This document provides an overview of the key elements for writing an effective essay. It discusses what an essay is, why we write essays, and how to develop the main components of an essay, including the thesis, introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. The document also covers how to plan an essay through outlining, revising, and editing. Various types of essays are defined such as descriptive, narrative, cause/effect, compare/contrast, and persuasive essays.
This tutorial provides an overview of the three levels of questioning, drawing on the concept of the three-level study guide. *The “Three level question guide” is a technique developed by Herber in 1978.
Source: Herber, H. (1978). Teaching reading in the content
areas. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. The aim of the tutorial is future and current elementary teachers.
Writing an Argumentative, Research-Based Body ParagraphLauren Blackwell
This presentation was created as a self-paced instructional guide to writing an argumentative, research-based body paragraph. This presentation guides users through basic vocabulary terms, provides rationale, examples, and the implementation of the argumentative research writing process.
This tutorial provides an overview of the three levels of questioning, drawing on the concept of the three-level study guide. *The “Three level question guide” is a technique developed by Herber in 1978.
Source: Herber, H. (1978). Teaching reading in the content
areas. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. The aim of the tutorial is future and current elementary teachers.
Writing an Argumentative, Research-Based Body ParagraphLauren Blackwell
This presentation was created as a self-paced instructional guide to writing an argumentative, research-based body paragraph. This presentation guides users through basic vocabulary terms, provides rationale, examples, and the implementation of the argumentative research writing process.
Directions Please answer each question in 150 words and each discAlyciaGold776
Directions: Please answer each question in 150 words and each discussion question in 100 words. Must use in-text citation in APA style. This is a STEM Education Course.
Discussion: Curiosity is a big part of STEM instruction. How will you encourage curiosity and discovery in your classroom?
Response 1: (Instructor asked) how do you learn about each student's "passion?" In what ways do you discover their true interests with respect to each topic?
Response 2: (Stefanie said)- Encouraging curiosity within the classroom may lead down rabbit holes, take a well-designed lesson plan in a different direction, and take the class focus off of what needs to be covered based on testing requirements. When we are curious about things, we ask questions. One question can lead to another and another, which may mean veering off topic, but also increases engagement and curiosity. Planning for extra time in each activity or designated time at the end of class where students can ask their questions can help students to affirm their desire to learn but not deter the whole lesson (Runn, 2016).
Encouraging creativity and modeling curiosity help to demonstrate ways to be a lifelong learner and how to remain curious about the world we live in (Runn, 2016). Asking students to find real-life examples for the material being taught requires more work than if the teacher just hands them the information. The way homework is assigned can also be a way to encourage curiosity and discovery, offering students multiple avenues to show what they know and an opportunity to learn in a way that is best for the (Runn, 2016).
Paying attention to what really sets a student’s heart on fire, encouraging them to explore new things and helping them to make connections between the information they are learning in class and how it could help and influence their future is one of the most important pieces of teaching. Some students may be more curious than others, but stay present and fight to create passionate, curious students, one class at a time (Runn, 2016).
Response 3: (Haley said)- There are different types of curiosity that students may develop while they are in school including "joyous exploration, need to know curiosity, social curiosity, accepting anxiety curiosity, and thrill-seeking curiosity," (Eva, 2018). In order to help students explore their curiosity of a subject it is important that we, as educators, endorse their love of knowledge and encourage their curiosity. Curiosity has been described as having a hungry mind, and the need or want to know more information on a topic, content, or subject matter. Students that are more curious are more likely to excel in the classroom because they are more motivated to learn. When we become curious it causes more retention of knowledge. To encourage this in the classroom, it is important to welcome questions and risk taking. Some students may be shy or uncomfortable with challenging themselves or speaking out loud. We should encourag ...
1 Requirements for the Term Paper Psychology 2.docxhoney725342
1
Requirements for the Term Paper
Psychology 209: Life Cycle Development
TOPIC: The topic of the paper must be related to one of the issues discussed in the area of human
life cycle development.
