1) The study examined the embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of Amorimia septentrionalis in goats in northeastern Brazil.
2) Sixteen goats were divided into four groups based on gestational period and given varying doses of A. septentrionalis at different stages of pregnancy.
3) Group 1 goats experienced embryonic death 6 days after ingesting the plant when embryos were 31 days old. Group 2 saw 3 abortions between 53-78 days and 1 normal birth. Group 3 had 2 normal births and 2 abortions at 114 and 111 days.
— Agave sisalana (Agavaceae), commonly known as sisal plant has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, bactericidal and insecticidal activities. Its toxic effects on female reproduction are unknown. This comparative interventional study aimed to assess the ovarian and uterine tissues and fetal parameters of rats treated with the extract of sisal waste (100 mg kg-1 body weight), obtained from decortications of the A. sisalana. The control received distilled water. The treatments were performed orally for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue were not affected by plant extract. There was an significant increase (p<0.05)in><0.05) in the group receiving the extract. In conclusion, A. sisalana showed no pathological changes in the ovaries and uterine endometrium, but had a negative effect on the litter size and weight.
A case of Dystocia due to Fetal Ascites in Murrah BuffaloIJEAB
Dystocia in buffalo due to fetal causes is not common. However there are reports suggesting dystocia due to dropsical condition of fetus. Present case reports one of the fetal dropsical conditions in buffalo. In this case we report a successful management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in Murrah buffalo by incising the fetal abdomen to take out the fluid from peritoneum.
Differences in the endometrial transcript profile during the receptive period between women who were refractory to implantation and those who achieved pregnancy.
By Luis Alberto Velásquez Cumplido
— Agave sisalana (Agavaceae), commonly known as sisal plant has an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, bactericidal and insecticidal activities. Its toxic effects on female reproduction are unknown. This comparative interventional study aimed to assess the ovarian and uterine tissues and fetal parameters of rats treated with the extract of sisal waste (100 mg kg-1 body weight), obtained from decortications of the A. sisalana. The control received distilled water. The treatments were performed orally for 30 consecutive days. The results showed that the estrous cycle and ovarian tissue were not affected by plant extract. There was an significant increase (p<0.05)in><0.05) in the group receiving the extract. In conclusion, A. sisalana showed no pathological changes in the ovaries and uterine endometrium, but had a negative effect on the litter size and weight.
A case of Dystocia due to Fetal Ascites in Murrah BuffaloIJEAB
Dystocia in buffalo due to fetal causes is not common. However there are reports suggesting dystocia due to dropsical condition of fetus. Present case reports one of the fetal dropsical conditions in buffalo. In this case we report a successful management of dystocia due to fetal ascites in Murrah buffalo by incising the fetal abdomen to take out the fluid from peritoneum.
Differences in the endometrial transcript profile during the receptive period between women who were refractory to implantation and those who achieved pregnancy.
By Luis Alberto Velásquez Cumplido
The Host Preference of Overwintered Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera...inventionjournals
The host preferences of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees) were studied under laboratory conditions. For this purpose eggs of E. integriceps, Dolycoris baccarum (L.), Aelia rostrata (Boh.) and, Eurydema ornate (L.) were submitted to overwintered T. semistriatus. Eggs were grouped, firstly in two (E. integriceps x A. rostrata, E. integriceps x D.baccarum, E. integriceps x E.ornatum A. rostrata x D. baccarum, A. rostrata x E. ornatum D. baccarum x E.ornatum) later in three (E. integriceps x A. rostrata x D. baccarum, E. integriceps x A.rostrata x E. ornatum, E. integriceps x D. baccarum x E. ornatum, A. rostrata x D.baccarum, E. ornatum) final in four (E. integriceps x A. rostrata x D. baccarum x E. ornatum) host egg groups were submitted to T. semistriatus. According to the results of parasitised eggs, it was concluded that E. integriceps was the most preferred species and then followed by D. baccarum and A.rostrata. The lowest preference on the host eggs was detected on E. ornatum eggs.
