Hyphenating Convergence Chromatography with UV and MS Detection for Compositional, Impurity and Degradation Analysis of High Performance Electronic Materials
This document discusses using convergence chromatography (UPC2) coupled with UV and MS detection for analyzing liquid crystal materials. UPC2 provides advantages over traditional HPLC and GC methods due to its ability to separate compounds that may not be stable at high temperatures or volatile. Examples are given of using UPC2-UV for impurity profiling and compositional analysis of liquid crystal intermediates. The document also explores interfacing UPC2 with MS detection for increased selectivity and specificity in analyzing these materials. In summary, UPC2 coupled with various detection methods is presented as an effective technique for characterizing compounds used in liquid crystal displays.
This webinar will provide pesticides residue analysts with valuable information on the development and optimization of chromatographic separations and mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in food. The expert speakers will share their knowledge in understanding the critical aspects of the method, assisting analysts in optimizing their methods for the most challenging analyses.
In the pharmaceutical arena there is great interest in solid core technology, where there is a broad range of sample types as well as requirements throughout the process of developing new chemical entities. The presentation looks at how solid core technology can be readily adapted to cope with the challenges associated with the pharmaceutical sector, looking at various sample matrices and molecular entities, from small molecules to large biomolecules. The presentation gives an insight into how varying the solid core to porous layer allows the user to optimize separation performance by reducing extra band broadening. Data presented demonstrates how this technology is more robust than fully porous systems when analyzing biological extracts, routinely used in DMPK departments, resulting in longer column lifetimes.
Presentation Outline for Expanding Your High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Capabilities with Universal Detection-Shedding Light on Non-Chromophore Compounds:
• Introduction to Charged Aerosol Detection
• How Charged Aerosol Technology Works
• Comparison with Evaporative Light Scattering Detectors
(ELSD)
• Examples of Applications
• Inverse Gradient Solution for Uniform Response
Over the past decade, the number of mAb candidates entering the clinical pipeline has grown significantly. In addition, the number of ADCs that use mAb specificity to carry drug payloads to target sites has increased. As a result, analytical characterization is in high demand.
This webinar discusses new innovations in sample preparation, column technology, UHPLC, and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) that allow the development of analytical methods with run times of less than 5 minutes for all routine methods.
This webinar will provide pesticides residue analysts with valuable information on the development and optimization of chromatographic separations and mass spectrometry methods for the analysis of pesticide residues in food. The expert speakers will share their knowledge in understanding the critical aspects of the method, assisting analysts in optimizing their methods for the most challenging analyses.
In the pharmaceutical arena there is great interest in solid core technology, where there is a broad range of sample types as well as requirements throughout the process of developing new chemical entities. The presentation looks at how solid core technology can be readily adapted to cope with the challenges associated with the pharmaceutical sector, looking at various sample matrices and molecular entities, from small molecules to large biomolecules. The presentation gives an insight into how varying the solid core to porous layer allows the user to optimize separation performance by reducing extra band broadening. Data presented demonstrates how this technology is more robust than fully porous systems when analyzing biological extracts, routinely used in DMPK departments, resulting in longer column lifetimes.
Presentation Outline for Expanding Your High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography Capabilities with Universal Detection-Shedding Light on Non-Chromophore Compounds:
• Introduction to Charged Aerosol Detection
• How Charged Aerosol Technology Works
• Comparison with Evaporative Light Scattering Detectors
(ELSD)
• Examples of Applications
• Inverse Gradient Solution for Uniform Response
Over the past decade, the number of mAb candidates entering the clinical pipeline has grown significantly. In addition, the number of ADCs that use mAb specificity to carry drug payloads to target sites has increased. As a result, analytical characterization is in high demand.
This webinar discusses new innovations in sample preparation, column technology, UHPLC, and high resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) that allow the development of analytical methods with run times of less than 5 minutes for all routine methods.
