This document outlines emergency response procedures for a fire and emergency services division responding to terrorist events. It establishes:
- Procedures for responding to bomb threats, suspicious packages, IEDs, and chemical/biological/radiological/nuclear/explosive materials.
- Personal protective equipment requirements and responsibilities for initial response teams.
- Protocols for incident management, including setting up exclusion zones and decontamination areas.
- Increased response procedures and protective measures for higher threat levels.
On getting the information and after assessment of the situation with section in-charge (Site incident controller) the security in-charge will sound the emergency siren / announce the situation.
Section in-charge and / or security in-charge will alert all sections in the vicinity of emergency site.
Site incident controller and / or security in-charge will inform the main incident controller, emergency coordinator and essential personnel on telephone with the help of telephone list. Telephone list is available in the Gate / Security Office.
The person giving the information should have clear idea and full details regarding the incident, and then only he shall be able to ask for proper help.
Incident controller will made efforts to control the emergency at plant level and make the assessment of emergency situation. In case the emergency situation is not controllable at section / plant level and evacuation / outside help is required, he will declare the situation as major emergency.
EVACUATION: On declaration of major emergency the Office staffs, workmen shall rush out through the safe passages and assemble at the assembly points after getting the information from their supervisors / In-charge. Points to be noted while evacuating the workplace.
Do not panic.
Do not waste your time in switching off computers / collecting your belongings.
Do not run, walk brisk.
Do not try to overtake / push others while Getting out.
Always walk on the left side of the staircase.
Assemble at the designated assembly points in your department queue.
Come out through the emergency Exit which is nearest to your work place.
Notes:
* In case of fire / smoke, crawl to escape. Use a wet handkerchief to cover your nose.
* In case of earthquake, move out of the complex, to the nearest open area.
* In case of earthquake, do not stand near glass windows and walls.
CONTROLLING THE SITUATION :
Main incident controller will assess the situation of emergency and direct the operations to control the situation. He will also direct both emergency and plant shutdown operations.
All emergency coordinator will start the emergency control operation under the guidance of Works Main Controller in accordance with duties and responsibilities assigned to them.
Fire and rescue team will start fire fighting, rescue and fogging operations as necessary.
Depending upon the situation, Main Controller will decide to inform and liaise with external authorities and neighbouring industries for help.
Attention to injured: The Plant first aiders will immediately by summoned for giving first aid to the injured and they should arrange for hospitalization of the victim on the guidance of medical coordinator.
Engineering team will: Ensure electrical / mechanical isolation.
Firefighting operation: Trained firefighting workers and Security staff shall start fire-fighting Operation with the general guidance of Safety / Security Officer.
Security Service will:
Stop unauthorized entry.
On getting the information and after assessment of the situation with section in-charge (Site incident controller) the security in-charge will sound the emergency siren / announce the situation.
Section in-charge and / or security in-charge will alert all sections in the vicinity of emergency site.
Site incident controller and / or security in-charge will inform the main incident controller, emergency coordinator and essential personnel on telephone with the help of telephone list. Telephone list is available in the Gate / Security Office.
The person giving the information should have clear idea and full details regarding the incident, and then only he shall be able to ask for proper help.
Incident controller will made efforts to control the emergency at plant level and make the assessment of emergency situation. In case the emergency situation is not controllable at section / plant level and evacuation / outside help is required, he will declare the situation as major emergency.
EVACUATION: On declaration of major emergency the Office staffs, workmen shall rush out through the safe passages and assemble at the assembly points after getting the information from their supervisors / In-charge. Points to be noted while evacuating the workplace.
Do not panic.
Do not waste your time in switching off computers / collecting your belongings.
Do not run, walk brisk.
Do not try to overtake / push others while Getting out.
Always walk on the left side of the staircase.
Assemble at the designated assembly points in your department queue.
Come out through the emergency Exit which is nearest to your work place.
Notes:
* In case of fire / smoke, crawl to escape. Use a wet handkerchief to cover your nose.
