Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
6. Mineral refers to a naturally occurring, inorganic
substance with a crystalline* structure.
*Crystals are composed of a repeating structural
unit composed of atoms of one or more elements.
The elements present and their amount in a crystal
alter their qualities, affecting the minerals they
form.
8. Color – easy to observe but is not the most reliable
reference for identification of minerals. Impurities may affect
the color of minerals depending on their amount.
Streak – the color observed when the mineral is finely
powdered.
Hardness – the mineral’s resistance to scratching. This is
measured using the Mohs scale of hardness.
Crystal structure – the geometric arrangement of atoms in
the crystalline form of minerals.
9. Cleavage – the tendency to break along parallel layers. Minerals have
different zones of weakness and will, therefore, break into varied shapes
when force is applied.
Fracture – the breaks in the mineral that are irregular in shape.
Fractures mostly result from the lack of well-defined zones of weakness.
Luster – the way a mineral reflects light. The luster of minerals can be
metallic, pearly, vitreous, or earthy.
Density – depends on the kinds of atoms that comprise the mineral and
how its crystal structure is packed. The formula for density is mass
divided by volume.
11. Minerals are often formed in a liquid
environment, such as water solutions or
magma.
When temperature decreases, bonds
eventually begin to form between the
atoms and start forming nucleation centers
that will soon become crystals.
12. Mineral formation may also occur in cool water
solutions provided that there is a high concentration
of ions.
The charges in these ions pull them together,
resulting in the precipitation of crystals within the
solution.
Large crystals are the result of slow cooling process
or high water content.
Small or even microscopic crystals result from rapid
cooling or the presence of a small volume of water.
18. Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed when
molten rocks (lava or magma) cool and harden.
The time it takes for the magma to cool determines
the texture of the rock.
Two-thirds of the Earth’s crust is composed of
igneous rocks. Examples of igneous rocks are
andesite, pumice, basalt, obsidian, and rhyolite.
19.
20. Sedimenatary rocks are rocks that
are formed from previously
existing rocks that have been
broken down into small particles or
have been dissolved in solutions.
These particles are transported by
moving water and are deposited as
sediments.
21. The weight of each deposited
layer of sediments increases the
pressure on the lower layers,
squeezing water out and packing the
particles tighter in a process known
as compaction.
22. Chemical deposits then fill the spaces
between the particles, precipitate, and
hold the particles together. This process
is called cementation.
Examples of sedimentary rocks are
breccia, conglomerate, sandstone,
shale, and siltstone.
23.
24. These are previously existing rocks that
have been in contact with high temperature
or pressure, changing their chemical
characteristics and turning them into a
different rock.
Examples of metamorphic rocks are gneiss,
slate, quartzite, schist, and marble.
33. Weathering is a process which reduces the size of rocks
and prepares materials for transport. Weathering can
occur mechanically or chemically.
Mechanical weathering – the process of breaking down of
rocks without changing their chemical composition. Changes in
temperature, wind, water, roots of tress and plants, pull of
gravity, and burrowing animals contributes to this process.
Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks by chemical
mechanisms. This process usually involves water and how it
reacts with other substances.
34. Hydration is the reaction that occurs when
the minerals in a rock dissolve when they
come in contact with water.
Carbonation is the reaction between rocks
and carbonic acid formed by the dissolution
of carbon dioxide in water.
Oxidation causes rocks to become fragile.
37. The mixture of different products of weathering
and nondecaying organic matter, known as
humus, makes up the soil.
This readily movable mixture is found on top of a
stable layer of bedrock.
Different soil types are identified based on certain
factors such as type of parent rock, climate, period
of accumulation, elevation, amount of rainfall, and
other environmental variables.
38. The arrangement and distribution of
particles in the soil are also factors that
can affect fertility.
Soil fertility refers to the amount of
nutrients that is essential for plants to
grow.
40. The components of soil pile up and are
physically removed from their place
through the process of erosion.
The materials are transported to different
locations by natural elements such as
moving water, wind, gravity, and
animals.
41. Mass movement or mass wasting – displacement of
materials down from a higher location.
There are different mass movements, depending on
the materials involved or the manner of movement.
The two types of mass movement of soil and rocks are:
(1) Creep – slow movement of large quantities of
soil over a long period of time.
(2) Landslide – sudden and rapid movement of soil
and rocks.
48. Although Earth's surface significantly lost heat, its inner
layers have high temperature.
The heat that the planet produces is almost the same
as the amount it loses, keeping temperature constant.
Radioactive decay is the phenomenon that maintains
the production of heat inside the Earth.
The radioactive elements within the planet, such as
uranium, decay and produce heat in the process.
50. Diastrophism – a geological process that forms
structures such as mountains, valleys, and plateaus on
the crust. The movements of crustal plates.
Magmatism – a geological process by which magma is
produced by partial melting of subsurface rocks. Magma
is pushed upward by pressure through vents and can
reach the Earth’s surface.
The displacement and deformation of rock layers in the
Earth’s crust and mantle.
51. The applied force that causes Earth's deformations is called
stress. Stress is subdivided into three major types that may be
observed as a single event or in combinations:
Tensional stress – provides a stretching pressure away from
a central plane and results in an increase in total volume.
Shearing stress – the pressure applied to opposite directions
from a parallel central plane that results in a significant change in
the initial shape of the rock layer.
Compressional stress – Imposes a squeezing pressure
toward a central plane and results in a decrease in total volume.
53. Folds – wavelike plastic deformations in rock layers that
are the result of horizontal compressional stresses.
There are three types of folds:
Monocline fold – involves a slight double flexure of
parallel rock layers.
Anticline fold – upwarping of rock layers that results
in an arch-like structure with a convex-up configuration.
Syncline fold – downwarping of rock layers is
observed.
55. Joints – brittle deformations where fractures are
present in the rock layer, but the movement of
rock materials is not evident.
Faults – breaks in rock layers in which a
significant movement going toward opposite
directions occurs.
56. Normal or dip-slip fault – develops from vertical tensional stress acting on
opposite rock slabs, resulting in one slab that is displaced upward and the other slab
that is downward.
Reverse fault – occurs when compressional stress occurs between opposite rock
slabs, causing one displaced upward slab and another that is moved downward.
Graben fault – produced when tensional stress results in the down-dropping of a
central slab of a rock layer.
Horst fault – uplifting of a rock layer that is caused by the interactions of two
reverse faults.
Strike-slip fault – horizontal movement of two rock layers that are parallel to each
other, resulting from shearing stress.
61. Divergent plate movement is when
two plates move away from each
other.
It is scientifically documented to be the
main cause of seafloor spreading.
62. Convergent plate movement is when
plates may move toward each other
and collide.
Convergent plate movement includes
subduction.
63. Subduction is when the thinner and denser
oceanic plate is forced to slide under the much
thicker continental plate.
Subduction zone is the term for the area of
constant contact where the slab going downward
and the overriding slab is produced.
64. Lateral slipping plate movement refers to when
plates may come in contact and produce
tremendous pressure that is oriented sideways
from each other in opposite directions.
At some point, the pressure building up between
the contact areas of these laterally oriented plates
slip apart, producing earthquake.
67. The continental drift theory was among the first attempts to
explain the presence of similar species of animal and
plant fossils in different continents.
The theory was first proposed in 1912 by Alfred Lothar
Wegener, a German geophysicist.
The theory was later presented with much more details in his
book The Origin of Continents and Oceans in 1915.
Wegener had deduced that the shapes of the continents we
have today may be fitted together, similar to a puzzle, to
produce one big supercontinent that he called Pangaea.