Effect of Adlai (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) roots on small ruminants naturally inf...Innspub Net
Parasites pose a significant threat to the health of small ruminants. Natural products such as Adlai roots have anthelmintic potentials. The study aimed to determine the Anthelmintic potential to the small ruminants. A total of 12 goats and sheep regardless of sex and age were used in the study and randomly distributed into four (4) Treatments with Three (3) replications following Randomized Complete Block Design. There were four different levels of Treatments. Treatment 1 as the control, Treatment 2 (100ml of Adlai roots decoction), Treatment 3 (150ml of Adlai roots decoction), and Treatment 4 (200ml of Adlai roots decoction). Freshly excreted feces were collected and placed in plastic cups and immediately examined through Modified Mc Master Test to evaluate the Anthelmintic activity of the designated treatments. The evaluation criteria were based on the frequency counts of egg parasites and oocysts per 2 grams of feces under different treatments. Results were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Tukey’s test was used to compare treatment means showing significant difference. Statistical results were non-significant among Treatment means in all of the parameters except for the strongylid counts for the month of April which showed significant difference among treatment mean at (P< 0.05) where sheep treated with Treatment 4 (200ml of Adlai roots decoction). Adlai roots decoction has anti-parasitic activity.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Dystocia Due to Multiple Craniofacial Fetal Anomalies in Nilotic Zebu Cattle ...ijtsrd
This case report paper highlights on foetal calf anomaly observed for the first time in Nilotic Zebu cattle as well as the traditional beliefs of Nilotic pastoralists attached to such anomaly. Abull calf foetus extracted via caesarean operation, sustained complex of congenital abnormalities. Of which both central nervous system and craniofacial structures not easily classified and traced to a single specific condition. The gross craniofacial abnormalities suggest agnathia, fissured head extending from cranial to caudal, hydrocephalic head, anophthalmia, single microphthalmia lateralis without eyelid, single erected ear loop, a deep fissure almost halving the skull to the exposed maxillary and mandibular bones, absence of lips, and anodontia. Chicken was sacrificed by a traditional diviner meaning to drive away diseases and prevent recurrence of similar case in the herd and the related family members. Such cases can be easily attended to. Given the current status of veterinary practice in the country, but the deeply anchored traditional beliefs attached to livestock may hamper or burry such cases in favour of the traditional diviner with an untoward outcome thus contributing to loss of potential genetic resources. Adoption of vibrant sustainable extension policies is recommended to loosen such firmly anchored beliefs attached to livestock by pastoralist communities of South Sudan. Ambrose S. Jubara | Erneo B. Ochi | Anthony J. Deng | Lewis K. Jaja "Dystocia Due to Multiple Craniofacial Fetal Anomalies in Nilotic Zebu Cattle and the Attached Traditional Beliefs: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38593.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/animal-science/38593/dystocia-due-to-multiple-craniofacial-fetal-anomalies-in-nilotic-zebu-cattle-and-the-attached-traditional-beliefs-a-case-report/ambrose-s-jubara
Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While, the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P < 0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 x 106 /ml and 20.5 x 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice
Dr. Sid Thakur - Antimicrobial Resistance: Do We Know Everything?John Blue
Antimicrobial Resistance: Do We Know Everything? - Dr. Sid Thakur, Assistant Professor, North Carolina State University, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Detection of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species raised unde...ILRI
Poster by Martin Wainaina, Isaac Omwenga, Catherine Ngaywa, Nicholas Ngwili, George Wamwere-Njoroge, Henry Kiara, Gabriel Oluga and Bernard Bett presented at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Ecology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12–16 November 2018.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Microbiological Assessment and Storage Quality of Expressed Breast MilkAI Publications
The microbiological and storage quality of expressed human breast milk was studied between July and December, 2016. One hundred and twenty working class lactating mothers and thirty lactating mothers visiting Imo State University teaching Hospital Orlu for various health challenges were recruited for the study. They were requested to express 60ml of their breast milk into sterile containers. The milk sample collected from each mother was distributed 10ml into each of 3 sterile containers. One set was heated at 100OC for 1hour in a water bath, 1 set was stored in a refrigerator at – 4OC for 5 days and 1 set was stored on the bench at ambient temperature without any treatment. 0.1ml of each sample was inoculated on laboratory culture media before commencement of storage and 2hours, 6hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 5days post storage. Eight genera of bacteria: Stapylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridians, Diphtheroides, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Lactobacillus species, Pseudomonas species and Salmonella species, were isolated from expressed human breast milk samples. The most prevalent bacterium in the milk samples was Staphylococcus epidernidis, followed by Escherichia coli. The least prevalent bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella species and Diphtheroides. No bacterium was isolated from milk samples heated at 100OC and stored in a refrigerator. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts of the milk samples collected from healthy working mothers ranged from 3.2 x 103 to 8.2 x 103cfu/ml, while that of health challenged mothers ranged from 4.3 x 103 to 1.6 x 104cfu/ml. As shown, the bacterial counts of the samples. Out of 30 samples collected from health – challenged mothers, 9 (30%) had total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 1.2 x 104 to 1.6 x 104cfu/ml, 21 (70%) had total bacteria count ranging from 4.3 x 103 to 8.6 x 103cfu/ml. Analysis of the data using chi square showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacterial count of breast milk between healthy working mothers and health challenged mother.
Genotoxicity of Eleusine indica (Nkim enang: Efik) was investigated in the Wister strain albino rat (Rattus novergicus). Nine (9) male and nine (9) female rats were randomly assigned to three (3) groups, of which two were exposed to the aqueous extract of E.indica – Group A (control-no extract)), Group B (50 mg/kg BW of E. indica) and Group C (100 mg/kg BW of E. indica). This was administered to the rats by oral gavage for 14 days after which the peripheral blood from the tail tips were collected and assayed for the presence of micronuclei, following standard procedures. Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of the herb extract was carried out. Results obtained showed that E. indica did not cause any significant (P > 0.05) increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in rat peripheral blood at any of the doses administered. The polychromatic: normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE: NCE) ratio was found to be in the range of 0.50 ± 0.11 to 0.55 ± 0.02. Also, the aqueous herb extract is rich in Carbohydrates (76.17%) and Tannins (21.76%). Mean body weights (MBW) of rats showed normal distribution throughout the duration of the investigation. The results of this study demonstrate that E. indica does not confer any genotoxicity in mammals. Further in-depth study on its efficacy is recommended.
