This document is a survey about a technical case study of a construction project. It requests information over multiple pages about project details like location, objectives, materials used, construction techniques, challenges encountered, training provided, performance and costs. Specifics requested include building system choices, foundation and structure types, materials present on site, energy and water management strategies, and obstacles and lessons learned during construction.
Merging Value engineering and sustainability in addition to a case study on...EngTarekHassan
Table of contents
History of value engineering
Introduction to value engineering
Steps of value engineering
Purpose of value engineering
History of sustainability
Introduction to sustainability
Key dimensions of sustainability
Case study on both sustainability and value engineering(bubble deck slab)
Conclusion
References
The Eco-construction sector in the Danube Region
employs more than 1.2 million workers. The findings
of the previous chapters illustrate that this region
belongs, besides the Baltic and the South-western
European region (South-west France, Portugal and
Spain), to the front-runners in the Eco-construction
sector. Especially regions in Romania and Serbia,
but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria,
show strong economic data in different categories. More than 1250 high growth enterprises (Gazelles)
are located in the Danube Region.
There are many cluster initiatives in the field of
Eco-Construction, many of them well established
and have a good critical mass.
Find out how wood construction can contribute to a sustainable building. Using scientifically based life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this session demonstrates why wood products are better for the environment than other materials in terms of indicators such as global warming potential and resource depletion. LCA is becoming the world standard for evaluating the sustainability of materials and assemblies and improving environmentally based decision-making. See why wood from well-managed forests and plantations is a good choice when it comes to climate change.
Merging Value engineering and sustainability in addition to a case study on...EngTarekHassan
Table of contents
History of value engineering
Introduction to value engineering
Steps of value engineering
Purpose of value engineering
History of sustainability
Introduction to sustainability
Key dimensions of sustainability
Case study on both sustainability and value engineering(bubble deck slab)
Conclusion
References
The Eco-construction sector in the Danube Region
employs more than 1.2 million workers. The findings
of the previous chapters illustrate that this region
belongs, besides the Baltic and the South-western
European region (South-west France, Portugal and
Spain), to the front-runners in the Eco-construction
sector. Especially regions in Romania and Serbia,
but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Bulgaria,
show strong economic data in different categories. More than 1250 high growth enterprises (Gazelles)
are located in the Danube Region.
There are many cluster initiatives in the field of
Eco-Construction, many of them well established
and have a good critical mass.
Find out how wood construction can contribute to a sustainable building. Using scientifically based life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this session demonstrates why wood products are better for the environment than other materials in terms of indicators such as global warming potential and resource depletion. LCA is becoming the world standard for evaluating the sustainability of materials and assemblies and improving environmentally based decision-making. See why wood from well-managed forests and plantations is a good choice when it comes to climate change.
Growing and potential impacts of climate change, such as flooding in coastal areas, change in weather patterns, and melting of the permafrost have created new challenges for the engineering and construction industry. These challenges involve adaptation in the design and construction of projects to address these impacts, as well as developing ways to reduce and controlling greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to mitigate climate change.