Outline of presentation:
Overview — Plating Baths and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Determination of Accelerator and Suppressor by HPLC and Charged Aerosol Detection
Sample Preparation, Calibration, Measurements
Comparisons to CVS data
Determination of Accelerator and Leveller by HPLC and Electrochemical Detection (ECD)
Coulometric Detection Mechanism and Design
Calibration and Measurements
Nickel Additives, Saccharin and Sodium Alkylsulfate
Gage Study Results
Investigation into the design and application of solid core stationary phases has led to a better understanding of how the phases work and has resulted in their design aligned to the structure of the analytes being separated. The current range of columns available is discussed both in terms of selectivities, and also morphologies, allowing informed decisions to be made by the chromatographer. Using real life examples, coupled with advanced modeling, the effects of the particle size and morphology will be given for both small and large molecules, offering an insight into what the future holds for solid core products.
Key Learning Objectives
- Learn how the use of automated software can make SRM development faster and more highly optimized.
- Learn how the use of a compound data store can further simplify method creation.
- Learn how the use of retention time-based SRM acquisition can increase MS/MS sensitivity and make method maintenance easier.
Event Overview:
In recent years, Gas Chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has increased in popularity due to its ability to offer lower detection limits in complex matrices, simplified sample prep requirements, and faster analysis times. Of course, new instrument technology presents the need for the acquiring of new skills to harness the advantages offered by its adoption into current workflows.
In this webinar, a strategy for addressing both of these challenges is discussed in the context of new software designed to automate common method development and method maintenance tasks. Also, in addition to making the triple quadrupole easier to use, this strategy can increase sensitivity of the analysis, which will be demonstrated using a complex SRM pesticide method as an example.
For more information: www.thermoscientific.com/tsq8000
In this webinar Dr. Bertrand Rochat of Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine of the Centre Hospitalier Universitraire Vaudois (CHUV) at Lausanne discusses the paradigm shift to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in clinical research for quantitative analyses (sensitivity, selectivity, etc.). Quantifications in high resolution full scan or MS/MS mode will be compared with triple quadrupole MS. He will present Quan/Qual analysis with a study on the fate of an anti-cancer agent in human: with over 40 metabolites being identified and quantified; as well as metabolomics data underscoring the versatility of high resolution Orbitrap MS.
A single chromatographic method was developed for the separation and quantitation of ten common seized drugs. The single quadrupole mass spectrometer, LCMS 2020, demonstrated its capability for simultaneous detection and confirmation using in source fragmentation of all analytes. Linear calibration curves were acquired for each analyte.
The growth of, and the confidence in, hemp products will require applicable testing to ensure product quality and safety. Chromatography technology will play a large role in this as the technique is used for potency testing. This study optimizes a quantitative chromatographic determination of 15 cannabinoids using the Shimadzu Hemp Analyzer.
3° Presentazione del Workshop Finale del Progetto IPA/BC-Monitor
Il progetto IPA/BC-Monitor ha sviluppato un sistema innovativo, compatto e standalone, per la misura online di due componenti chiave del particolato atmosferico, IPA e BC.
Sito web del progetto: www.ipabcmonitor.it
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are known carcinogens that may occur as disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Traditionally these compounds were analyzed using helium (He) carrier gas, the cost of which has increased tremendously over the years. In this application, we explored using alternative hydrogen (H2) carrier gas to determine HAA concentrations according to EPA method 552.3.
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
This presentation describes the operation and application of the Waters APGC (Atmospheric Pressure Gas Chromatography) ion source which provides a highly sensitive GC-MS, MS/MS capability for tandem quadrupole and time of flight MS systems. It is very easy to swap between APGC, Electrospray (for UPLC) and other ion sources without instrument venting in minutes.
APGC provides significant performance advantages over traditional GC/MS ionisation methods, giving high sensitivity and less fragmented spectra.
