What do you mean by trade cycle?
Discuss different phases of tade cycle?
Explain various methods of trade cycle?
What are features of trade cycle?
Characteristics of trade cycle.
Some Basic Concept of Macro Economics Raman Dhiman
Final goods have crossed the boundary of production and are ready for consumption by end users, such as pens for students or milk for households. Intermediate goods are still within production and are used to make other goods, like paper for book publishing or milk for chocolate making. Durable goods can be used for over a year, while non-durable or single-use goods cannot be reused for consumption purposes. Producer goods, capital goods and real flows involve the production of further goods and services, whereas consumption goods and money flows involve the exchange of final goods for household use.
The document discusses India's New Economic Policy introduced in 1991. It overviews the objectives of liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG model). The policy aimed to reduce restrictions on the private sector, open key industries to foreign investment, and integrate India's economy globally through trade reforms like tariff reductions. It also privatized state-owned enterprises to increase competition and efficiency. The goal was to boost economic growth and make India more attractive to global investors through a market-oriented approach.
Describe the support of government for start up leading to emergence to new e...Raman Dhiman
The document discusses the emergence of an entrepreneurial class in India supported by the government. It provides context on entrepreneurship in ancient and modern India. It then outlines several key ways the government supports new entrepreneurs and startups through programs like Startup India, a Fund of Funds, tax incentives, self-certification exemptions, the Atal Innovation Mission, relaxed public procurement norms, and intellectual property benefits. The government aims to foster innovation and new businesses by reducing regulatory barriers and providing funding resources for entrepreneurship and startups.
Is it necessary for an entrepreneur to be a manager also?Raman Dhiman
The document discusses whether an entrepreneur needs to also be a manager. It notes that while managers do not necessarily need to be entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs usually must be good managers. This is because entrepreneurs need to pull together a variety of people and manage them to effectively run and operate a company, even if it is only for a short period of time before handing over management responsibilities to someone else. Entrepreneurs are responsible for the overall leadership, operations, and success of the business they founded.
Role played by entrepreneurship in economic development in India Raman Dhiman
The document discusses the major role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of India. It notes that entrepreneurs locate and exploit opportunities, converting idle resources into national income and wealth through goods and services. This promotes capital formation, creates large-scale employment, encourages balanced regional development, reduces concentration of economic power, stimulates wealth creation and distribution, and increases gross national product and per capita income - all of which are essential to a country's economic development.
Some Basic Concept of Macro Economics Raman Dhiman
Final goods have crossed the boundary of production and are ready for consumption by end users, such as pens for students or milk for households. Intermediate goods are still within production and are used to make other goods, like paper for book publishing or milk for chocolate making. Durable goods can be used for over a year, while non-durable or single-use goods cannot be reused for consumption purposes. Producer goods, capital goods and real flows involve the production of further goods and services, whereas consumption goods and money flows involve the exchange of final goods for household use.
The document discusses India's New Economic Policy introduced in 1991. It overviews the objectives of liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG model). The policy aimed to reduce restrictions on the private sector, open key industries to foreign investment, and integrate India's economy globally through trade reforms like tariff reductions. It also privatized state-owned enterprises to increase competition and efficiency. The goal was to boost economic growth and make India more attractive to global investors through a market-oriented approach.
Describe the support of government for start up leading to emergence to new e...Raman Dhiman
The document discusses the emergence of an entrepreneurial class in India supported by the government. It provides context on entrepreneurship in ancient and modern India. It then outlines several key ways the government supports new entrepreneurs and startups through programs like Startup India, a Fund of Funds, tax incentives, self-certification exemptions, the Atal Innovation Mission, relaxed public procurement norms, and intellectual property benefits. The government aims to foster innovation and new businesses by reducing regulatory barriers and providing funding resources for entrepreneurship and startups.
Is it necessary for an entrepreneur to be a manager also?Raman Dhiman
The document discusses whether an entrepreneur needs to also be a manager. It notes that while managers do not necessarily need to be entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs usually must be good managers. This is because entrepreneurs need to pull together a variety of people and manage them to effectively run and operate a company, even if it is only for a short period of time before handing over management responsibilities to someone else. Entrepreneurs are responsible for the overall leadership, operations, and success of the business they founded.
Role played by entrepreneurship in economic development in India Raman Dhiman
The document discusses the major role of entrepreneurship in the economic development of India. It notes that entrepreneurs locate and exploit opportunities, converting idle resources into national income and wealth through goods and services. This promotes capital formation, creates large-scale employment, encourages balanced regional development, reduces concentration of economic power, stimulates wealth creation and distribution, and increases gross national product and per capita income - all of which are essential to a country's economic development.
Financial market and types of money market Raman Dhiman
Business class introduction. Professor Raman Dhiman welcomes students to his business class which will cover introductions to business, financial markets including money markets and their instruments. Money markets deal in debt of less than one year and are used by governments, corporations, and investors to manage cash flow and modest profits.