* In case of earthquake, move out of the complex, to the nearest open area.
* In case of earthquake, do not stand near glass windows and walls.
CONTROLLING THE SITUATION :
Main incident controller will assess the situation of emergency and direct the operations to control the situation. He will also direct both emergency and plant shutdown operations.
All emergency coordinator will start the emergency control operation under the guidance of Works Main Controller in accordance with duties and responsibilities assigned to them.
Fire and rescue team will start fire fighting, rescue and fogging operations as necessary.
Depending upon the situation, Main Controller will decide to inform and liaise with external authorities and neighbouring industries for help.
Attention to injured: The Plant first aiders will immediately by summoned for giving first aid to the injured and they should arrange for hospitalization of the victim on the guidance of medical coordinator.
Engineering team will: Ensure electrical / mechanical isolation.
Firefighting operation: Trained firefighting workers and Security staff shall start fire-fighting Operation with the general guidance of Safety / Security Officer.
Security Service will:
Stop unauthorized entry.
BFS 3251, Introduction to Fire Protection 1 UNIT VII.docxhartrobert670
BFS 3251, Introduction to Fire Protection 1
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Emergency Operations
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives and the “Two In, Two
Out” rule.
2. Describe the role and limitations of the fire department in various types
of incidents.
3. Discuss the value of maintaining firefighter safety and decision making.
Unit Lesson
Personnel
In order for a fire department to be capable of operating, there is a need for
personnel, human bodies. Personnel are found at all levels and ranks: entry
level firefighter, EMT/Paramedic, veteran firefighter, lieutenant, captain, deputy
chief, and chief to name a few. Without personnel, the fire department is little
more than a station with trucks. Personnel are responsible for the achievement
of objectives, and the first objective of any incident is to “provide for responder
and public safety.”
16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives
In March of 2004, the first ever National Fire Fighter Life Safety Summit took
place in Tampa, Florida, and was attended by over 200 fire service professional
who hammered out a doctrine known as the “16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives.” The details of each initiative are found on pages 465 and 466. As a
result of this summit, a web site was created titled “Everyone Goes Home”
where invaluable insights and information regarding firefighter safety can be
found.
In addition, two other web sites are dedicated to firefighter safety: Firefighter
Close Calls and National Fallen Fire Fighter Foundation. The web links for both
are given below. Soon after the passage and adoption of the 16 initiatives, the
list was circulated around the nation and world in an attempt to reduce firefighter
injuries and deaths. Responsibility for supporting, practicing, and promoting the
initiatives rests with each and every firefighter and fire officer worldwide.
Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs)
Rapid intervention teams, or rapid intervention crews (RIC), are an integral and
essential component of the 21st century fire service, however many individual fire
departments do not have RITs/RICs. Members of these teams have undergone
specific training in rapid rescue of fellow crew members who may become lost or
disoriented while performing interior firefighting. Some departments claim cost
prevents them from having RITs/RICs, while others claim lack of personnel on
first-in crews. The solution is both money and personnel; however, economic
conditions often do not permit one or both.
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 14:
Emergency Operations
Suggested Further
Reading
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Arcing
2. Boiling liquid
expanding vapor
explosion (BLEVE)
3. Cone roof
4. Crew resource
management (CRM)
5. Delta Δ
6. Flank
7. Immediately
dangerous to life and
health (IDLH)
...
Internal Disaster Preparedness and Management in HospitalsLallu Joseph
This presentation deals on the following
1. Disaster definition- Internal and external
2. Learning from Disasters- Case Studies- AMRI, Chennai Floods
3. Four phases of emergency management
5. Risk assessment
6. 5 steps of emergency preparedness
7. Emergency management and evacuation plan for hospitals
8. Mock drills and how to conduct them
9. Table top exercises
BFS 3251, Introduction to Fire Protection 1 UNIT VII.docxhartrobert670
BFS 3251, Introduction to Fire Protection 1
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Emergency Operations
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Identify the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives and the “Two In, Two
Out” rule.
