The document summarizes the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan between 1988 and 1989 under Mikhail Gorbachev's leadership. Key points include: 1. The withdrawal of Soviet combat forces began on May 15, 1988 and ended on February 15, 1989, overseen by Colonel-General Boris Gromov. 2. Gorbachev attempted to consolidate power for Afghanistan's communist government to stabilize the country and save face during withdrawal. 3. Improving US-Soviet relations and the futility of propping up Kabul's government led the Soviet Union to fully withdraw.