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Encoding Schemes
ISY250
Objectives
• What standards exist
• How to recognize
• This list is not exhaustive – hack it
• Use tools to decode (tbd)
HTML Encoding
• How to get special characters into XML
• &quot, &apos, &lt, &gt, &amp
URL Encoding
• Similar to HTML encoding
• Used within URLs to embed special
characters or spaces
• http://user.dtcc.edu/~fsciallo/stuff%20here
• Common items are a space %20, a dash
%3D or any character
• Doesn’t work in the hostname portion
http://%47oogle.com
• “percent encoding”
Unicode
• u0068u0061u0063u006b
• A unique numeric representation for every
character
Base64
• Three bytes chunked into 6 bits (24/6=4)
• ABC -> QUJD
• If more bytes are required, pad with =
• Often will see encoded strings terminated
with =
• Character set is A-Z, a-z, 0-9 (62 unique)
A  QQ==
• A = x41 = 0100|0001
• 0100|00|01|0000
• 010000 010000 -> 16 16 -> Q Q
• 010000 010000 000000 000000
Rot-n
• Simple substitution cipher, rotates
character position of any character set
Hashes
• md5 or other algorithms
• Can be used for generating session
tokens (cookie values)

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Encoding Schemes

  • 2. Objectives • What standards exist • How to recognize • This list is not exhaustive – hack it • Use tools to decode (tbd)
  • 3. HTML Encoding • How to get special characters into XML • &quot, &apos, &lt, &gt, &amp
  • 4. URL Encoding • Similar to HTML encoding • Used within URLs to embed special characters or spaces • http://user.dtcc.edu/~fsciallo/stuff%20here • Common items are a space %20, a dash %3D or any character • Doesn’t work in the hostname portion http://%47oogle.com • “percent encoding”
  • 5. Unicode • u0068u0061u0063u006b • A unique numeric representation for every character
  • 6. Base64 • Three bytes chunked into 6 bits (24/6=4) • ABC -> QUJD • If more bytes are required, pad with = • Often will see encoded strings terminated with = • Character set is A-Z, a-z, 0-9 (62 unique)
  • 7.
  • 8. A  QQ== • A = x41 = 0100|0001 • 0100|00|01|0000 • 010000 010000 -> 16 16 -> Q Q • 010000 010000 000000 000000
  • 9. Rot-n • Simple substitution cipher, rotates character position of any character set
  • 10. Hashes • md5 or other algorithms • Can be used for generating session tokens (cookie values)