2. Describe the role and limitations of the fire department in various types
of incidents.
3. Discuss the value of maintaining firefighter safety and decision making.
Unit Lesson
Personnel
In order for a fire department to be capable of operating, there is a need for
personnel, human bodies. Personnel are found at all levels and ranks: entry
level firefighter, EMT/Paramedic, veteran firefighter, lieutenant, captain, deputy
chief, and chief to name a few. Without personnel, the fire department is little
more than a station with trucks. Personnel are responsible for the achievement
of objectives, and the first objective of any incident is to “provide for responder
and public safety.”
16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives
In March of 2004, the first ever National Fire Fighter Life Safety Summit took
place in Tampa, Florida, and was attended by over 200 fire service professional
who hammered out a doctrine known as the “16 Firefighter Life Safety
Initiatives.” The details of each initiative are found on pages 465 and 466. As a
result of this summit, a web site was created titled “Everyone Goes Home”
where invaluable insights and information regarding firefighter safety can be
found.
In addition, two other web sites are dedicated to firefighter safety: Firefighter
Close Calls and National Fallen Fire Fighter Foundation. The web links for both
are given below. Soon after the passage and adoption of the 16 initiatives, the
list was circulated around the nation and world in an attempt to reduce firefighter
injuries and deaths. Responsibility for supporting, practicing, and promoting the
initiatives rests with each and every firefighter and fire officer worldwide.
Rapid Intervention Teams (RITs)
Rapid intervention teams, or rapid intervention crews (RIC), are an integral and
essential component of the 21st century fire service, however many individual fire
departments do not have RITs/RICs. Members of these teams have undergone
specific training in rapid rescue of fellow crew members who may become lost or
disoriented while performing interior firefighting. Some departments claim cost
prevents them from having RITs/RICs, while others claim lack of personnel on
first-in crews. The solution is both money and personnel; however, economic
conditions often do not permit one or both.
Reading
Assignment
Chapter 14:
Emergency Operations
Suggested Further
Reading
See information below.
Key Terms
1. Arcing
2. Boiling liquid
expanding vapor
explosion (BLEVE)
3. Cone roof
4. Crew resource
management (CRM)
5. Delta Δ
6. Flank
7. Immediately
dangerous to life and
health (IDLH)
...
Internal Disaster Preparedness and Management in HospitalsLallu Joseph
This presentation deals on the following
1. Disaster definition- Internal and external
2. Learning from Disasters- Case Studies- AMRI, Chennai Floods
3. Four phases of emergency management
5. Risk assessment
6. 5 steps of emergency preparedness
7. Emergency management and evacuation plan for hospitals
8. Mock drills and how to conduct them
9. Table top exercises
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
1. EMERGENCY RESPONSE TO TERRORISM
OPERATIONS
This SOP establishes procedures for emergency response by the Area II Fire
& Emergency Services Division. It outlines procedures used during
responses to terrorist events; including bomb threats, suspicious packages,
Improvised Explosive Devices (IED), B-NICE materials (Biological, Nuclear,
Incendiary, Chemical, and Explosives) and our more common emergency
responses during increased THREATCONs. Under each emergency scenario,
vehicles, PPE, initial tactics and crew responsibilities will be listed.
1 Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) - 11
. Scope. This SOP applies to all fire department personnel and all such
personnel who are working inside the Contamination control zone or incident
site perimeter, and all personnel operating at emergency scenes within the
structure of the Yongsan Fire & Emergency Services Incident Command
System.
2. Responsibilities: Each member of the Initial Response Team (IRT) is
responsible to understand and adhere to this SOP. Furthermore, all crew
chiefs, battalion chiefs, and Assistant Chiefs are responsible for ensuring
compliance with the contents of this SOP.