Financial market: concept, function, types of financial market (part-b)Raman Dhiman
This document introduces a business class taught by Prof. Raman Dhiman that covers introductory topics like financial markets, their concepts, functions and types. The professor welcomes students to the class and asks if they have any questions before ending.
Financial management: concept of financial management, factor of financial ma...Raman Dhiman
Financial management concept
Financial planning concept
Capital structure concept
Fixed capital and working capital concept
Factors affecting of above mention
Financial management concept
Understand the concept of financial decisions
Understand the concept of financial planning and importance of financial planning
Understand the concept of financial structure and importance and factors of financial structure
Chapter controlling important Questions Raman Dhiman
Controlling,meaning,features,importance,steps involved in the process of controlling
Important Questions in chapter of controlling
Case studies chapter controlling
Controlling, importance of Controlling, discuss the steps involved in control...Raman Dhiman
Understanding the concept of controlling
Discuss the steps in the process of controlling
Discuss the importance of Controlling
Important Questions in controlling
Concept of training and development and short note on different methods of tr...Raman Dhiman
Concept of training and development
Importance of training in the organization and for the employees
Discuss on the job and off the job training
Meaning of vestibule training and apprenticeship training and internship training.
Difference between training and development
Meaning of selection and describe the steps involved in selection process Raman Dhiman
The document discusses staffing and the selection process in business studies. It contains questions about the meaning of selection and the steps involved in the selection process. The document also contains short notes and one mark questions related to the topic of selection.
The document discusses staffing and recruitment in business studies. It covers understanding the recruitment process and its steps. Sources of recruitment include selection tests, employment interviews, promotion, and external sources like job portals and employment agencies. External sources provide benefits like a large candidate pool and diverse options.
This document discusses corporate accounts and the issue of rights and bonus shares. It outlines presenting information on the issue of capital and disclosure requirements related to rights and bonus shares being issued by corporations. In 3 sentences or less, the high level topics to be covered are rights and bonus shares being issued by corporations and the disclosure requirements around issuing additional capital.
Describe the steps of staffing process Raman Dhiman
This document appears to be about business studies and staffing. It mentions Prof. Raman Dhiman and a chapter on staffing. However, there is not enough contextual information or details in the document to provide a fully informative 3 sentence summary.
This document appears to be about a case study chapter related to staffing from a business studies professor named Raman Dhiman. It mentions case studies and staffing but provides no other context or details.
The document introduces Commerce classes taught by Prof. Raman Dhiman and covers topics like Business Studies and an introduction to his class. It discusses understanding the concept of staffing and the importance of staffing.
Distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditureRaman Dhiman
What are the main tests of distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure? In the light of the above tests, would you allow as revenue expenditure the amount spent by a bank in opening new branches?
How would you distinguish between a capital loss from a revenue loss? Give a ...Raman Dhiman
This document welcomes students to Prof. Raman Dhiman's commerce class and covers topics related to income tax, capital and revenue losses, and definitions. It introduces capital loss as loss from a decrease in value of a capital asset like real estate that is not realized until the asset is sold for less than the purchase price. Revenue loss is defined as making less money from operations than expected due to external factors like losing customers or market changes. The document concludes by thanking students for listening and asking if they have any questions.
Important Questions chapter employment Raman Dhiman
The document discusses important questions related to employment and unemployment. It likely contains questions about an individual's work history, reasons for leaving jobs, and current employment status to determine eligibility for unemployment benefits or help finding new work. The short title indicates it focuses on key issues for assessing one's job situation.
What do you mean by bonus shares? What are the various sources from which the...Raman Dhiman
This document discusses provisions of the companies act regarding the issue of bonus shares. It outlines that bonus shares refer to additional shares issued by a company to its existing shareholders. The companies act has certain rules around when a company can issue bonus shares, how many can be issued, and what approvals are required from shareholders and other authorities.
Financial market and types of money market Raman Dhiman
Business class introduction. Professor Raman Dhiman welcomes students to his business class which will cover introductions to business, financial markets including money markets and their instruments. Money markets deal in debt of less than one year and are used by governments, corporations, and investors to manage cash flow and modest profits.
Financial market: concept, function, types of financial market (part-b)Raman Dhiman
This document introduces a business class taught by Prof. Raman Dhiman that covers introductory topics like financial markets, their concepts, functions and types. The professor welcomes students to the class and asks if they have any questions before ending.
Financial management: concept of financial management, factor of financial ma...Raman Dhiman
Financial management concept
Financial planning concept
Capital structure concept
Fixed capital and working capital concept
Factors affecting of above mention
Financial management concept
Understand the concept of financial decisions
Understand the concept of financial planning and importance of financial planning
Understand the concept of financial structure and importance and factors of financial structure
Chapter controlling important Questions Raman Dhiman
Controlling,meaning,features,importance,steps involved in the process of controlling
Important Questions in chapter of controlling
Case studies chapter controlling
Controlling, importance of Controlling, discuss the steps involved in control...Raman Dhiman
Understanding the concept of controlling
Discuss the steps in the process of controlling
Discuss the importance of Controlling
Important Questions in controlling
Concept of training and development and short note on different methods of tr...Raman Dhiman
Concept of training and development
Importance of training in the organization and for the employees
Discuss on the job and off the job training
Meaning of vestibule training and apprenticeship training and internship training.
