This study examined the impact of on-site wastewater treatment (septic) systems on water quality and quantity in urbanizing watersheds in metro Atlanta, GA. The results showed that septic system density above 100 units/km2 was correlated with higher levels of fecal indicator bacteria and nitrates in streams, especially in spring. A survey found residents were willing to pay to upgrade septic systems to improve water quality. The study concluded that septic systems increase total watershed water yield, especially during dry periods, and recommended education programs to increase awareness of septic system impacts.
Objectives
- Develop an integrated agricultural and urban modeling system
Characterize decadal and regional impacts associated with agriculture/urban expansion for selected regions in the continental US
- Examine socio-economic impacts associated with agri-urban development including urban farms/community gardens
- Educate next generation of interdisciplinary scientists
Objectives
- Assess types and densities of NA bacteria in diverse manures and manured soils
- Identify physico-chemical conditions that favor NA activity in soil and reduce N2O emissions
- Evaluate the impact of climate adaptive management practices (C addition, low disturbance) on GHG tradeoffs
Objectives
- Develop an integrated agricultural and urban modeling system
Characterize decadal and regional impacts associated with agriculture/urban expansion for selected regions in the continental US
- Examine socio-economic impacts associated with agri-urban development including urban farms/community gardens
- Educate next generation of interdisciplinary scientists
Objectives
- Assess types and densities of NA bacteria in diverse manures and manured soils
- Identify physico-chemical conditions that favor NA activity in soil and reduce N2O emissions
- Evaluate the impact of climate adaptive management practices (C addition, low disturbance) on GHG tradeoffs
Performance assessment of water filtration plants in pakistan - JBESInnspub Net
A study was carried out to evaluate the water quality of filtration plants installed at six different places of Cantonment Board Sialkot, Pakistan to suggest and recommend guidelines for their improvement. Water samples from six Treatment plants and their respective twelve connections (two from each treatment plants) were collected before and after treatment. In this way, total samples were collected and tested. Values of these samples before and after treatment were used for comparison with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water standards. Thirty three parameters including physical, chemical and bacteriological were determined for each sample. The results were satisfactory both chemically and bacteriologically according to WHO guidelines for water quality of treatment plants. The results showed that the samples of water were fit, both before and after treatment plant except for water sample of treatment plant No. IV & V (Before treatment). Total and faecal coliform were found in these samples. Various causes of faecal contamination before treatment may be due to leakage of pipelines, operation at tubewells, layout of freshwater pipes parallel or beneath the sewerage pipes or channels. Disinfection of water at source is recommended to deal with the faecal contamination; otherwise there is no need of filtration plant.
Session 6: River Health and Hydropower on the Lancang River was hosted by EcoFish and the Asian International Rivers Center, Yunnan University at the 2017 Greater Mekong Forum on Water Food and Energy. After three years works of implementing the WLE project on 'Balancing River Health and Hydropower Requirements in the Lancang River Basin', we have made progress in balancing river health and hydropower requirements in the Lancang River Basin. This Session will present results from the project. The impacts of hydropower on river health, environmental management of hydropower with a perspective on river health, and transboundary environmental effects of Chinese dams will be summarized and discussed at the session. In addition to presenting research findings and development advances, the session will also share experience and lessons learned in China with Mekong countries that are seeking hydropower to propel economic and social development.
Presentation by Dr. Joanna Endter-Wada, professor of policy and social science at the Quinney College of Natural Resources Department of Environment & Society, at the 2019 Central Texas Water Conservation Symposium.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Impacts of On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems on Water Quality and Quantity in Urbanizing Watersheds
1. BACKGROUND
Approximately 42% of housing units use onsite
waste water treatment systems (OWTS, also
known as septic systems) to treat and dispose
wastewater in the southeastern USA, the
national average being 25% (USEPA, 2002).
There is suggestive evidence that septic
systems contribute to widespread fecal
pollution of surface waters and are assumed to
be 100% water consumptive in suburban
watersheds of metro-Atlanta area, GA.