Fast, selective, and sensitive methods can be developed for the analysis of impurities
Offering many business benefits using UPLC and UPC2
Increase in sample throughput
Reduction in toxic solvent usage
Using mass spectral detection over UV detection provides
Improvement in sensitivity and selectivity
Reduced matrix effects
PDA and mass detection provide complementary information for peak assignment and structural confirmation of impurities
Outline of presentation:
Overview — Plating Baths and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Determination of Accelerator and Suppressor by HPLC and Charged Aerosol Detection
Sample Preparation, Calibration, Measurements
Comparisons to CVS data
Determination of Accelerator and Leveller by HPLC and Electrochemical Detection (ECD)
Coulometric Detection Mechanism and Design
Calibration and Measurements
Nickel Additives, Saccharin and Sodium Alkylsulfate
Gage Study Results
Investigation into the design and application of solid core stationary phases has led to a better understanding of how the phases work and has resulted in their design aligned to the structure of the analytes being separated. The current range of columns available is discussed both in terms of selectivities, and also morphologies, allowing informed decisions to be made by the chromatographer. Using real life examples, coupled with advanced modeling, the effects of the particle size and morphology will be given for both small and large molecules, offering an insight into what the future holds for solid core products.
Key Learning Objectives
- Learn how the use of automated software can make SRM development faster and more highly optimized.
- Learn how the use of a compound data store can further simplify method creation.
- Learn how the use of retention time-based SRM acquisition can increase MS/MS sensitivity and make method maintenance easier.
Event Overview:
In recent years, Gas Chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry has increased in popularity due to its ability to offer lower detection limits in complex matrices, simplified sample prep requirements, and faster analysis times. Of course, new instrument technology presents the need for the acquiring of new skills to harness the advantages offered by its adoption into current workflows.
In this webinar, a strategy for addressing both of these challenges is discussed in the context of new software designed to automate common method development and method maintenance tasks. Also, in addition to making the triple quadrupole easier to use, this strategy can increase sensitivity of the analysis, which will be demonstrated using a complex SRM pesticide method as an example.
For more information: www.thermoscientific.com/tsq8000
In this webinar Dr. Bertrand Rochat of Faculté de Biologie et de Médecine of the Centre Hospitalier Universitraire Vaudois (CHUV) at Lausanne discusses the paradigm shift to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) in clinical research for quantitative analyses (sensitivity, selectivity, etc.). Quantifications in high resolution full scan or MS/MS mode will be compared with triple quadrupole MS. He will present Quan/Qual analysis with a study on the fate of an anti-cancer agent in human: with over 40 metabolites being identified and quantified; as well as metabolomics data underscoring the versatility of high resolution Orbitrap MS.
A single chromatographic method was developed for the separation and quantitation of ten common seized drugs. The single quadrupole mass spectrometer, LCMS 2020, demonstrated its capability for simultaneous detection and confirmation using in source fragmentation of all analytes. Linear calibration curves were acquired for each analyte.
The growth of, and the confidence in, hemp products will require applicable testing to ensure product quality and safety. Chromatography technology will play a large role in this as the technique is used for potency testing. This study optimizes a quantitative chromatographic determination of 15 cannabinoids using the Shimadzu Hemp Analyzer.
3° Presentazione del Workshop Finale del Progetto IPA/BC-Monitor
Il progetto IPA/BC-Monitor ha sviluppato un sistema innovativo, compatto e standalone, per la misura online di due componenti chiave del particolato atmosferico, IPA e BC.
Sito web del progetto: www.ipabcmonitor.it
Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are known carcinogens that may occur as disinfection byproducts in drinking water. Traditionally these compounds were analyzed using helium (He) carrier gas, the cost of which has increased tremendously over the years. In this application, we explored using alternative hydrogen (H2) carrier gas to determine HAA concentrations according to EPA method 552.3.
Process monitoring – feedback for water treatment may improve the efficiency of the treatment process – use fewer chemicals to achieve require effluent emission limits
Measurement of Se, As for compliance with Steam Electric Generating Effluent Guidelines
Monitoring of treatment of wastewater by biological based treatment systems
Measurement of Corrosion Products (e.g. Fe, Ni, Cr and Mn) to improve operating efficiency
Measurement of Elements in Nuclear Power Plant Applications (e.g. Pb, Cu, Fe)
Reduce laboratory analysis costs
Similar to Hyphenating Convergence Chromatography with UV and MS Detection for Compositional, Impurity and Degradation Analysis of High Performance Electronic Materials
This presentation describes the operation and application of the Waters APGC (Atmospheric Pressure Gas Chromatography) ion source which provides a highly sensitive GC-MS, MS/MS capability for tandem quadrupole and time of flight MS systems. It is very easy to swap between APGC, Electrospray (for UPLC) and other ion sources without instrument venting in minutes.
