Emotional intelligence subject for pre k empathy by slidesgo
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This document provides an introduction to grammar, describing the differences between formal and informal grammar. Formal grammar teaches rules first through deductive reasoning, while informal grammar uses inductive reasoning by showing examples and then deriving rules. Formal grammar is also known as prescriptive or traditional grammar, focusing on word-based and sentence-based rules. Informal grammar is descriptive or functional grammar that emphasizes examples over rules. The next video in the series will cover word formation.
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If pragmatic competence is indeed a crucial part of successful communication (Murray, 2009), it follows that language learners need both instruction of pragmatic routines and awareness raising in order to achieve proficiency in a second language (Charlesbois, 2004). The field itself is quite broad, however, encompassing areas such as speech acts, discourse organization, sociolinguistics, and conversational structure, implicature, and management- all areas not traditionally addressed in language teaching curricula (Bardovi-Harlig & Mehan-Taylor, 2003). For English teachers in Japan largely unfamiliar with pragmatics yet interested in learning more, guidance is needed in exploring its many benefits for improving oral communication skills. This workshop will therefore aim to make pragmatics more accessible and practical by defining the field in lay terms, making a case for its inclusion within an oral communication curriculum for low-intermediate and above learners, and providing specific ideas on which aspects to focus upon and how to teach them. Participants will have an opportunity to experience and reflect on various activities that introduce, practice, and assess progress in building pragmatic competency. Space will also be included for participants to discuss their teaching contexts and exchange ideas on how to effectively introduce pragmatics to their students.
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Bardovi-Harlig, K. & Mehan-Taylor, R. (2009). Teaching pragmatics. English Teaching Forum 2003(41:3).
Charlebois, J. (2004). Pragmatics: The heart and soul of linguistic proficiency. The Language Teacher, 28(4).
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- 1. SUBJECT: ENGLISH By Payal Mudliar GRAMMAR Shri Balaji Infotech YouTube Channel A Short Introduction to
- 2. 01 What is Grammar ? • Grammar is a Science of Language • It is the scientific study of words, patterns, structures, similar sentences, different sentences, etc. • It is an analytical aspect of language.
- 3. TYPES OF GRAMMAR Formal Grammar Rules Comes First Then Examples Taught by Deductive Method Informal Grammar Examples Comes First Then Rules Taught by Inductive Method
- 4. CONCEPT FORMAL GRAMMAR • In this type of grammar rules are very important. • We have to recite the rules first. • After that examples are given. • Ex. Rule – • Noun – It is a name of any person place or thing. • Ex – Rajesh, boy, gold, herd, feelings, etc. FORMAL GRAMMAR OR PRESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OR TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR
- 5. Types of Formal Grammar 1. Word Based Grammar 2. Sentence Based Grammar
- 6. • The Grammar that deals with words is called as Word Based Grammar • There are two items which are learned under word based grammar 1. Word Formation – types of words, prefix, suffix,etc 2. Parts of Speech – Noun, pronoun, verb, etc. Word Based Grammar
- 7. • The Grammar that deals with sentences is called as Sentence Based Grammar • There are so many items which are learned under sentence based grammar 1. Tense 2. Voice 3. Narration 4. Transformation of sentences, etc. Sentence Based Grammar
- 8. CONCEPT INFORMAL GRAMMAR • In this type of grammar Examples are very important. • We have to keenly observe the examples first. • And then create a Rule by analysing them. • Ex – Rajesh, boy, gold, herd, feelings, etc. • Rule Noun – It is a name of any person place or thing. INFORMAL GRAMMAR OR DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OR FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR
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