The Host Preference of Overwintered Trissolcus semistriatus Nees (Hymenoptera...inventionjournals
The host preferences of Trissolcus semistriatus (Nees) were studied under laboratory conditions. For this purpose eggs of E. integriceps, Dolycoris baccarum (L.), Aelia rostrata (Boh.) and, Eurydema ornate (L.) were submitted to overwintered T. semistriatus. Eggs were grouped, firstly in two (E. integriceps x A. rostrata, E. integriceps x D.baccarum, E. integriceps x E.ornatum A. rostrata x D. baccarum, A. rostrata x E. ornatum D. baccarum x E.ornatum) later in three (E. integriceps x A. rostrata x D. baccarum, E. integriceps x A.rostrata x E. ornatum, E. integriceps x D. baccarum x E. ornatum, A. rostrata x D.baccarum, E. ornatum) final in four (E. integriceps x A. rostrata x D. baccarum x E. ornatum) host egg groups were submitted to T. semistriatus. According to the results of parasitised eggs, it was concluded that E. integriceps was the most preferred species and then followed by D. baccarum and A.rostrata. The lowest preference on the host eggs was detected on E. ornatum eggs.
Effect of Adlai (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) roots on small ruminants naturally inf...Innspub Net
Parasites pose a significant threat to the health of small ruminants. Natural products such as Adlai roots have anthelmintic potentials. The study aimed to determine the Anthelmintic potential to the small ruminants. A total of 12 goats and sheep regardless of sex and age were used in the study and randomly distributed into four (4) Treatments with Three (3) replications following Randomized Complete Block Design. There were four different levels of Treatments. Treatment 1 as the control, Treatment 2 (100ml of Adlai roots decoction), Treatment 3 (150ml of Adlai roots decoction), and Treatment 4 (200ml of Adlai roots decoction). Freshly excreted feces were collected and placed in plastic cups and immediately examined through Modified Mc Master Test to evaluate the Anthelmintic activity of the designated treatments. The evaluation criteria were based on the frequency counts of egg parasites and oocysts per 2 grams of feces under different treatments. Results were analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) of Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Tukey’s test was used to compare treatment means showing significant difference. Statistical results were non-significant among Treatment means in all of the parameters except for the strongylid counts for the month of April which showed significant difference among treatment mean at (P< 0.05) where sheep treated with Treatment 4 (200ml of Adlai roots decoction). Adlai roots decoction has anti-parasitic activity.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Dystocia Due to Multiple Craniofacial Fetal Anomalies in Nilotic Zebu Cattle ...ijtsrd
This case report paper highlights on foetal calf anomaly observed for the first time in Nilotic Zebu cattle as well as the traditional beliefs of Nilotic pastoralists attached to such anomaly. Abull calf foetus extracted via caesarean operation, sustained complex of congenital abnormalities. Of which both central nervous system and craniofacial structures not easily classified and traced to a single specific condition. The gross craniofacial abnormalities suggest agnathia, fissured head extending from cranial to caudal, hydrocephalic head, anophthalmia, single microphthalmia lateralis without eyelid, single erected ear loop, a deep fissure almost halving the skull to the exposed maxillary and mandibular bones, absence of lips, and anodontia. Chicken was sacrificed by a traditional diviner meaning to drive away diseases and prevent recurrence of similar case in the herd and the related family members. Such cases can be easily attended to. Given the current status of veterinary practice in the country, but the deeply anchored traditional beliefs attached to livestock may hamper or burry such cases in favour of the traditional diviner with an untoward outcome thus contributing to loss of potential genetic resources. Adoption of vibrant sustainable extension policies is recommended to loosen such firmly anchored beliefs attached to livestock by pastoralist communities of South Sudan. Ambrose S. Jubara | Erneo B. Ochi | Anthony J. Deng | Lewis K. Jaja "Dystocia Due to Multiple Craniofacial Fetal Anomalies in Nilotic Zebu Cattle and the Attached Traditional Beliefs: A Case Report" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38593.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/animal-science/38593/dystocia-due-to-multiple-craniofacial-fetal-anomalies-in-nilotic-zebu-cattle-and-the-attached-traditional-beliefs-a-case-report/ambrose-s-jubara
Spermatotoxic impact of bonny light crude oil (BLCO) ingestion on adult male ...lukeman Joseph Ade shittu
Increasing concern has been expressed about the possible declining trend in the sperm quality and sperm count of man as a result of exposure to environmental estrogenic agents in the past few years now. There is a general paucity of knowledge of BLCO ingestion on the reproductive effect. Hence, we aim to evaluate the impact of sub-lethal dose of BLCO ingestion on semen parameters of adult male mice. Initial acute toxicity study was carried out to determine the lethal dose of BLCO, which was calculated to be 37.4 mg/Kg body wt. A sub-lethal dose of 20 mg/Kg bwt /day of BLCO were then given to 8 male mice in the experimental group. While, the control group of 7 animals received equal volume of 0.9% normal saline via oral garvage for 2 weeks. Data were analysed using SPSS 12 statistical software with P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. There was a significant (P < 0.05) weight gain in the treated group with a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in sperm motility in the treated compared with control. The sperm density of treated and control were 14.5 x 106 /ml and 20.5 x 106 /ml respectively. However, there were also no significant difference in the relative testicular weight and sperm density of treated from that of the control respectively. Thus, it was concluded that BLCO ingestion is spermatotoxic in the adult male Swiss mice
Dr. Sid Thakur - Antimicrobial Resistance: Do We Know Everything?John Blue
Antimicrobial Resistance: Do We Know Everything? - Dr. Sid Thakur, Assistant Professor, North Carolina State University, from the 2013 NIAA Merging Values and Technology conference, April 15-17, 2013, Louisville, KY, USA.