Engineering has the lead responsibility for determining the technical feasibility and cost parameters to overcome these challenges. Engineering and construction projects are implemented with the help of a set of standard documents that lay out the work process of the projects. They include standard design detail drawings, standard design criteria, standard specifications, design guides and work process flow diagrams. Incorporating in these standard documents materials and processes which assist project engineers to identify and assess climate change related impacts can be a major step in effectively preparing to meet the challenges of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
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The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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En tool 1 blank survey data sheet case studies booklet
1. Return document for
« technical case studies »
surveys
Document to be digitally completed and emailed back to Nicolas LE DUIN
Constructys Bretagne
nicolas.leduin@constructys.fr
2. 1
SUMMARY
Identification of the survey...............................................................................................................................................2
The project........................................................................................................................................................................2
Project manager, designer and builders.......................................................................................................................2
Phasing of construction ................................................................................................................................................2
Location in the environment.........................................................................................................................................3
Objectives (project manager) - Architectural design (prime contractor).....................................................................3
Building system choice of materials..............................................................................................................................4
Type of foundations......................................................................................................................................................4
Building structure..........................................................................................................................................................4
If only one type of structure select the checkbox, if multiple please indicate the proportion...................................4
Technical implementation ............................................................................................................................................4
Circle the main techniques implemented ....................................................................................................................4
Building system for walls (multiple choice is possible).................................................................................................5
Materials possibly present on site................................................................................................................................5
Main system configurations..............................................................................................................................................6
Types of materials.........................................................................................................................................................6
Progress of the site ...........................................................................................................................................................7
Obstacles encountered and possible levers .....................................................................................................................7
Training of stakeholders ...................................................................................................................................................8
Usage analysis...................................................................................................................................................................8
Cost of construction..........................................................................................................................................................8
Attached paper to the project to recover.......................................................................................................................10
Glossary:..........................................................................................................................................................................10
3. 2
IDENTIFICATION OF THE SURVEY
Name, First name:
Organisation:
Contact :
Owners Insurance
company
Engineering
company
Architects,
project managers
Occupants Training
centres
Construction
company
Other, please
specify :
THE PROJECT
NAME OF THE PROJECT :
Country County
Adress
Town
GPS coordinates Longitude :
Latitude :
Features of the site that make it interesting in a few words:
Project manager, designer and builders
Project manager
Prime contractor
Companies involved
(Studies +
construction)
Phasing of construction
Year of development
Year of construction Year of Renovation
Type of site
Single dwelling Service building Other,please
specify :Collective housing Public buildings
Check the box
4. 3
Location in the environment
Land area (m²)
Building area (m²)
Net Floor Area as defined
by RT ‘(Thermal
Regulation)*
Net Floor Area*
Surface area* Floor area*
Type of environment
Plain Vegetation Forest Other
please
specify:
Mountain Town Countryside
Check the box
Exposure and orientation to the elements
Main orientation of living spaces:
Are you in a supportive environment
(protection, exposure, contributions, etc ...)? If not, please specify
YES NO
Objectives (project manager) - Architectural design (prime contractor)
What were the objectives of the project manager, the contractor, the owner and the developer in this project?
Detail objectives by type of construction and / or for each part of the construction (general and detailed)
Have energy and/or environmental studies been achieved?
Carbon footprint Environmental impact of construction
Travel Plan Thermal study
Life cycle analysis Thermodynamic simulation
Air quality analysis Study of the construction system by calculating the dewpoint
Radon Other please
specify:Acoustic study
Check the box
Have social processes been achieved?
For public projects, was the use or user
taken into account in design
Other,
please
specify :
Co-design of shared premises If so, please
specify :
Shared spaces to encourage
"living together"
Taking into account trips from home to
work
Have economic impact studies been conducted for the project?
5. 4
Local supply chains Other, please specify:
Building system choice of materials
Type of foundations
Superficial Deep Semi-deep
Other, please specify::
Building structure
Light
(framework)
Heavy
(stone,
concrete,.)
Other,
please
specify::
% %
If only one type of structure select the checkbox, if multiple please indicate the proportion
Technical implementation
Circle the main techniques implemented
Wood
Post &
Beam
Wood &
straw
structure
Solid hardwood
bonded panels
Solid hardwood
nailed panels
Platform frame
(Wood
framework)
Solid wood
Log or Plank
Other,
please
specify:
Hemp
Brick filling
render,
plaster
Monomur Brick Shuttered
Other, please
specify:
Geological materials
(stone, earth,...)
Stone
masonry
Dry stone
Rammed
earth
Cob
Rendering,
coating
Stone
cladding
Other, please
specify:
Straw
Dry straw
Filling material
Load-bearing
structure
Other, please
specify:
Wet straw
Beam-column
Load-bearing
structure
Other, please specify:
Others (recycled, wadding, textile ...)