3. Notification:
3.1 Crews responding to routine emergency calls may be the first to
discover potential or actual evidence of a B-NICE (WMD) event. Crew Chiefs
and Senior Fire Officials performing response and emergency scene size-up
must be aware of indicators of B-NICE Materials, either released or on
scene.
3.2 Commo Operators may receive calls reporting potential or actual B-NICE
events and must be on the look out for clues indicating an other than
normal response.
3.3 Threats could be made to the installation and AT/FP Plan 00-1 could be
activated.
3.4 If you suspect a WMD or B-NICE event, STOP!
3.4.1 Notify the Fire Chief or SFO and all responders immediately.
3.4.2 Call for the IRT.
3.4.3 Perform the B-NICE Size-up
4. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT:
4.1 The Senior Fire Official will implement appropriate Incident Management
Staff positions required to mitigate the emergency. (see figure 4)
4.2 Establish an on-scene command post and communications network.
4.2.1 Locate and assess incident site, determine wind direction prior to
approaching immediate incident site.
2. 4.2.2 Determine cordon size including; exclusion zone, and hot, warm and
cold zones.
4.2.3 Direct MPs in evacuation of cordon.
4.2.3.1 Direct contaminated evacuee’s to a special assembly point.
4.2.4 Establish personnel accountability procedures and exposure limits.
4.3 Request the necessary emergency service agencies to assist in rescue,
decontamination and evacuation operations. This includes, but is not
limited to, additional Hazardous Materials Response Teams, Chemical
Decontamination
unit(s) and emergency medical service units from surrounding mutual-aid
jurisdictions.
4.4 Serve as liaison to the Emergency Operations Center (EOC).
4.4.1 Request, through the EOC, those overseas federal agencies required to
mitigate the incident. The Department of State is the lead agency for on
post WMD incidents.
4.5 Assume overall responsibility of all Fire, HAZMAT, and Emergency
Services personnel operating on the incident.
4.6 Coordinate for emergency medical services.
4.7 Direct available personnel to search for secondary devices within a 200
ft radius of the On-Scene-Control Point (OSCP) or Tactical Operations
Center (TOC).
FIGURE 4 – INCIDENT COMMAND SYSTEM
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Individual equipment will be stored
on hand and ready for issue during increased threatcons. Fire fighters
will be issued and use three different sets of protective equipment. They
can be used singly or in combination based on the anticipated threat and
situation. They are as follows;
5.1 Individual Protective Equipment (IPE)
5.1.1 Gas mask with hood attached.
5.1.2 Kevlar camouflaged helmet.
5.1.3 Web belt and canteen filled with water.
5.1.4 Flak vest.
5.1.5 First Aid kit
5.2 Chemical Warfare Defense Ensemble (J-Fire)
5.2.1 Chem suit
5.2.2 Over boots
5.2.3 Gloves
3. 5.2.4 Poncho
5.3 Firefighter Personal Protective Gear
5.3.1 Bunkers
5.3.2 SCBA
5.3.3 Boots
5.3.4 Gloves
5.3.5 PASS Device
5.3.6 Helmet
5.3.7 Nomex Hood
5.3.8 Latex Gloves
5.3.9 Surgical Masks
6. PROCEDURES: The F&ES Division may be faced with a number of different
scenarios that will force us to perform firefighting operations with less
than optimal manpower and equipment, operate in unfamiliar environments, or
place firefighters at increased personal risk. We must be prepared for
these contingencies. Some of these include;
6.1 INITIAL RESPONSE: No notice WMD event.
6.1.1 Fire Ground Command – the Incident Command System (ICS)
6.1.1.1 The Incident Command System will be used at all incidents.
6.1.1.2 The initially responding SFO or lead crew chief will formally take
command and assume the safety officer role. He will state over the radio “
Call sign is on scene, give a situational description, I am in command and
am safety.”