More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2013-niaa-merging-values-and-technology
Detection of Brucella spp. in milk from various livestock species raised unde...ILRI
Poster by Martin Wainaina, Isaac Omwenga, Catherine Ngaywa, Nicholas Ngwili, George Wamwere-Njoroge, Henry Kiara, Gabriel Oluga and Bernard Bett presented at the 15th International Symposium of Veterinary Epidemiology and Ecology, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 12–16 November 2018.
Citotoxic effects of oxytetracycline's residues contained in pet foodSergio Canello
This study shows evidence of the citotoxicity of oxytetracycline's residues contained in the bones of animals intensively farmed. Some pet (and human) food producers also use bone's powder in their preparations, potentially harming pet's and human's health.
Microbiological Assessment and Storage Quality of Expressed Breast MilkAI Publications
The microbiological and storage quality of expressed human breast milk was studied between July and December, 2016. One hundred and twenty working class lactating mothers and thirty lactating mothers visiting Imo State University teaching Hospital Orlu for various health challenges were recruited for the study. They were requested to express 60ml of their breast milk into sterile containers. The milk sample collected from each mother was distributed 10ml into each of 3 sterile containers. One set was heated at 100OC for 1hour in a water bath, 1 set was stored in a refrigerator at – 4OC for 5 days and 1 set was stored on the bench at ambient temperature without any treatment. 0.1ml of each sample was inoculated on laboratory culture media before commencement of storage and 2hours, 6hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 5days post storage. Eight genera of bacteria: Stapylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridians, Diphtheroides, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Lactobacillus species, Pseudomonas species and Salmonella species, were isolated from expressed human breast milk samples. The most prevalent bacterium in the milk samples was Staphylococcus epidernidis, followed by Escherichia coli. The least prevalent bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella species and Diphtheroides. No bacterium was isolated from milk samples heated at 100OC and stored in a refrigerator. The total heterotrophic bacterial counts of the milk samples collected from healthy working mothers ranged from 3.2 x 103 to 8.2 x 103cfu/ml, while that of health challenged mothers ranged from 4.3 x 103 to 1.6 x 104cfu/ml. As shown, the bacterial counts of the samples. Out of 30 samples collected from health – challenged mothers, 9 (30%) had total heterotrophic bacteria count ranging from 1.2 x 104 to 1.6 x 104cfu/ml, 21 (70%) had total bacteria count ranging from 4.3 x 103 to 8.6 x 103cfu/ml. Analysis of the data using chi square showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the total heterotrophic bacterial count of breast milk between healthy working mothers and health challenged mother.
Genotoxicity of Eleusine indica (Nkim enang: Efik) was investigated in the Wister strain albino rat (Rattus novergicus). Nine (9) male and nine (9) female rats were randomly assigned to three (3) groups, of which two were exposed to the aqueous extract of E.indica – Group A (control-no extract)), Group B (50 mg/kg BW of E. indica) and Group C (100 mg/kg BW of E. indica). This was administered to the rats by oral gavage for 14 days after which the peripheral blood from the tail tips were collected and assayed for the presence of micronuclei, following standard procedures. Proximate analysis and phytochemical screening of the herb extract was carried out. Results obtained showed that E. indica did not cause any significant (P > 0.05) increase in the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in rat peripheral blood at any of the doses administered. The polychromatic: normochromatic erythrocyte (PCE: NCE) ratio was found to be in the range of 0.50 ± 0.11 to 0.55 ± 0.02. Also, the aqueous herb extract is rich in Carbohydrates (76.17%) and Tannins (21.76%). Mean body weights (MBW) of rats showed normal distribution throughout the duration of the investigation. The results of this study demonstrate that E. indica does not confer any genotoxicity in mammals. Further in-depth study on its efficacy is recommended.
Twenty two genotypes of quality protein maize (QPM) and two local checks were assessed for their lysine and tryptophan levels, as well as grain yield characteristics at the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority station, Oke-Oyi, Ilorin, Nigeria for three years (2009-2011). The results showed that the QPM genotypes and the standard checks varied from one another, with respect to crude protein, zein dry matter, zein crude, lysine and tryptophan. The best QPM hybrids for grain yield (Dada-ba, ART98-SW5-OB, ART98-SW4-OB and TZPB-OB had percentage lysine and tryptophan advantage of 34% compared with the local checks. These hybrids also out-yielded other genotypes with yield advantage of 10, 24 and 26% over the best inbred, open pollinated variety and the standard check respectively. However, grain yield showed positive association with all the characteristics except crude protein content. Kernel number per cob had maximum correlation with grain yield followed by kernel rows per cob, cob diameter and cob weight. The direct effect for crude protein was positive but the correlation was negative. Conclusively, the QPM hybrids that combined high yield with the essential amino acids could be tested in different savanna agro-ecologies to identify those that could be released to farmers, while the superior inbreds could be introgressed for further breeding programs.
A comparative assessment on paralysis and death of Indian adult earthworm (Ph...Uploadworld
The present study was carried out to investigate the paralysis and death of methanolic, ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Lasia spinosa against Pheretima posthuma. Lasia spinosa (Lour) Thwaites belonging to family Araceae, locally known as Chengmora in Assamese, is a perennial herb with watery, bitter juice with an elongated or tuberous rhizome and leaves are ethno medicinally prescribed in North-East India to cure helminthes infections.