However, the extent of their impact on fecal
pollution at the watershed level is still
uncertain, with the complexity of non-point
sources that make it difficult to isolate their
influence.
Our overall goal was to determine the impact
of septic systems on water quality and quantify
and evaluate the economics and the social
acceptance of technology to reduce pollution
stemming from septic systems. It also includes
education and extension activities on the
impact of septic systems on water resources.
Impacts of On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems on Water Quality and
Quantity in Urbanizing Watersheds
M. Habteselassie1, D. Radcliffe1, E. Bauske2, M. Risse3, J. Mullen4, C. Clarke5, R. Sowah1, N. Hoghooghi1
1Crop and Soil Sciences, 2GA Center for Urban Agriculture, 3GA Sea Grant and Marine Extension, 4Agricultural and Applied Economics, The
University of Georgia, 5USGS Southern Atlantic Water Science Center, Atlanta, Georgia
…RESULTS
The study suggests that septic system density above 100 units km-2 presents potential water quality
problems at watershed level and that the effect is seasonal.
Multiple regression model indicated that septic density together with four other watershed characteristics
accounted for 60% of the variability in fecal pollution in spring (data not shown).
The effect of septic density in spring can be attributed to the shallow seasonal groundwater table (Peck et
al., 2011), which may have promoted the transport of effluent from septic drainfields through groundwater
into receiving streams.
Mean septic systems water use was approximately 5.7% consumptive, contrary to common assumptions
of septic systems by water planning agencies in Georgia.
Online survey of Gwinnet country residents (study area) indicated that residents are willing to pay for
septic systems upgrade to improve water quality and that they prefer to pay equal shares (whether they
use septic systems or not) to fix the problem if it benefits everyone.
Project findings were widely distributed to the public via outreach publications and face-to-face contacts.
Graduate and undergraduate students were also trained under the project.
REFERENCES
1. Landers, M.N. and Ankcorn, P.D. 2008. Methods to evaluate influence of septic
systems on baseflow in selected watersheds in Gwinnett County, GA. USGS.
2. Peck, J.A. et al. 2011. Groundwater Conditions and Studies in Georgia, 2008–
2009. USGS.
3. USEPA. 2002. Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems Manual. EPA/625/R-
00/008.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
SUMMARY & CONCLUSION
Figure 3. Stream yield of markers that represent total (A), human (septic; B) and ruminant (C) derived fecal
contaminations in the high or low density watershed groups; B shows only for seasons that tested positive.
A B C
RESULTS
Objective 1:– Septic systems impact on water quality and quantity
Objective 2:– Economics and social acceptance of technology to
reduce impact of septic system on water quality
Objective 3:– Education and extension programs on septic systems
Date
N
ov-11
M
ar-12
July-12
N
ov-12
A
pr-13
July-13
N
ov-13
M
ar-14
july-14
Baseflowyield(cm.s
-1
.Km-2
)
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
LDS
HDS
Sampling date
Baseflowyield(cm/s/km2)
b)
Evapotranspiration
Percolation
Surfacerunoff
Groundwater
Lateralsoil
Totalwateryield
Figure 4.
Correlation
between nitrate
and septic density
(A) and N and O
isotopic signatures
of the water
samples for
source
identification (B)
Figure 1. Study sites and monitoring
stations in metro-Atlanta area, GA
(Landers and Ankcorn, 2008).
The study area (Fig 1) is in the Southern Piedmont region of USA and includes 12 watersheds with high
density (HD: >77 units km-2) and 12 watersheds with low density (LD: <38 units km-2) of septic systems.
Other watershed characteristics for HD septic group include mean septic density (216 units km-2), median
distance from stream (96 m), mean drainage area (2 km2), developed area (69%), agricultural use (4%),
forest cover (25%) and imperviousness (18%). For LD septic group: mean septic density (22 units km-2),
median distance from stream (128 m), mean drainage area (3 km2), developed area (23%), agricultural use
(33%), forest cover (37%) and imperviousness (7%).