6.1.2 Size up – Recognizing suspicious incidents may be difficult. Be
extremely alert for clues, such as;
6.1.2.1 Occupancy or location
6.1.2.1.1 Symbolic or historic targets
6.1.2.1.2 Public buildings or assembly areas
6.1.2.1.3 Public safety, transportation, and communications
6.1.2.2 Type of Event
6.1.2.2.1 Explosions, incendiaries, pops, hisses, etc.
6.1.2.2.2 Non-trauma casualties
6.1.2.3 On-scene warning signs
6.1.2.3.1 Unexplained or sudden mass illness or death
6.1.2.3.2 Unusual orders or tastes
6.1.2.3.3 Unexplained skin, eye, or airway irritation
6.1.2.3.4 Unexplained vapor clouds, mists, or plumes
6.1.2.3.5 Chemical containers, spray devices, or lab equipment
6.1.2.3.6 Out of place items
6.1.2.3.7 Spot fires or unusual fire, smoke or color
6.1.2.3.8 Dead insects, birds, or animals
6.1.2.3.9 Anything else abnormal
6.1.2.4 If you suspect a WMD or B-NICE event, STOP! Notify all responders,
call for the IRT, and Perform the following B-NICE Size-up
4. 6.1.2.4.1 Threat Assessment
6.1.2.4.1.1 What type of material could cause the situation
6.1.2.4.1.2 What is the potential for HARM, both the public and responders
6.1.2.4.1.3 How large is the area of danger
6.1.2.4.1.4 Are we in danger here
6.1.2.4.2 Cordon Size
6.1.2.4.2.1 Establish a cordon – large enough to protect the public and
responders.
6.1.2.4.2.2 Direct MPs to stop traffic and prevent entry
6.1.2.4.2.3 Direct MPs to evacuate the area.
6.1.2.4.2.4 Determine a controlled holding area inside the cordon for all
potentially contaminated personnel inside the effected area.
6.1.2.4.3 Decon
6.1.2.4.3.1 Set up an Emergency Decontamination area using 2 ½ & 1 ¾ in.
fire hoses and salvage covers.
6.1.2.4.3.2 Set up full decontamination.
6.1.3 PPE – Based on the most significant hazard to firefighters.
Firefighters will not enter fire areas without firefighting PPE and SCBA.
6.1.4 Vehicles and Crews – First alarm
6.1.4.1 One Dong-A or MACI with 4 man crew.
6.1.4.2 At station 1 the Rescue vehicle and Ladder will also respond.
6.1.4.3 At station 2 Crash 1 will also respond.
6.1.4.4 The Assistant Chief will respond to all incidents.
6.1.5 Vehicles and Crews – Initial Response Team – B-NICE response to all
Area II locations.
6.1.5.1 HAZMAT Vehicle
6.1.5.2 Fire Chief
6.1.5.3 Rescue Vehicle
6.1.5.4 Assistant Chief
6.1.6 Mutual Aid and Fire Fighter Recall (see SOP # 55).
6.1.6.1 Only the Senior Fire Official (SFO) on scene will request mutual
Aid.
6.1.6.2 Recall of off-duty IRT firefighters will be directed by the
Assistant Fire Chief on duty.
6.2 Increased Threat Conditions (Threatcons)
6.2.1 Notifications and Implementation:
6.2.1.1 Immediately upon notification of an increased threat for Yongsan
Garrison, Area II, the Fire Alarm Communication Center Operator (FACC) will
alert the Fire Chief and the Assistant Chief for Operations on duty.
6.2.1.2 The SFO on duty will immediately complete the F & ES Threatcon
checklist for the current Threatcon.
6.3 Emergency Response during Increased Threatcon Levels (Ref: AT/FP PLAN
00-1)
5. 6.3.1 Threatcon Alpha. Denotes a higher than normal security posture.
This condition is declared as a general warning of possible terrorist
activity, the nature and extent of which are unpredictable, when
circumstances do not justify full implementation of the measures contained
in a higher Threatcon. However, it may be necessary to implement selected
measures from Threatcon Bravo. Threatcon Alpha is the normal day to day
posture throughout Pakistan.