Developing countries like Nepal, the disease like fascioliasis has made its existence and is prevailing in every shed of the ruminants. Untimely deworming practices and herding the ruminants together have made an economic loss. So routine examination of the ruminants, timely deworming, and good pasture management are necessary to be practiced to decrease the prevalence of the fascioliasis.
insecticidal effects of eudesmanes from pluchea sagittalisIJEAB
Eudesmanoids play an important role in the protection of plants against herbivores. Pluchea sagittalis (Lamarck) Cabrera (Asteraceae) is widespread in tropical South America and contains compounds that provide protection against phytophagous insects. In the present work we isolated seven sesquiterpenoids with eudesmane skeletons that were evaluated for their insecticidal activities against Spodoptera frugiperda and Ceratitis capitata, pests that cause serious damage to crops in the Argentine northwest. The Eudesmanes were incorporated at different concentrations to the diet of Spodoptera frugiperda. In the choice test, larval feeding behavior was altered. The eudesmanes 1, 5 and 7 showed the highest activity with feeding election indexes (FEI) of 50, 50, and 72 %, respectively at 200 µg/g of diet. When tested for insecticidal activity using neonate larvae with the no-choice artificial diet bioassays, eudesmane 1 was the most toxic in the larval stage (LD50 177.80 mg/g of diet). Compounds 5 lowered the percentage of adult emergence and produced the most malformations (72%) compared with control. Drastic effects were observed in the oviposition deterrence activity against C. capitata. The maximum oviposition deterrence (87 %) was recorded with eudesmane 5 at dose 30 µg/cm2 of artificial fruit. Finally, eudesmanes 6 and 7 showed significant larval and pupal mortality against the first generation larvae of viable eggs oviposited by females fed with the treated diet (100 µg / g artificial diet).
Antiplasmodial activity of methanol leaf extract of Salacia senegalensis Lam ...Premier Publishers
The antiplasmodial effect of methanol leaf extract of Salacia senegalensis were evaluated in albino mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei berghei (NK65) in order to justify or otherwise its use as antimalarial remedy in Nigeria folk medicine. Activities investigated were suppressive effect against early infection, curative effect against established infection and prophylactic effect against residual infection. Results showed a dose dependent blood schizontocidal activity at all the phases of malarial infection studied. The in vivo antiplasmodial effect of the extract (1000, 1200 and 1400 mg/kg body weight) against P. berghei showed significant (p < 0.05) dose-dependent activity for suppressive, curative and prophylactic test. When the extract dose increased from 1000 to 1400 mg/kg/day, chemosuppressive activity of the extract increased from 66.47 % to 80.33 %. There was also an increase from 66.57 % to 75.41 % and from 64.90 % to 82.72 % for the repository and curative activities respectively. The schizontocidal activities were comparable to that of chloroquine -which had percentage suppression of parasitaemia as 87.03 %, 85.12 %, and 91.68 % for suppressive, prophylactic and curative activities respectively). It was thus concluded that the herbal extract possesses significant antimalarial potency which could be exploited in the formulation of antimalarial drugs.
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were utilized to identify the levels of heritable varieties and patterns of the populace structure among the five populaces of Pteris biaurita, a natural fern in India. A comprehensive examination was directed in three replicates at 2013-14 seasons in the Western Ghats, South India. Five wild P. biaurita, accessions (maiden hair) were assessed for genotyping studies. Results demonstrated a pivotal discrepancy among genotypes for they were characterized in view of this uniqueness in four groups by the genetic cluster examination. In this trial, ISSR primers amplified 63 polymorphic groups. In view of the genetic identity data, genotypes were figured and differed from 0.5714 to 0.6984. The percentage of polymorphism indicated predominant genotype that may be utilized for the conservation of species. ISSR appeared to be an obliging marker for prediction of genotype inside a closed group of inter specific populace in the investigation territory.
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers were utilized to identify the levels of heritable varieties and patterns of the populace structure among the five populaces of Pteris biaurita, a natural fern in India. A comprehensive examination was directed in three replicates at 2013-14 seasons in the Western Ghats, South India. Five wild P. biaurita, accessions (maiden hair) were assessed for genotyping studies. Results demonstrated a pivotal discrepancy among genotypes for they were characterized in view of this uniqueness in four groups by the genetic cluster examination. In this trial, ISSR primers amplified 63 polymorphic groups. In view of the genetic identity data, genotypes were figured and differed from 0.5714 to 0.6984. The percentage of polymorphism indicated predominant genotype that may be utilized for the conservation of species. ISSR appeared to be an obliging marker for prediction of genotype inside a closed group of inter specific populace in the investigation territory
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
All manuscripts are subject to rapid peer review. Those of high quality (not previously published and not under consideration for publication in another journal) will be published without delay.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
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Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
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In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Embryonic death and abortion in goats pvb
1. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 37(12):1401-1404, dezembro 2017
1401
RESUMO.- [Mortalidade embrionária e abortos em ca-
bras causados pela ingestão de Amorimia septentriona-
lis.] Amorimia spp. são plantas que contém monofluoroaceta-
to de sódio (MFA), responsáveis por causar morte súbita em
ruminantes. Em estudo prévio, Amorimia rigida causou abor-
to em uma de cinco ovelhas prenhas que receberam a planta,
sugerindo que pode causar perdas reprodutivas. Este traba-
lho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos embriotóxicos e fe-
totóxicos de Amorimia septentrionalis em caprinos na região
semi-árida nordestina brasileira. Os efeitos de A. septentrio-
nalis na prenhez foram estudados em 16 cabras, divididos em
quatro grupos de acordo com seu período gestacional. Nos
grupos 1, 2 e 3 a administração de A. septentrionalis foi diária,
na dose de 5g de folhas por kg de peso corporal, iniciada nos
dias 18, 36 e 93 da gestação, respectivamente. As cabras do
grupo 4 não ingeriram a planta. Quando as cabras apresen-
tavam sinais severos de intoxicação suspendia-se a adminis-
tração da planta. Os grupos 1, 2 e 3 ingeriram a planta por
7,25±2,87, 9,25±2,21 e 12,50±0,57 dias, respectivamente.