On average, stream flow was higher in HD than LD watershed groups, the difference being the highest
during dry season (Fig 5). Model analysis of water balance output variables indicated a 3.1% increase in
total water yield at watershed-scale (Fig 6) and a 5.9% increase at sub-basin scale due to septic systems.
Mean septic systems water use was approximately 5.7% consumptive, contrary to common assumptions by
water planning agencies in Georgia.
Figure 5. Baseflow yield in streams of
watersheds with LD or HD septic systems as
estimated by the velocity meter method.
Figure 6. Watershed scale water balance (a) and %
increase (b) in total flow contributed to stream with or
without septic systems as modeled by SWAT.
Results are based on baseflow samples that were collected seasonally 9 times between 2011 and 2014.
E. coli, enterococci and Bacteroides marker for human-derived contamination (a proxy for septic influence)
showed positive and significant correlation with septic density above 100 units km-2 in spring (Fig 2),
indicating the seasonal nature of the impact of septic systems on water quality.
While both groups of watershed were affected by fecal contamination (Fig 3A), the input from septic
systems was higher in the watersheds with HD of septic systems than those with LD of septic systems. The
fecal contamination in LD watershed group mainly came from ruminants (Fig 3C).
Similar to fecal indicator bacteria data, nitrate-N was strongly and significantly correlated with septic density
above 100 units km-2 (Fig 4A). N and O isotope signatures of the water samples suggested humans and
animals to be the main sources of pollution in HD and LD watershed groups, respectively (Fig 4B),
consistent with results from Bacteroidales markers (Fig 3).
Gwinnett County residents in GA (with in the study site) were recruited to complete an online survey to
examine their perceptions of local water quality and the sources of water quality impairments.
The survey also included a choice experiment in which respondents selected one of three policy options
for addressing water pollution issues due to septic systems.
The respondents’ perception was that septic systems were not among the biggest contributors of water
contamination in the county.
Given a choice between the status quo and two septic systems upgrade programs, respondents tend to
prefer one of the upgrade programs, but enthusiasm wanes as the status quo probability of failure to meet
water quality standards decreases.
There was no clear preference for one funding mechanism over another, implying that both septic systems
and sewer users generally prefer to pay equal shares to fix the problem if it benefits everyone.
Findings of the project were summarized in
extension bulletins and short video that were
distributed to the public in prints and made
available online. Video was shown on public
access TVs in multiple counties in GA.
Seventy one Master Gardener Extension
volunteers from 13 counties of GA received 6
hours of training on septic systems and were
provided with outdoor displays and literature for
use in their programming efforts.
Study findings were also disseminated via
scientific publications (3 journal articles and 4
proceedings) and meetings (>15 abstracts).
Graduate and undergraduate students were also
trained. Two MS students graduated from the
project. Currently, two PhD students are being
trained. Several undergraduate students were
involved in the project as student workers.
Project (2011-51130-
31165) is funded by
USDA/NIFA, National
Integrated Water
Quality Program.
B
Figure 2. Correlation between water quality indicators [E. coli stream yield - A), enterococci stream yield - B,
marker yield for human derived fecal pollution - C] and septic system density
R = 0.67
Septic density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiessec-1km-2
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
R = 0.36
Septic density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiessec-1km-2
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
R = 0.42
Septic Density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiessec-1km-2
0
5e+4
1e+5
2e+5
2e+5
3e+5
3e+5
HD
LD
R = 0.32
Septic Density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiessec-1km-2
0
1e+5
2e+5
3e+5
4e+5
5e+5
HD
LD
R = 0.42
Septic Density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiesseckm
0
5e+4
1e+5
2e+5
2e+5
3e+5
3e+5
HD
LD
R = 0.32
Septic Density (units km-2)
0 100 200 300 400
Copiessec-1km-2
0
1e+5
2e+5
3e+5
4e+5
5e+5
HD
LD
B CA Enterococci (spring)E. coli (spring)
Human marker (spring)
A