RESEARCH: (1) The student needs to propose a theme or an argument for this paper and explain how
the chosen topic reflects, or is related to, an important issue in the area of human life
cycle development. (2) Your paper must address one of these two Student Learning
Outcomes: (a) Identify the specific genetic and environmental influences (such as
socio-economic status, gender, race, ethnicity, English language learners, special
needs, culture, religion, schools, media, peers, and family) on physical, cognitive,
social, and emotional development. (b) Describe variables underlying socio-
economic status, racial, ethnic, and gender differences in lifespan development
The student is expected to do some original literature research, which means the student
cannot simply quote studies reported in a textbook or someone else’s paper (even though
they can serve as good leads for your own research). The student is expected to read and
summarize two original research psychology journal articles, published within the last
15 years, on a topic chosen by the student. The references should be listed in the
References section at the end of the paper (on a separate page), following the APA
format.
The best place to find peer-reviewed articles for your paper is through HACC’s eLibary:
You can go to: www.hacc.edu Library Find : Articles & Databases
“PsycArticles” or “ProQuest” or “PsycINFO”, etc. (You will need to enter your HACC
id and PIN at this point.). In PsycArticles, you should “Limit Your Results” by selecting
“Full text”, and “Scholarly (Peer Reviewed) Journals.
HACC’s eLibrary also has a psychology guide for psychology students:
http://libguides.hacc.edu/psychologyguide You will find the APA format information
under the “APA Citations” tab.
LENGTH
& FORMAT: The paper must be typed, double-spaced, and at least 6 pages in length (not counting the
cover page and References page, but no more than 8 pages). The print font used should
be either size 10 or size 12. The margins on all four sides should be one inch.
The general organization of the paper and the citations of references should follow the
APA format (copy of APA Manual is available in our library). In the APA format, the
paper should consist of sections such as synopsis, method, results, and discussion. These
sections (except synopsis) should be clearly labeled, and follow the right sequence.
Please see the sample outline on p.2. In the final Discussion section of the paper, the
student is expected to summarize the two studies cited, evaluate the findings, state your
own views/suggestions, and draw some conclusions, which should be relevant to the
...
Special Education Synthesis
Examples Of Synthesis
Synthesis Essay Technology
Synthesis Essay: The Writing Process
Synthesis Essay : Curriculum By Design
Psychology: A Synthesis Essay
Collaboration And Synthesis Essay
Synthesis Essay Ideas
Synthesis Essay Prompt
Synthesis Essay : Synthesis Of Articles
Synthesis Essay Technology
Synthesis Paper : Leadership And Leadership
Synthesis Essay Examples
Summary Of A Synthesis Essay
Synthesis Essay Examples
Environmental Synthesis Essay
Synthesis Essay On Global Warming
Synthesis Essay On Plagiarism
Synthesis Essay Sample Research Paper
Synthesis Essay On Technology
3ProspectusTitleStudent NameName of program – Name of .docxlorainedeserre
3
Prospectus
Title
Student Name
Name of program – Name of specialization
A00000000
Prospectus: Title
Problem Statement
Insert the text of your problem statement here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Purpose
Insert the text of your purpose statement here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Significance
Insert the text of the purpose and significance of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Background
Insert the text of the background of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Framework (Conceptual or Theoretical)
Insert the text of the framework of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Research Question(s) and Hypotheses (if applicable)
Insert your research questions and hypotheses (if applicable) here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Nature of the Study
Insert the text of the nature of your study here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Possible Types and Sources of Data
Insert the text of possible types and sources of data here. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
Limitations, Challenges, and/or Barriers
Insert the text of information on limitations, challenges, and/or barriers that may need to be addressed when conducting this study. Follow the guidance in the Annotated Outline and the sample prospectus in the Dissertation Prospectus Guide for more on writing this section.
References
Insert your reference list here. Refer to the sample in the Dissertation Prospectus guide for an example of this section.
Assignment 2-3 Paragraphs
Reading: Article - EnablingorDisabling_Kauffman_etal.pdf
Enabling or Disabling?
On page 386 of the reading, two cases are presented. Address the following Questions.
1. What are the two extremes presented by these cases?
2. Do either of the two cases raise questions or create concern for you considering you will be full participants in IEP meetings?
Next Respond to both classmates (4-6 Sentences)
· Do you agree or disagree?
· Why or why not
· Make sure to give feed back to what they have written
Classmate #1
Thomas is identified as emotionally disturbed. He is then assigned to a resource class to help him wi ...
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study of LearningRuss Nyland tea.docxwalterl4
Chapter 1 Introduction to the Study of Learning
Russ Nyland teaches a graduate education course on learning and cognition. It is toward the end of the semester, and as class finishes one day, three students approach him: Jeri Kendall, Matt Bowers, and Trisha Pascella.