6.3.1.1 Resource Protection: No change
6.3.1.2 Emergency Operations: No change
6.3.2 Threatcon Bravo. Denotes an increased security posture. This
condition is declared when there is an increased and more predictable
threat of terrorist activity, although no particular target has been
identified. This posture will be implemented immediately upon notification
from competent authority. This threatcon is implemented by 34th Support
Group Commander or his designated representatives.
6.3.2.1 Resource Protection (Ref: AT/FP 00-1, and attch 1 of this SOP)
6.3.2.2 Emergency Response Operations
6.3.2.2.1 Protective Equipment: Normal firefighting tactics and strategies
will be employed with personnel donning and wearing firefighting ensembles
for all emergencies the same as peacetime response criteria. Standard
Operating Procedures will be used.
6.3.2.2.2 Operating Procedures
6.3.2.2.2.1 ON POST RESPONSES: Standard Operating Procedures apply.
However, firefighters will be more aware of the potential for harm and
therefore more vigilance is required.
6.3.2.2.2.2 OFF POST RESPONSES: Standard Operating Procedures and
notifications apply with the exception that all off post responses will be
validated by local authorities or post security forces as bonafide prior to
leaving the post.
6.3.3 Threatcon Charlie. Denotes an advanced security posture. This
condition is declared when an incident occurs or when intelligence is
received indicating that some form of terrorist action is imminent.
Initiate actions to obtain this posture immediately upon implementation
direction from competent authority. This threatcon is implemented by 34th
Support Group Commander or his designated representative.
6.3.3.1 Resource Protection (Ref. AT/FP 00-1, and attch 1 of this SOP)
6.3.3.1.1 Implement F & ES Threatcon Charlie Measures.
6.3.3.2 Emergency Operations
6.3.3.2.1 Protective Equipment: Firefighters will perform routine duties
and standbys while wearing the appropriate PPE based on the threat.
6.3.3.2.2 Operating Procedures
6.3.3.2.2.1 On Post: For all emergency responses, crews will proceed to the
emergency, perform a size up, or go into an investigative mode prior to
6. changing into firefighting PPE and SCBA. Firefighters will perform
investigations for alarm activation’s, smell of smoke, no fire and smoke
emergencies in the appropriate PPE. The SFO can make the call to switch to
firefighting PPE. Remember, what is the greatest risk at the time? The
type of emergency versus the threat.
6.3.3.2.2.1.1 If upon arrival, fire or smoke is showing, crews will change
out into firefighting PPE and SCBA before commencing any interior
operations. (Exception: Threat of chemical or biological WMD release.)
Exterior crews may attempt a controlling action while interior crews
prepare for interior attack. For aircraft emergencies involving smoke,
fire, or crashes, crews will use turrets to control fires while
firefighters are changing into bunkers. At no time will firefighters enter
a known fire area without wearing firefighting PPE and SCBA.
6.3.3.2.2.2 Off Post: Off post mutual aid emergency responses will be
limited. Local fire brigades will be notified. Required off post responses
will be coordinated with post officials on an exception basis prior to
leaving the installation.
6.3.4 Threatcon Delta. Denotes an optimum security posture. This
condition applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has
occurred or when intelligence has been received that terrorist action
against a specific location is likely. Normally, this threatcon is
declared as a localized warning. Initiate actions to obtain this posture
immediately upon direction from competent authority. This threatcon is
implemented by 34th Support Group Commander or his designated
representatives.
6.3.4.1 Resource Protection (Ref. AT/FP 00-1, and attch 1 of this SOP)
6.3.4.1.1 Implement F & ES Threatcon Delta Measures.
6.3.4.2 Emergency Operations
6.3.4.2.1 Protective Equipment: Firefighters will perform routine duties
and standbys while wearing the appropriate PPE.