Todas as cabras se recuperaram 7-12 dias após o final da ad-
ministração da planta. No grupo 1, todas as cabras apresen-
taram quadros de mortalidade embrionária 6,25±3,59 dias
após o término da ingestão da planta. No grupo 2, três cabras
abortaram aos 53, 54 e 78 dias de gestação. Duas cabras do
Grupo 3 deram à luz normalmente e as outras duas aborta-
Embryonic death and abortion in goats caused by ingestion
of Amorimia septentrionalis1
Layze C.A. da Silva2
*, Danielle A. do N. Pessoa2
, José R.G. Lopes2
, José R.S. dos
Santos2
, Robério G. Olinda2
and Franklin Riet-Correa3
ABSTRACT.- Silva L.C.A., Pessoa D.A.N., Lopes R.G., Santos J.R.S., Olinda R.G. & Riet-Cor-
rea F. 2017. Embryonic death and abortion in goats caused by ingestion of Amorimia
septentrionalis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37(12):1401-1404. Departamento de Mi-
crobiologia Veterinária e Departamento de Patologia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de
Campina Grande, Av. Universitária s/n, Bairro Santa Cecília, Patos, PB 58700-970, Brazil.
E-mail: layze.cilmara@hotmail.com
Amorimia spp. are sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA) containing plants causing sudden
death in ruminants. In a previous study, Amorimia rigida caused abortion in one of the five
pregnant sheep that received the plant suggesting that it may cause reproductive losses.
This work aimed to study the embryotoxic and fetotoxic effects of Amorimia septentrionalis
in goats in the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid region. The effects of A. septentrionalis on
pregnancy were studied in 16 goats, divided into four groups according to their gestational
period. In Groups 1, 2 and 3 the administration of A. septentrionalis at the daily dose of 5g of
leaves per kg body weight was started on the 18th, 36thand 93thdays of gestation, respec-
tively. Goats from Group 4 did not ingest the plant. When the goats presented severe signs
of poisoning the administration of the plant was suspended. Groups 1, 2 and 3 ingested the
plant for 7.25±2.87, 9.25±2.21 and 12.50±0.57 days, respectively. All the goats recovered
7-12 days after the end of the administration of the plant. In Group 1, all the goats had
embryonic death 6.25±3.59 days after the end of the ingestion of the plant. In Group 2,
three goats aborted at 53, 54 and 78 days of gestation. Two goats from Group 3 gave birth
normally and the other two aborted at 114 and 111 days of gestation. It is concluded that
Amorimia septentrionalis is a sodium monofluoracetate-containing plant that causes em-
bryonic deaths and abortions in goats that ingest non-lethal doses of the plant.
INDEX TERMS: Poisonous plants, abortion, goats, Amorimia septentrionalis, plant poisoning, embry-
onic losses, sodium monofluoroacetate.
1
Received on March 27, 2017.
Accepted for publication on April 28, 2017.
2
Departamento de Microbiologia Veterinária e Departamento de Pato-
logia Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (UFCG), Patos,
PB 58700-000, Brazil *Corresponding author: layze.cilmara@hotmail.com
3
National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), La Estanzuela, Ca-
silla de Correo, 68033 Colonia, Uruguay.
2. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 37(12):1401-1404, dezembro 2017
1402 Layze C.A. da Silva et al.
ram aos 114 e 111 dias de gestação. Conclui-se que Amorimia
septentrionalis é uma planta que contém monofluoroacetato
de sódio e pode ocasionar mortes embrionárias e abortos em
cabras que ingerem doses não letais da planta.
TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Plantas tóxicas, aborto, caprinos, Amo-
rimia septentrionalis, intoxicação por planta, perdas embrioná-
rias, monofluoroacetato de sódio.
INTRODUCTION
In Brazil, several toxic plant species are responsible for
causing abortion in ruminants including Aspidosperma
pyrifolium, Ateleia glazioviana, Enterolobium contortisili-
quum, Stryphnodendron coriaceum, Stryphnodendron obo-
vatum, Stryphnodendron fissuratum, Tetrapterys acutifolia,
and Tetrapterys multiglandulosa (Riet-Correa et al. 2011).
In addition to abortions, some plant species may cause em-
bryonic death and malformations including Mimosa tenui-
flora (Pimentel et al. 2007, Dantas et al. 2012) and Caesal-
pinia pyramidalis (Reis et al. 2016).