Jeri:
Dr. Nyland, can we talk with you? It’s late in the course and we’re still confused.
Russ:
About what?
Jeri:
Well, we’ve been studying all these theorists. It seems like they’re saying different things, but maybe not. Bandura, Skinner, Vygotsky, and the others. They make different points, but then some of what they say seems to overlap what others say.
Matt:
I’m confused too. I read these theorists and think I agree with that. But it seems like I agree with everything! I thought you were supposed to have one theory, to believe one way and not others. But it seems like there’s a lot of overlap between theories.
Russ:
You’re right, Matt, there is. Most of what we’ve studied in this course are cognitive theories, and they are alike because they say that learning involves changes in cognitions—knowledge, skills, beliefs. Most theorists also say that learners construct their knowledge and beliefs; they don’t automatically adopt what somebody tells them. So yes, there is much overlap.
Trisha:
So then what are we to do? Am I supposed to be something like an information processing theorist, a social cognitive theorist, a constructivist? That’s what I’m confused about.
Russ:
No, you don’t have to be only one. There may be one theory that you like better than the others, but maybe that theory doesn’t address everything you want it to. So then you can borrow from other theories. For example, when I was in grad school I did research with a professor whose specialty was cognitive learning. There was another professor who did developmental research. I really liked her research, probably because I had been a teacher and was interested in development, especially the changes in kids from elementary to middle school. So I was a learning theorist who borrowed from the developmental literature and still do. It’s okay to do that!
Jeri:
Well, that makes me feel better. But it’s late in the course, and I guess I want to know what I should be doing next.
Russ:
Tell you what—next class I’ll spend some time on this. A good place to start is not to decide which type of theorist you are, but rather determine what you believe about learning and what types of learning you’re interested in. Then you can see which theory matches up well to your beliefs and assumptions and maybe do as I did—borrow from others.
Matt:
Isn’t that being eclectic?
Russ:
Perhaps, but you may still have one preferred theory that you adapt as needed. That’s okay to do. In fact, that’s how theories are improved—by incorporating ideas that weren’t in them originally.
Trisha:
Thanks, Dr. Nyland. This is really helpful.
Learning involves acquiring and modifying knowledge, skills, strategies, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. People.
1 Summary Assignment Rakesh Mittoo 1 THE UNIVE.docxjeremylockett77
1
Summary Assignment Rakesh Mittoo
1
THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA
Inter-Departmental Correspondence
DATE: September 4, 2019
TO: All Communication Students in GMGT 2010, Sections A01-A04
FROM: Rakesh Mittoo, Instructor
SUBJECT: Summary Assignment
For this assignment, you will be writing a summary of the chapter “Knowing Yourself”
excerpted from Warren Bennis’s book On Becoming a Leader. Your summary should be
approximately 550 words.
A summary is a brief restatement, in your own words, of the content of a source—a passage, an
article, a chapter, or a book. This restatement should focus on the central idea of the source, and,
therefore, a summary can be only one or two sentences long. A longer, more complete,
summary, which is the kind you will be crafting, will state the central idea of the source and
include the main ideas that support or explain the central idea. It may even refer to some
important illustrative examples.
A summary is hierarchical in structure, for it begins with the most important central idea,
followed by the supporting ideas and examples. A good summary will even reflect the order in
which the ideas are presented in the source. In this summary, condense the ideas in this chapter
as completely as possible and mirror its organization as well.
To read this chapter (or any article) and produce the draft of your summary, use the following
strategies:
Reading
Write in the margins as you read the article. Jot down brief notes that identify content and
summarize or explain ideas.
Don’t highlight unimportant details, examples, or redundancies.
Locate and underline the thesis or central idea of the article. If you can’t locate an obvious
thesis statement, write one that states the central idea.
Then, identify the major topic divisions/sections of the article. Subject headings may be
useful guides to this organization. Highlight all of the supporting ideas in each section.
2
Summary Assignment Rakesh Mittoo
2
Writing the Draft
- Begin your summary by referring to the author and the title, and by writing down the
thesis/central idea in your own words.
- Following this information, give a brief summary of each major section of the article,
condensing the supporting ideas.