APGC provides significant performance advantages over traditional GC/MS ionisation methods, giving high sensitivity and less fragmented spectra.
Fast, selective, and sensitive methods can be developed for the analysis of impurities
Offering many business benefits using UPLC and UPC2
Increase in sample throughput
Reduction in toxic solvent usage
Using mass spectral detection over UV detection provides
Improvement in sensitivity and selectivity
Reduced matrix effects
PDA and mass detection provide complementary information for peak assignment and structural confirmation of impurities
Jane Cooper, Senior Applications Scientist
Separation by UPC2 is an ideal alternative to both HPLC and GC analysis
- Ability to run LC and GC amenable compounds in single analysis
-Fast 7 minute analysis of the 24 regulated allergens and 6 additional compounds containing:
– Different classes of compounds
– Different polarities
- UC2 with MS detection offers an orthogonal technique, which enables greater selectivity and specificity compared to either HPLC or GC analysis alon
- The developed 7 minute UPC2 method, is greater than 6 times faster than existing HPLC and GC
Method development for the analysis of mono-carbonyl compounds in e-vapor pro...Rana Tayyarah
A robust method for ecigarette FDA-CTP PMTA guidance analytes:
formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, crotonaldehyde
This presentation also includes details related to method optimization experiments.
2020_ST03_ZhuJ copy.pdf
This presentation discusses continuous monitoring and why a new method is needed that measures total nitrogen (TN) as a single result. High temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) is also presented as an method for monitoring TN. For more information, go to ssi.shimadzu.com or follow Shiamdzu on Twitter @shimadzussi. Thanks for viewing.
This presentation will provide an introduction to the technology and benefits of Waters ACQUITY Ultra Performance Convergence Chromatography system (UPC2) and illustrate how it can impact the analysis of chemicals and polymers.
The ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography (APC™) System is a breakthrough technology that defines the ultimate in size-based chromatographic separations, delivering more information about your polymers faster than ever before. This means better characterization, improved asset utilization and a superior solution for achieving corporate innovation and sustainability goals.
This presentation discusses the history of size exclusion chromatography from gel permeation to modern day columns, and introduces the next evolution in polymer chromatography, the ACQUITY Advanced Polymer Chromatography system.
There is a need to screen for an ever increasing number of chemically diverse contaminants that maybe present in the environment. Typically these contaminants may only be present at very low (ppb or even ppt) concentrations and due to the the complexity of the sample matrices encountered this screening is an increasingly demanding analytical challenge.
Practical Implementation of the New Elemental Impurities Guidelines May 2015SGS
The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) released its Q3D Guideline for Elemental Impurities in December 2014, initiating reviews and changes in quality testing programs in bio/pharmaceutical companies around the world. In advance of the implementation dates, companies need to assess the risks of potential elemental impurities in their process and materials streams.
In this presentation, experts will review the requirements of elemental impurities guidelines from ICH, the European Pharmacopeia, and United States Pharmacopeia, outline practical recommendations to address implementation challenges, and discuss key considerations for analytical testing programs.
This presentation describes a new food testing solution that allows mass detection to be accessible for many of the routine analyses found within a food testing lab. The ACQUITY UPLC, QDa detector in combination with the Empower software solution is fit for purpose and is easy to use. You simply power on and you are ready to go
With the ACQUITY QDa detector many of the normal processes that are required for mass spectrometers (such as mass calibration and optimisation and manual adjustments that need to be made) have all been fully automated.
OPHTHALMIC NANOSUSPENSION OF PREDNISOLONE ACETATE Yash Nandwani
Thesis Presentation at NIPER Mohali
Similar to Hyphenating Convergence Chromatography with UV and MS Detection for Compositional, Impurity and Degradation Analysis of High Performance Electronic Materials (20)
Jane Cooper, Senior Applications Scientist, Waters Corporation.
