Employment legislations are laws that shape the relationship between employers and employees by protecting employees from unfair dismissal and discrimination. They prevent discrimination based on characteristics like race, religion, sex, age or disability. Employment legislations also define what makes a dismissal fair or unfair, such as dismissing an employee for deliberately destroying company property versus dismissing them based on their race. While these laws impose constraints on businesses, they also provide opportunities to treat employees fairly. The document discusses employment contracts, different types of employment laws, and gives examples to help understand their purpose and effect on businesses.