6.3.4.2.2 Operating Procedures
6.3.4.2.2.1 On post: For all emergency responses, crews will proceed to the
emergency, perform a size up, or go into an investigative mode prior to
changing into firefighting PPE and SCBA. Firefighters will perform
investigations for alarm activation’s, smell of smoke, no fire and smoke
in-department emergencies in their IPE. The SFO can make the call to switch
from IPE to firefighting PPE. Remember, what is the greatest risk at the
time? The type of emergency versus the threat.
6.3.4.2.2.2 If upon arrival, fire or smoke is showing, crews will change
out into firefighting PPE and SCBA before commencing any interior
operations. (Exception: Threat of chemical or biological WMD release.)
Exterior crews may attempt a controlling action while interior crews
prepare for interior attack. For aircraft emergencies involving smoke,
fire, or crashes, crews will use turrets to control fires while
7. firefighters are changing into bunkers. At no time will firefighters enter
a known fire area without wearing fire fighting PPE and SCBA.
6.3.4.2.2.3 Off post: Off post mutual aid emergency responses will be
curtailed. Local fire brigades will be notified. Required off
post responses will be coordinated with post officials on an exception
basis prior to leaving the installation.
6.3.4.2.2.4 Planned Response: All responses will be dispatched from the
Fire Control Center (FCC) after coordination with the EOC or CAT.
6.4 Emergency Response to Terrorism Involving BNICE Materials: The
following applies when intelligence indicators lead towards the possibility
of nuclear, biological, or chemical materials being used in a terrorist
attack. Most of the measures above will apply as well as the specifics
below. Actual incidents will be mitigated along the lines of a Hazmat
incident. (see SOPs 92-54 to 59 for further info)
6.4.1.1 Resource Protection: (Ref AT FP 00-1)
6.4.1.2 Emergency Operations
6.4.1.2.1 Protective Equipment: Dependent upon the threat.
6.4.1.2.1.1 Biological Threat: All responding personnel will ensure
universal medical precautions are used when working any type of fire,
explosion, or medical incident. Specific equipment is;
6.4.1.2.1.1.1 Medical gloves.
6.4.1.2.1.1.2 Surgical Masks.
6.4.1.2.1.1.3 Eye protection.
6.4.1.2.1.1.4 Bunkers.
6.4.1.2.1.2 Chemical Threat:
6.4.1.2.1.2.1 M-8 and M-9 paper and tape will be placed on all response
vehicles and bunkers.
6.4.1.2.1.3 Nuclear Threat:
6.4.1.2.1.3.1 Radiological detection equipment will be part of the first
response equipment, either on loan to F&ES or brought by post personnel.
6.4.1.2.2 Operating Procedures: Response to reports of explosions, fires,
medical: Firefighters will respond to reported emergencies using standard
pre-fire planned criteria (vehicles and manpower). Crews will stage a
minimum of 1000 ft. from the emergency scene. One crew will fully bunker
out, don SCBA, and breathe air before continuing the response. This crew
will proceed to the site and perform a size up, specifically looking for
BNICE indicators, determine the level of personal protective equipment
required, and the tactics required to mitigate the emergency. This will be
relayed to the SFO who will in-turn authorize the continued response.
7. PRESERVING EVIDENCE:
7.1 Criminal or terrorist use of WMD, hazardous materials, or a B-NICE
event is criminal. All personnel entering the cordon will ensure the
preservation of all evidence. Once the scene has been declared safe from
8. fire or other hazards, the scene will be released to CID or MPI for
investigation.
+923215550623
Independent Think Tank,
Analyst on Peace and Conflict,
Defence and Geo-Strategic Paradigm shifts,
Global Peace Initiatives.
Researcher on Strategic analysis.
Core Contingency & Eventuality Plans,
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Operations,
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Bombs, Mines and Explosive Detection Specialist,
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vulnerabilities,
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Tangible Security Mechanisms and Intangible Surveillance
Solutions Architect. Analyst on Defensive Compliance & HSSE
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integrations through Control Rooms and remote monitoring.
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