Endothelial cells line the blood vessels and form an interface between circulating blood elements and the vessel wall. They play a vital role in health by regulating vascular permeability, blood clotting, vasodilation, and angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and hypertension. Endothelial cells also support tumor growth by stimulating angiogenesis and are a target for cancer treatments that block blood vessel formation like bevacizumab.
The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
The Wnt cascade has emerged as a critical regulator of stem cells. In many tissues, activation of Wnt signaling has also been found to be associated with cancer. Understanding the regulation by Wnt signaling may serve as a paradigm for understanding the dual nature of self-renewal signals.
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor.
bone marrow is viscus, highly vascular fluid which is present within the trabuculi of the spongy bones. all the blood cells are derived from this compartment. its structure, function are given in this presentation
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
von Willebrand factor (VWF)is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion. It is deficient and/or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in many other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; the term is typically used when referring to metastasis by a cancerous tumor.
bone marrow is viscus, highly vascular fluid which is present within the trabuculi of the spongy bones. all the blood cells are derived from this compartment. its structure, function are given in this presentation
Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell production, differentiation, and development. hematopoeisis starts in yolk sac in the fetus and continued in he liver, spleen and bone marrow. In adult, hematopoeisis occurs in bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. erythroproietin stimulate RBC production (initially CFU-E ) in response of hypoxia.
von Willebrand factor (VWF)is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis, specifically, platelet adhesion. It is deficient and/or defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in many other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
What to know before getting stem cells - short versionMegan Hughes
Dr. Hughes discusses stem cell types including embryonic vs. adult stem cells, multipotent vs. pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal vs peripheral blood-based stem cells, and how to make a stem cell decision. Learn more at http://aspenintegrativemedicine.com/adult-stem-cells/
Viecell biotech is cell theraputics company specializing in stem cells for various ailments which cannot be treatable by conventional treatments. VieCell approach for ailments is a multi-centric application by combining traditional medicine with modern regenerative medicine.
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Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
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This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
3. WHAT ARE ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
• Mesodermal derived cells
• Forms the lining the blood vessels
• Forms an interface between circulating elements and the vessel which
contains it.
4. • Endothelial Precursor Cells (EPC) from marrow and pre-existing blood vessels
migrate to the site of injury or tumour growth.
• Differentiation of EPC forms a mature network of linking with existing vessels.
6. ENDOTHELIAL HETEROGENICITY
EC’s exhibit different phenotype- both in structure & function
• Structural heterogeneity- obtained following electron microscopy
observations where differences in intercellular junctions
• continuous endothelium
• fenestrated endothelium
• discontinuous endothelium
7.
8. PRODUCTS FROM ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
• von Willebrand factor (vWF)
• tissue factor
• platelet activating factor (hemostasis)
• Nitric oxide - vasodilator
Post injury, subendothelial collagen is exposed - attachment of platelets
(adhesion)
• prostacycline (inhibits platelet aggregation),
• protein S (a cofactor for protein C, which is an inhibitor of coagulation), and
• tissue plasminogen activator (activates fibrinolysis).
10. In lungs
Respiratory membrane
• selective phagocytic activity
• extract substances from blood
• Oxygen and cardon-di-oxide diffusion
11. Endothelial dysfunction
• Oxidative Stress
1) Decreased NO
2) Increased Endothelin ( ET-1 binds to Endothelin A and B receptors
in pulmonary vascular bed - potent vasoconstrictor)
• It is also a physiological process.
12.
13. Endothelium in smoking
• Nicotine
• Opens up intercellular junction
• Allow large molecules to pass through the wall
• Toxins - degenerative changes in the blood vessels & lead to vascular
disease
15. Endothelium in hypertension
• Angiotensin-converting-enzyme(ACE) is an endothelial enzyme
• Converts angiotensinogen I to angiotensinogen II.
• Angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor.
• Important in pathogenesis of hypertension
18. Endothelium in malignancy
• EC growth supports metabolic requirement of tumor beyond few mm
(growth of primary & metastatic tumor)
• Possible pathogenesis involved
stimulation of EC
degradation of ECM
proliferation of EC & migration into tumor
Formation of new capillary tubes
• Tumor vessels are tortuous, dilated, uneven diameter, excessive
branching & shunting (lacks perivascular cells)
19. Endothelium in malignancy
Tumour cells - Acquired drug resistance of tumor (due to high intrinsic
mutation rate) --- major cause of treatment failure
But ECs are genetically stable
• EC provides nourishment to many tumor cells; tumor growth depends
on angiogenesis
Blockade of a single GF (e.g. VEGF) may inhibit tumor induced vascular
growth
Eg: Bevacizumab
20. Summary
• EC’s play a vital role in health and integrity of every tissue of the body
because apart from cartilage, every cell lies within a few µm of a
capillary.
• The diffusion limit of oxygen in tissue is only ≈ 100µm and can not
cross blood vessel thicker than that.
• Fine capillaries (10-15 µm) consist merely of endothelial cells and a
very fine basal lamina, thus helps in providing oxygen, nutrients &
metabolites.
21. Summary
• EC adjust their number & arrangement to accommodate local
requirement
• Involved in extending & remodeling the network of blood vessels to
enable tissue growth & repair.
• Dysfunction of EC has been implicated in virtually every type
vascular disease( Atherosclerosis, HTN etc.)