- Select a few significant, illustrative examples or specifics that support the main ideas.
- Write the summary, imitating the organizational pattern of the article/chapter.
Editing Strategies
- Use vivid and exact language to make your summary clear and interesting. Refer to the
thesaurus, if necessary.
- Use effective transitional expressions between statements within a paragraph and between
paragraphs.
- Use present tense in referring to the author and the article. For instance, the “author states”
instead of the “author stated”; the “article contains” instead of the “article contained.”
- In your first r ...
Compare and Contrast PaperTopic School bullying compared and coLynellBull52
Compare and Contrast Paper
Topic: School bullying compared and contrasted from the behavioral and social learning perspectives.
Instructions
Each student will choose a social issue or research topic in psychology. Students will select two perspectives (behavioral and social learning perspectives) covered in the course and compare and contrast how these perspectives explain the social issue or research topic. The paper will include a title page, abstract, the introduction to the social issue or research topic, a brief discussion of each historical perspective, the compare and contrast of the two perspectives, a conclusion, and references. Students will submit their topics and outline for the paper in module 3 (10% of final grade). The final paper will account for 25% of the final grade.
1. Title Page
2. Abstract
3. Introduction to social issues or research topic- School bullying
4. Brief discussion of each historical perspective – Behavioral and Social Learning
5. Compare and contrast of two perspectives- Compare school bullying from a behavioral and social perspective. Contrast school bullying from a social learning perspective
6. Conclusion
7. References
Term Paper Presentation: Students will create a brief presentation (e.g. Powerpoint, Prezi) that summarizes their term paper.
The term paper:School bullying compared and contrasted from the behavioral and social learning perspectives.
1. All topics are discussed in clear detail. Main points are discussed.
2. Two theories are compared and contrasted- behavioral and social learning
3. Slides are interrelated coherently and logically.
4. Author creatively enhances the topic (e.g with images).
Organization
5. An introduction previews main points of the presentation.
6. Slides are presented in an organized manner.
7. A conclusion summarizes the main points of the presentation.
Writing Mechanics and APA format
8. Presentation is free of mechanical errors (e.g., misspellings, typos, etc.).
9. Presentation contains proper APA formatting and
references where appropriate.
10. Presentation is written in a clear and concise manner.
School bullying compared and contrasted from the behavioral and social learning perspectives.
Student Name
University
Course code: Name of Course
Faculty Name
Date
1
School bullying compared and contrasted from the behavioral and social learning perspectives.
Introduction
Abstract
When a bigger, stronger bully physically harasses and intimidates a more minor, weaker victim, taking the victim's lunch money is typical. Additionally, if the victim gets bullied for an extended period, the victim may have developed a conditioned reaction.
Thesis Statement
While behaviorists acknowledge the importance of genes in shaping behavior, they emphasize environmental variables. According to the widely accepted Social Learning Theor ...
Running head WOODSREDU5000-1WOODSREDU5000-42A.docxtoltonkendal
Running head: WOODSREDU5000-1
WOODSREDU5000-4
2
Analyze Research
EDU-5000: Foundation for Graduate Study in Education
Running head: WOODSREDU5000-4
1
WOODSREDU5000-1
Autism is a complicated progressive disability. Researchers think that Autism exhibits itself during the age of 18 to 36 months old. The illness is the effect of a neurological condition that has an influence on natural brain performance, effecting promotion of the individual’s social and communication abilities. A student with an autism disorder will have a problem with non-verbal skills, and difficulty with activities which involve an environment of play and/or joking. They could have uncommon replies to society, connections to items, refusal to accept an adjustment in their daily routines, and severe behavior challenges.
Autism Challenges
I am Interested in understanding Autism behavior challenges to improve classroom management. As a Special Education teacher understanding Autism behaviors can be very beneficial. A projection of 1 in every 68 citizens in the country has various types of autism; boys are more prevalent than girls. Several professionals think that this (ASD) is linked hereditary or through the atmosphere. Studies show in a classroom of 18 or more. Typically, at least two of the classroom children for each one student are diagnosed with (ASD). Children with (ASD) show disruptive behaviors, and many of them have problems like harming self and anger tantrum. Behaviors form anxiety for parents and specialists, because it inconsistent with the development of desired behaviors and communication skills (DSM-5, 2013), and have risks on child himself and others. Findings show after researching over a hundred teachers in a public major school of students who strugglers with ASDs.