Recycling structures Insulation Other, please specify:
6. 5
Comments on the materials present on the site
Building system for walls (multiple choice is possible)
Integrated thermal
insulation
Interior thermal
insulation
Other,
please specify:
External thermal
insulation
Distributed thermal
insulation
Composition of the complex of the main building system used for each part of the building
Roof Partitions Intermediate
floors
Insulation Floor Wall facing the
outside (1)
Wall
facing the
outside
(2)
Wall
facing the
outside
(3)
Other, please
specify:
Materials possibly present on site
Earth as a building
material
Straw Stone
Timber Hemp
Other, please specify :
7. 6
MAIN SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS
What technique and what material do you want to develop in this project?
On which arguments were these choices based? Highlight some technical detail significant by its rarity, the
excellence of achievement, etc…?
Types of materials
To zoom on the particular technique, this table should be filled.
Name of material:
Raw Processed Local Imported
Geographical origin
World Europe National
Origin
Vegetable Animal Mineral
Geological Recycled Other,pls specify :
Tick the appropriate box (1 per row)
Comments on the origin and the processing of materials...
Management of energy and water
Bioclimatic Management
Greenhouse Auvents Other, specify :
Windows Tromb wall
Inertia management
Hourly basis (very
easy)
Daily basis (easy) Sequential (heavy)
Energy systems
Nature Power (kWh)
Heating
8. 7
Hot water
Ventilation
Renewable energy
Mixeed system
Reduction of water consumption
Frothers Other,
specify:Optimization of hot water
networks
Progress of the site
Construction period?
Was the construction time normal In your opinion?
Do you think the planning was successful?
Management of relations between the different trades
Were there a
facilitator ?
Scheduling
Overseeing and
Coordination function
Other, pls
specify :
OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED AND POSSIBLE LEVERS
From the organisation, relationship viewpoints
Technically
In terms of professional skills
In terms of materials, supplies
In terms of regulations and insurance
Economically
Could you please specify?
If you were to do it again?
Use of rainwater collection systems YES NO
9. 8
TRAINING OF STAKEHOLDERS
How did the different stakeholders on the site acquire the necessary skills to carry out this project?
What training or experience did they benefit from?
Where did this training or these experiences take place?
USAGE ANALYSIS
Performance obtained by the initial objectives
Gap between theoretical performance and performance observed in situ (or upon invoices)
Measures available
COST OF CONSTRUCTION
Construction cost per building lot Design cost (Fees)
Site preparation and connection
Ground
Structural work
Floors Project Management
Suspended ceilings
External joinery Thermal and Fluids Engineering
OfficeFloor covering
Sealing Engineering and design office
Painting
Locksmith Consultants
Plumbing - Heating
10. 9
Electricity Consultants
Interior woodwork
Rendering Facilitator
Double partitions
Roof Rapporteur
Framework
Total cost of construction Total design cost
Total cost
Financial grants obtained to carry out works
Annual consumptions (kWh or m3
)
Heating Hot water Electriciy
11. 10
ATTACHED PAPER TO THE PROJECT TO RECOVER
Diagrams,, building plans
Drawings, sketches for points of detail
Technical details
Photographs of the building or persons
External and internal views
Views before, during and after the phase of construction / renovation
Photographs of interviewed architects, contractors
GLOSSARY:
* SHONRT (Net floor area in the sense of the Thermal Regulations of a building or part of a building used as a
house, single housing and multiple housing) :
Total floor area of each level of the building, after deduction of room surfaces without heating equipment
SHONRT (for buildings other than dwellings) is the result of multiplying the usable floor area of the building by a
factor depending on the use of the building
SHONRT = Fact .SURT (usable floor area in the sense of the Thermal Regulations)
The multiplying factor depends on the use of the building :
-Offices, primary schools: 1,1
- Secondary schools, early childhood centres, Homes for young workers, university housing : 1,2
*SHON (surface hors œuvre nette): Net Floor Area: floor area of the construction,
SHON is a measure of floor area for building construction projects. It allowed:
- to check that the density of buildings complies with the building to plot ratio applicable to the property.
