The document discusses the characteristics and challenges of emerging nations in sub-Saharan Africa, categorizing them as 'third world' due to low literacy rates, health crises related to HIV/AIDS, and poor quality of life. It highlights the historical context of apartheid in South Africa and emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of life in third-world countries through various socio-economic factors. The main focus is on gathering data to define and analyze what constitutes life in these nations.

1. Emerging Nations
The Third World

2. Objectives
Identify locations in Africa.
Analyze definitions of third world.
Categorize data to support these definitions.

3. Vocabulary
Sub-Saharan Africa - geographical term for the area of Africa
which is south of the Sahara Desert.
literacy: The ability to read and write; national measure of the
relative education level of the people
HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome; viral disease without cure that has
ravaged African nations over the past 40 years.
standard of living: measure of the quality of life for people in a
country; often influenced by that governments actions or
inactions.
apartheid: government policy of complete separation of races in
South Africa from 1948-1994.

4. The Global World System: Three Parts
The First World: World System Core
Dominate trade, control the most advanced
technologies, high levels of economy
The Second World: Semi-Peripheral Regions
Were once Peripheral, internationally become
competitive
The Third World: Peripheral Regions
Disadvantageous trading relationships, older
technology, undeveloped economy

5. CORE (1ST WORLD)
SEMI-PERIPHERY (2ND WORLD)
PERIPHERY (3RD WORLD)

6. How Can You Tell?
We’ll be looking at 5 measures of countries to help
describe life in different countries
The vast majority of Africa contains those emerging
nations that exist in the Third World
Most of the countries that fit the definitions of Third
World countries in Africa lie in Sub-Saharan Africa
Let’s examine some examples of these different
measure and their impact

7. Education
One measure of the education
level of a people is the literacy
rate - the percent of people
who are able to read or write
Efforts have been made in the
past 40 years to help improve
education in some African
countries
However, the literacy rates
in Africa remain relatively
low

8. LITERACY RATES AROUND THE GLOBE

9. Health
A number of measures
can help us determine
the relative health of a
nation
The primary measure we
will look at is a measure
of healthy life expectancy
Africa now faces a
particular health crisis in
it’s on going struggle
with HIV/AIDS

10. HIV RATES IN AFRICA
SOME OTHER FACTS
• Africa = 14.7% of
worlds population
• Africa = 88% of worlds
pop. with HIV
• 92% of AIDS deaths in
the world
• Swaziland - 26.1% of
ALL adults has HIV - over
50% of adults in 20s
• Life expectancy in
Swaziland = 32 years
• 90% of worlds HIV-
infected children live in
Africa

11. Quality of Life
This measures a variety of factors
that help describe everyday life
For instance:
Gap between the genders
(equality between men and
women)
Environmental health (pollution
and effect on people)
Unemployment
Over all these factors describe
the standard of living

12. Poverty
One of those standards is the number of people who
live on less than $2 a day.
Do the math! $2 per day X 365 day = $________
McDonald’s minimum wage = $7.25/hour
$7.25 X 40 hours (week) - X 52 weeks = $_________

13. MOST OF AFRICA US MINIMUM WAGE
< $730 per year $15,080 per year

14. Economic & Political
Factors
The economic factors that we
will look at are complicated
measures of a nations
production and how their
economies work*
The political factors describe
how much freedom people
have over their lives or how
the government responds to
their needs

15. South Africa: Apartheid
South Africa: Colonized and fought over by British
and Dutch in 18th Century - strict racial division
Gained self-rule in 1910 - British Empire
Constitutional rights for whites; denied to blacks
1948 - Afrikaner (Dutch South African) nationalism
Instituted policy of complete separation of the
races called apartheid
1959-89: Blacks: 75% of the population; 13% of the
land reserved; few freedoms

16. Nelson Mandela
Member and leader of the
African National Congress (ANC)
Captured and imprisoned in
1962
Released from prison in 1990 -
international pressure
1994 - end of apartheid and free
elections
ANC wins 63% of the vote -
Nelson Mandela elected
president

17. Define the Third World
For the rest of the period, you will be gathering
specific data to make your own definition of
what life is like in a third world.
Go to Mr. English’s website and click on “Third
World” to begin this assignment once you have
received your worksheet.