This document discusses elevators, including their types, working principles, switching, and safety features. It describes the main types of elevators according to hoist mechanism, building height, location, special uses, and building type. The working principle of elevators is explained, involving electric motors, lift cars, counterweights, sheaves, and steel cables. The document outlines the components used in elevator switching circuits like comparators, counters, decoders, and displays. It provides safety rules for entering/exiting elevators and interacting with closing doors or suspicious people.

1. The Elevator
&
Its Working Principle
Instructor: Rethwan Faiz
Group member:
1. Rahman, Ahmed Rezaur – 14-25536-1
2. Atik, Md Ataul Karim – 14-25862-1
3. ALI, Md. Niyamot - 14-26531-2
4. Hasan, Md. Mehedi - 14-26521-2
5. Hossain, Md. Saroar - 14-27032-2

2. Topic to be discussed:
Types of elevator
Elevator working principle
Switching of elevator
Latest & upcoming features of
elevator
Safety

3. Types of Elevator:
According to:
 Hoist Mechanism
 Building Height
 Building Types
 Elevator Location
 Special Uses

4. According to hoist mechanism elevators is
classified to 4 main types as follows:-
1.Hydraulic Elevetor
2.Traction/pulley Elevetor
3.Climbing Elevetor
4.Pneumatic Elevetor

5. According to building height
A- Low-Rise buildings (1- 3 stories):-
Buildings up to about (1 to 3) stories typically use hydraulic elevators because of
their lower initial cost
B- Mid-Rise buildings (4 -11 stories):-
Buildings up to about (4 to 11) stories typically use Geared Traction Elevators
C- High-Rise buildings (12 + stories):-
Buildings up to about 12+ stories typically use Gear-Less Traction Elevators

6. 3. According to building types
Elevators will be classified
according to building type to 5
main types as follows:
1.Hospital elevetors.
2. Residencial /domestic
elevetors.
3.Industrial elevetors.
4.Commercial elevetors.
5.Parking buildings elevators.

7. According to elevator location:-
Outdoor Elevator (Inclined
elevetor)
Platform elevator

8. Accoring to special uses:-
It is of two types-
• Handicapped elevator
Grain elevator

9. How it works:
Electric motor
lift car

10. Counter
weight
Sheave
Steel
cables
Nudge
Governor

11. switching of elevator:
The block diagram of switching control

12. Component used in the circuit:
• 7485 comparator
• 74190 decade counter
• 7447 decoder
• A 7 segment display

13. Circuit diagram:

14. Elevator Safety Rules
• Watch Your Step Entering & Exiting – Look D0WN
• Leave Closing Doors Alone
• Never Enter an Elevator with A Suspicious Looking
Person Inside

15. Elevator Safety Trips
Approaching Elevators

16. Elevator Safety Reminder
• Elevators are mechanical devices – The majority of
the elevator-related injuries and fatalities have
occurred when passengers attempt to override the
mechanical and safety devices of the elevator.

17. Thank you