The monofluoroacetate (MFA) containing plant Amori-
mia septentrionalis is responsible for causing sudden death
associated with exercise in goats, sheep and cattle. In Brazil
the MFA-containing plants, including Palicourea spp. and
Arrabidaea spp., cause nearly 500.000 cattle deaths annu-
ally (Pessoa et al. 2013). In a recent study, A. rigida caused
abortion in one of the five pregnant sheep that received the
plant (Vasconcelos et al. 2008) suggesting that it may cause
reproductive losses. This work aimed to study the embryo-
toxic and fetotoxic effects of A. septentrionalis in goats in
the Brazilian northeastern semi-arid region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen crossbred goats were divided into 4 groups of 4 animals
each. The goats were submitted to ultra-sonographic examina-
tion for the negative diagnosis of gestation. After that, they were
hosted in two stalls with 8 goats and one buck each for breeding
purposes. Each male was marked with red paint on the chest and
when the goats were marked, the mating date was registered. Af-
ter mating, ultra-sonographic examination was carried out twice
a week to confirm the gestation. After being pregnant, the goats
were hosted in individual stalls and randomly distributed into
one of the four experimental groups.
In Groups 1, 2 and 3 the administration of Amorimia septen-
trionalis was started on the 18th(organogenesis phase), 36th(fe-
tal phase) and 93thdays of gestation, respectively. The green lea-
ves were administered daily at the dose of 5g per kg body weight
(g/kg). To the goats that did not ingest the plant voluntarily, the
plant was administered orally by putting small amounts of leaves
on their mouth. When the goats presented severe signs of into-
xication (jugular engorgement, venous pulse, obtundation, reluc-
tance to move, muscular tremors, motor incoordination, vocaliza-
tion and sternal recumbence) the administration of the plant was
suspended. The goats from Group 4 (control) did not receive the
plant during pregnancy.
Amorimia septentrionalis was collected in the municipality
of Teixeira (S 7°12.24’ O 37°15.11’; altitude of 749m), located
in the State of Paraíba. The average concentration of monoflu-
oroacetate (MFA) determined in 20 samples of the plant was of
0.002±0.0009% (Lee et al. 2012).
In all the experimental period, before the administration of
the plant, the goats were observed and the cardiac and respira-
tory frequency, ruminal movement and the rectal temperature
were measured. After the administration of the plant, the goats
were moved around for 10 minutes and after the exercise, a new
measuring of the previously mentioned parameters was carried.
In cases of abortion, the blood serum of the goats was tested
for Brucella sp. using the plate agglutination technique with buffe-
red acidified antigen (Card-test) and for the detection of Anti-To-
xoplasma gondii antibodies by the indirect immunofluorescence
test (IIFT), using the dilution of 1:64 as a cutting point (Camargo
1974). These tests were carried out in paired samples; the first af-
ter the confirmation of the abortion and the second 15 days after.
For the identification of T. gondii, samples of the brain, lung, and
placenta of the aborted animals were inoculated in rats (Dubey
1998). Necropsies were performed on the aborted fetuses. For
histopathology examination, samples of the brain and organs of
the abdominal and thoracic cavities were fixed in 10% buffered
formalin, routinely processed for histology, and stained by the
hematoxylin and eosin (HE) technique. This experiment was ap-
proved by the ethics committee on animal experimentation at the
Federal University of Campina Grande (Protocol CEP 69-2013).
RESULTS
The goats of Group 1 developed mild clinical signs (tachy-
cardia and tachypnea) after 2.75±0.95 days of plant con-
sumption. After 7.25±2.87 days, the clinical signs become
severe and the plant administration was suspended. The
consumption of A. septentrionalis was of 36.25±14.36g/kg.
Embryonic death was verified in all the goats, 6.25±3.59
days after the end of the ingestion of the plant. The gesta-
tional age of the embryos was of 31.5±3.51 days.
In Group 2, the goats presented mild clinical signs of in-
toxication 4±1.15 days after starting of the administration
of the plant. The administration was suspended when the
signs became severe (9.25±2.21 days). The consumption
of A. septentrionalis was of 46.25±11.08g/kg. Three goats
aborted one kid each on the 53th
, 54th
and 78th
days of ges-
tation, 15.66±12.5 days after the end of the ingestion of the
plant. One goat gave birth to a full-term healthy kid. The go-
ats of Group 3 developed mild clinical signs of intoxication
8±1.41 days after starting the ingestion of A. septentriona-
lis. The plant administration was stopped on day 12.5±0.57
when clinical signs became severe, after the consumption of
62.5±2.88g/kg. Two goats gave birth to full-term viable kids
and the other two aborted (a goat aborted a fetus on day 114
of gestation and another goats aborted two fetuses on day
111 of gestation. All goats from Groups 1-3 recovered from
the clinical signs and reproductive disorders. In the goats of
Group 4 (control) any reproductive disorder was observed
during the gestational period and the goats gave birth to full-
-term healthy kids. Three goats gave birth one kid each and
the others kidded two kids each. Details on the amount of A.
septentrionalis ingested, beginning and duration of the clini-
cal signs and occurrence of embryonic death or abortion in
goats of the four groups are in Table 1 and Figure 1.
At necropsy of the fetuses from Groups 1 and 2 there
were paleness of the mucosae and hairless skin. The fetu-
ses showed a mild degree of autolysis with mild amounts
of reddish liquid in the thoracic and abdominal cavities.