Method development
Aim: One peak = one compound
Detect coelutions and peaks missed by optical detection
Track peaks more effectively
Sample profiling
Aim: Identify components and quantify
Process complex matrices and low level target compounds
Improved selectivity, more sensitivity
Synthetic chemistry
Aim: Confirm product identity
Improve turnaround of results
Improve information available on impurities
Purification
Aim: Isolate pure compound
Collect fewer fractions with increased confidence
Waters analytical technologies enable laboratories to generate more information, complete analyses more rapidly and reduce overall costs throughout key steps in the agrochemical development workflow - including Synthetic Chemistry, Purification, Formulation, Trace Detection, Metabolite ID.
Carlos Afonso, Université de Rouen, Laboratoire COBRA, Plateau technique C2iorga
In this presentation, Carlos Afonso describes the analysis of polymers and petroleum by ion mobility mass spectrometry and utilises novel sample introduction techniques such as the Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP).
Vlad Lobodin, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory & Future Fuels Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida - discusses advanced mass spectrometry techniques for the characterization of crude oil.
Professor Cristina Nerin. Professor of Analytical Chemistry. University of Zaragoza, Spain discusses the benefits of Collisional Cross Section measurements in Ion Mobility for the confirmation of food contaminant in packaging.
Horning’s group in the 1970’s developed atmospheric pressure ionization (API) mass spectrometry (MS), but it was electrospray ionization that drove the commercialization of API-MS as a liquid introduction technology. The utility of gaseous introduction of volatile compounds into an API source and new developments in GC-API/MS and ASAP-MS will be discussed along with the newly discovered matrix-assisted ionization technology that allows ionization of low and high mass compounds on API instruments without use of a laser, high voltage, or even heat.
Ion mobility- mass spectrometry can help to offer an additional orthogonal dimension of separation, and can help to deconvolute isomeric species in the ion mobility dimension, which, in turn, helps to simplify the analysis of these highly complex samples, and map the compositional space of petroleum samples, and can also characterise the shapes and sizes, or collisional cross sections, of molecules of interest.
The most important component of this work was the development of novel software that helps the user to visualise, interact with, and process ion mobility data – so, for the first time, we are able to utilise the ion mobility dimension in comprehensive petroleomics analyses.
APGC is a soft ionization technique which produces lower levels of fragmentation compared to traditional EI. Working in dry conditions, APGC typically produces spectra with strong radical cation molecular ions that facilitates the direct comparison of historic, archival EI data from many different sources. The abundant nature of these ions makes it possible to generate specific and sensitive MRM transitions for petroleum biomarkers which provide information on the biological source of the oil, the environment in which the parent organic matter was deposited, and the thermal history of the buried organic matter. Knowledge of these properties is especially useful in upstream applications and is ultimately linked to the economic productivity from a particular geological location.
The universal ionization source offered on all Waters instrumentation facilitates the quick and simple coupling of APGC, UPLC or UPC2 on a single MS platform. Coupled with Xevo TQ-S, APGC enables low-level quantification of petroleum biomarkers that have proved challenging to analyze using GC-MS systems, allowing unambiguous confirmation of the deposition environment from which the oil originates.
Classifying Petroleum Samples with Waters SYNAPT HDMS and Omics LLC PetroOrg Petroleomics Software
Combines the value of Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (IM-MS) and accurate mass information with petroleomics data processing to easily characterize petroleum chemical composition.
http://www.waters.com/waters/en_US/Petroleomics-Analysis-Solution/nav.htm?cid=134802174&bcid=134528340
Waters’ SYNAPT G2-Si HDMS instrument, with its quadrupole – ion mobility-ToF geometry, is an unrivalled tool for the characterisation of complex materials
The orthogonal separation offered by ion mobility enables powerful structural elucidation workflows
Collisional Cross Section (CCS) measurements provide valuable confirmatory data points
Ion mobility-specific software allows interactive data evaluation and processing
Partnering and collaborating with key thought leaders has resulted in the development of unique petroleum industry-specific data processing software
More from Waters Corporation - Chemical Materials (11)
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...
Hyphenating Convergence Chromatography with UV and MS Detection for Compositional, Impurity and Degradation Analysis of High Performance Electronic Materials