- to form the basis for calculating taxes related to building construction (TLE: taxe locale d’équipement, TDENS: taxe
départementale des Espaces Naturels Sensibles, CAUE: Conseil d’architecture, d’Urbanisme et d’Environnement, …)
La SHON se calculait en soustrayant à la surface hors œuvre brute (SHOB) les surfaces suivantes1 :
The net floor area was calculated by subtracting from the gross floor area (GFA) the following surfaces:
Attic and basement space with a ceiling height less than 1.80 m;
Surfaces of flat roofs, balconies and unclosed portions located on the ground floor,
Areas currently used as technical facilities located in the basement and attic;
Areas currently used as a cellar in the basement provided that there is no opening to the outside other than those
provided for ventilation;
Building areas or part of building areas used for parking vehicles (garage);
Building areas used for housing crops, animals or farm equipment;
Area equal to 5% of the gross floor area used for housing (standard deduction for insulation of the premises), after
applying the above deductions for housing;
Specific deduction for residential building retrofit operations within 5 m2 per dwelling unit for work aimed at
improving hygiene ;
Deduction of a fixed area of 5 m2 per housing complying with the rules relating to inner accessibility for disabled
persons, provided for either in Articles R. 111-18-2, R. 111-18-6 or Articles R. 111-18-8 and R. 111-18-9 of the Code
of Construction and Housing.
12. 11
There is some case law on the concept of areas awaiting conversion or not particularly for cellars. In this regard, a
judgment of 18 May 2004 issued by the Administrative Court of Appeal of Paris ruled. This judgment motivated a
ministerial response as well as a response published in the official bulletin of urban planning law in May 2005. These
responses clearly indicate that the criteria for consistency and allocation of premises must not be confused.
The Net Floor Area must be less or equal to the land area multiplied by the building to plot ratio.
*SHAB (living area) :
The living area of a dwelling is the built floor area, after deduction of surfaces occupied by walls, partitions, stairs
and stairwells, ducts, doorways and windows; the living space is the total living areas thus defined multiplied by
ceiling heights.
Account is not taken of the unconverted area of the attic, cellars, basements, sheds, garages, terraces, loggias,
balconies, outdoor dryers, verandas, glazed volumes provided for in Article R. 111-10, common areas and other
outbuildings, or parts of premises lower than 1.80 m high.
*SDP (Surface de plancher): floor area:
The floor area of the building is defined as:
"[...] the sum of the surfaces of floors for each level closed and covered, calculated from the bare interior walls
minus:
Surfaces corresponding to the thickness of the walls surrounding the doorways and windows overlooking the
outside;
Voids and hoppers relating to stairs and elevators ;
Floor surfaces of a ceiling height less than or equal to 1.80 meter;
Floor areas developed for parking motor vehicles or not, including access ramps and manoeuvring areas ;
Floor surfaces of attics with insufficient headroom for living or for professional, craft, industrial or commercial
activities;
Floor surfaces of technical facilities necessary for the functioning of a group of buildings or a building other than a
house within the meaning of Article L. 231-1 of the Code of Construction and Housing , including waste storage
premises;
Floor surfaces of cellars or storerooms, neighbouring dwellings, when these facilities are served only by a common
part;
Covering an area equal to 10% of floor surfaces used for residential purposes possibly resulting from the application
of the preceding paragraphs, when the dwellings are serviced by internal communal space. "
- Article R. 112-2 of the Town Planning Code, as amended in Decree of 29 December 2011.1
We can see from reading this regulatory definition that some deductions only exist in buildings with multiple
dwelling units or buildings which are not being allocated to housing (technical rooms, basements and cellars with a
ceiling height greater than1.80 m, 10% of the areas served only by common parts).
The accuracy of the terms of the decree should make the calculation of the floor area less objectionable than the old
SHON.
Unlike SHON, the notion of floor area is not used for the calculation of planning taxation. Indeed, the development
fee, which also replaces the local equipment fee, as from March 1, 2012, provides its own calculation of surfaces,
also calculated from the bare interior walls, but with fewer deductions than the SDP.