Costs have Reduced over Time
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005
Indexrealprices(2001=1
CFLs
Cavity Wall
Insulation
Condensing Boiler
HW Tank Insulation
Fridge Freezer (A-
Rated)
CWI (1994 street
price)