Difference between training and development
Meaning of selection and describe the steps involved in selection process Raman Dhiman
The document discusses staffing and the selection process in business studies. It contains questions about the meaning of selection and the steps involved in the selection process. The document also contains short notes and one mark questions related to the topic of selection.
The document discusses staffing and recruitment in business studies. It covers understanding the recruitment process and its steps. Sources of recruitment include selection tests, employment interviews, promotion, and external sources like job portals and employment agencies. External sources provide benefits like a large candidate pool and diverse options.
This document discusses corporate accounts and the issue of rights and bonus shares. It outlines presenting information on the issue of capital and disclosure requirements related to rights and bonus shares being issued by corporations. In 3 sentences or less, the high level topics to be covered are rights and bonus shares being issued by corporations and the disclosure requirements around issuing additional capital.
Describe the steps of staffing process Raman Dhiman
This document appears to be about business studies and staffing. It mentions Prof. Raman Dhiman and a chapter on staffing. However, there is not enough contextual information or details in the document to provide a fully informative 3 sentence summary.
This document appears to be about a case study chapter related to staffing from a business studies professor named Raman Dhiman. It mentions case studies and staffing but provides no other context or details.
The document introduces Commerce classes taught by Prof. Raman Dhiman and covers topics like Business Studies and an introduction to his class. It discusses understanding the concept of staffing and the importance of staffing.
Distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditureRaman Dhiman
What are the main tests of distinguish between capital expenditure and revenue expenditure? In the light of the above tests, would you allow as revenue expenditure the amount spent by a bank in opening new branches?
How would you distinguish between a capital loss from a revenue loss? Give a ...Raman Dhiman
This document welcomes students to Prof. Raman Dhiman's commerce class and covers topics related to income tax, capital and revenue losses, and definitions. It introduces capital loss as loss from a decrease in value of a capital asset like real estate that is not realized until the asset is sold for less than the purchase price. Revenue loss is defined as making less money from operations than expected due to external factors like losing customers or market changes. The document concludes by thanking students for listening and asking if they have any questions.
Important Questions chapter employment Raman Dhiman
The document discusses important questions related to employment and unemployment. It likely contains questions about an individual's work history, reasons for leaving jobs, and current employment status to determine eligibility for unemployment benefits or help finding new work. The short title indicates it focuses on key issues for assessing one's job situation.
What do you mean by bonus shares? What are the various sources from which the...Raman Dhiman
This document discusses provisions of the companies act regarding the issue of bonus shares. It outlines that bonus shares refer to additional shares issued by a company to its existing shareholders. The companies act has certain rules around when a company can issue bonus shares, how many can be issued, and what approvals are required from shareholders and other authorities.
Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership NetworksGRAPE
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
OJP data from firms like Vicinity Jobs have emerged as a complement to traditional sources of labour demand data, such as the Job Vacancy and Wages Survey (JVWS). Ibrahim Abuallail, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, presented research relating to bias in OJPs and a proposed approach to effectively adjust OJP data to complement existing official data (such as from the JVWS) and improve the measurement of labour demand.
Lecture slide titled Fraud Risk Mitigation, Webinar Lecture Delivered at the Society for West African Internal Audit Practitioners (SWAIAP) on Wednesday, November 8, 2023.
2. Elemental Economics - Mineral demand.pdfNeal Brewster
After this second you should be able to: Explain the main determinants of demand for any mineral product, and their relative importance; recognise and explain how demand for any product is likely to change with economic activity; recognise and explain the roles of technology and relative prices in influencing demand; be able to explain the differences between the rates of growth of demand for different products.
Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
Abhay Bhutada Leads Poonawalla Fincorp To Record Low NPA And Unprecedented Gr...Vighnesh Shashtri
Under the leadership of Abhay Bhutada, Poonawalla Fincorp has achieved record-low Non-Performing Assets (NPA) and witnessed unprecedented growth. Bhutada's strategic vision and effective management have significantly enhanced the company's financial health, showcasing a robust performance in the financial sector. This achievement underscores the company's resilience and ability to thrive in a competitive market, setting a new benchmark for operational excellence in the industry.
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
Eco-Innovations and Firm Heterogeneity.Evidence from Italian Family and Nonf...
Trade cycle.pdf
1.
2. ■1. What is Trade Cycle?
Every country witnesses boom and
depression periodically.
▪︎Depression is characterised by falling
production, falling prices and rise in
unemployment.
On the other hand
▪︎, boom is characterised by rising
production, rising prices and high
employment percentage.
▪︎These changes of boom and depression
are cyclical in nature.
▪︎Hence, these are called Trade or
Business Cycles. Rhythmic fluctuations
taking place in an economy, at intervals, in
the form of boom and depression are
called Trade or Business Cycles.