The lungs were diffusely pale and with a shiny pleural sur-
face. The liver was enlarged and diffusely pale. The heart
3. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 37(12):1401-1404, dezembro 2017
1403Embryonic death and abortion in goats caused by ingestion of Amorimia septentrionalis
Fig.1. (A) Goat 3 showing embryonic loss on day 35 of gestation, after the consumption of Amorimia septentrionalis from day 18th to day
25th of gestation. (B) A 29-day-old embryo prevenient from Goat 2. (C) A 111-day-old fetus aborted by Goat 12.
Table 1. Gestational age, amount of Amorimia septentrionalis ingested, beginning
and duration of the clinical signs and occurrence of embryonic death or abortion in
goats of Groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 (control)
GroupGoat Gestational day Plant ingestion Clinical signs Outcome
at the start of Days of Total dose Onset Duration Day of abortion or
the ingestion ingestion gkg (day) (days) embryonic death
Group 1
Goat 1 18 9 45 22 5 34
Goat 2 18 3 15 20 5 29
Goat 3 18 8 40 21 7 35
Goat 4 18 9 45 20 7 28
Group 2
Goat 5 36 10 50 41 5 53
Goat 6 36 8 40 41 6 54
Goat 7 36 12 60 39 7 78
Goat 8 36 7 35 39 5 Kidded normally
Group 3
Goat 9 93 12 60 100 6 Kidded normally
Goat 10 93 13 65 101 7 Kidded normally
Goat 11 93 13 65 103 8 114
Goat 12 93 12 60 100 6 111
Group 4
Goat 13 Control Kidded normally
Goat 14 Control Kidded normally
Goat 15 Control Kidded normally
Goat 16 Control Kidded normally
4. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 37(12):1401-1404, dezembro 2017
1404 Layze C.A. da Silva et al.
presented a discreet pallor in the epicardial surface and in
the brain there was hyperemia of the leptomeninges. Le-
sions were not observed in other organs. On the histology,
the lungs had moderate pulmonary edema and congestion.
The liver showed moderate diffuse hepatocellular degene-
ration. A diffuse congestion was observed in the brain.
The serological tests of the goats for brucellosis and to-
xoplasmosis were negative, and T. gondii was not isolated in
the mice inoculated with tissue samples from the fetuses.
DISCUSSION
Amorimia septentrionalis poisoning causes sudden dea-
th, with clinical signs triggered by exercise in ruminants
(Tokarnia et al. 2012). It has been also associated with
cardiac fibrosis in bovines (Albuquerque et al. 2014). The
results of this trial show that, at least in animals that show
clinical signs of poisoning and recovered, this plant poiso-
ning may cause embryonic deaths and abortions. In the la-
ter, the autolysis observed in the fetuses suggests that the
abortion occurred because of fetal death. It is probable that
embryonic losses and abortions occur because the embryo
and the fetus are more susceptible to the monofluoroace-
tate (MFA) than adult goats. Therefore, in non-lethal poi-
soning in pregnant goats, the recovery of the dam may be
followed by embryonic loss or abortion.
Abortions and embryonic losses caused by the con-
sumption of MFA-containing plants had not been previou-
sly reported. One of the characteristics of sudden deaths
caused by MFA-containing plants is that it is very unlikely
that the animals recover; however, in the intoxication by
Amorimia spp. it is reported the recovery of up to o 50% of
the affected animals (Medeiros et al. 2002). It is probable
that this relatively low lethality is due to the low concentra-
tions of MFA in Amorimia spp. (0.0007%-0.02%) (Lee et al.
2012). In most cases of poisoning by Palicourea spp., which
contains larger quantities of MFA (0.21-0.24% for P. marc-
gravii and 0.09% in P. aeneofusca) (Lee et al. 2012), the ani-
mals do not recover. They died after showing clinical signs
for a few minutes or may be found dead without presenting
any clinical manifestation (Tokarnia et al. 2012).
Another mechanism of abortion is observed in poiso-
ning by prussic acid contained in Pinus ponderosa, which
causes a premature birth induced because of the alteration
of the placental circulation and fetal hypoxia (Christenson
et al. 1993). This process is apparently also the cause of
the abortion by Aspidosperma pyrifolium (Medeiros et al.
2004). In contrast with the autolysis observed in the fe-
tuses aborted by the consumption of A. septentrionalis, in
cases of premature birth there is no autolysis of the fetuses.
Embryonic death was observed in all goats that recei-
ved the plant during embryogenesis, before 36 days of ges-
tation; however, only 5 of the 8 goats that ingested the plant
during the fetal period aborted. The high rate of embryonic
death may be due to the higher sensitivity of the embryo
than the fetus to the MFA. The embryo is more susceptible
than the fetus to the environmental or genetic agents and
the susceptibility of the fetus decreases with the age, being
more susceptible during organogenesis (Bernardi 2002, Si-
nowatz 2010).
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that Amorimia septentrionalis is an embryo-
toxic and fetototoxic plant, which may cause embryonic de-
ath and abortion in goats in the Brazilian semi-arid region.
It is suggested that the embryonic death or abortion occur
when the goats ingest non-lethal doses of MFA, that kills
the embryo or the fetus, which are more susceptible to MFA
that their dams.
Acknowledgements.- This research was funded by the National Institute
of Science and Technology (INCT) for the Control of Poisoning by Plants,
grant CNPq 573534/2008-0.
Conflict of interest.- The authors declare that they do not have any con-
flict of interest.
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ção por Amorimia septentrionalis em bovinos. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 34:433-437.
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