Lack of classroom management, and inconsistent strategies played a huge factor in behaviors. An effort to be made by schools to address the teacher’s perception of causes of challenging behavior as it has an influence on their choice of management strategies. Also, the teachers agreed that the behavior was learned,
and could be improved, but they did not often use strategies that are commonly considered to be effective, at least within the fields of ABA and PBS (Baron, Groden, & Lipsitt 2006). Consistency and reinforcement, they are solutions for resolving occurring behaviors, which increase the likelihood that behavior will continue to occur or occur more often (Cooper, Heron, & Heward, 2007).
Keywords and help with searches
Definition of Keywords is described as thoughts in a subject area that drive and tell what your content in tells. Phrased or keywords are put into the “search queries” or search engine to generate various types of information, descriptions, film, and duplicates pertaining to your content. The keywords are vital to the search because they are the key player among what a person is probing for and the matter provide to fill up that need. The significa ...
Q3-M5_3Is_Synthesizing review of Related Literature.pdfMAEANNTOLENTINO2
mamali national high school
mamali lambayong sultan kudarat
entrep week 1 las 1
entrep week 1 las 2
entrep week 1 las 3
entrep week 2 las 1
entrep week 2 las 2
entrep week 2 las 3
Description In this assignment, you will assemble the fin.docxtheodorelove43763
Description:
In this assignment, you will assemble the final draft of your Research Paper you have been working on throughout the
course. Your Research Paper Final Draft should include the elements listed below.
Elements:
The grade of your Research Paper Final Draft is largely based on your inclusion of these elements and the overall quality
of your writing. Your paper must contain the following elements.
1. Cover page and APA formatting:
You should include an APA-style cover page for your Research Paper. See the example on page 16 of The CSU
APA Guide (6th edition). Your cover page should include the following: the title of your paper, your name, and the
name of your university (Columbia Southern University). The running head should include up to 50 characters from
the title of the paper, along with a sequential page number in the upper right-hand corner.
2. Abstract:
The abstract is a 150-250 word summary of your Research Paper, and it should be written only after you have
finished writing the entire paper because how your abstract is worded largely depends on the development of your
paper. Your abstract should be accurate, self-contained, concise and specific, non-evaluative, coherent, and
readable. Your abstract may be modeled after the theoretical paper model or empirical study model. For
information or an example of an abstract, see p. 12 of The CSU APA Guide (6th edition) and p. 511 of Strategies for
Writing Successful Research Papers. Note that the abstract presented references MLA, but yours should be in
APA style. The abstract should be the second page in the paper, after the cover page, and the abstract should be
on its own page. The text of the paper itself should begin on page 3. Your abstract must meet the following
standards:
• Be 150-250 words
• Be located on the second page of your final draft
• Have a heading of Abstract that is centered at the top of the page.
H 1020, English Composition II 14
3. Introduction:
There are some pitfalls to writing an introductory paragraph, and you can avoid some of them by reading through
the Checklist: “Avoid Certain Mistakes in the Introduction” on p. 495 of Strategies for Writing Successful Research
Papers.
4. Review of literature:
The review of literature should be a smooth transition from the introduction of your paper and should present a
controlled summary of the conversation surrounding your topic.
5. Body paragraphs:
Each paragraph of the body of your Research Paper should be a cohesive unit. It should be tight, but developed. It
should serve a function, and its purpose should always be to bolster the thesis. Therefore, you should use the
following order for each paragraph in the body.
a. Topic sentence: This sentence summarizes the entire paragraph in one strong, well-written sentence,
and it directly supports the thesis statement.
b. Explanation of topic sentence (1-2 sentences):.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
1. ELEMENTS
Of Writing an Effective Essay
Presentation provided by UTPB West Texas Literacy Center, an HSI funded program. HSI is a
federally funded program granted by the Department of Education Title V programs.
Developed by Ana Miller, M.A., Reading Specialist
2. What is an Essay?
An organized piece of writing that focuses on a
single topic
Organized around a general idea or thesis
Thesis develops from all the main ideas in the
supporting paragraphs
Paragraphs that develop the thesis are the body of
the essay
Begins with an introduction
Ends with a concluding paragraph
3. Why Write an Essay?
Writing an essay helps you express your
ideas more clearly and effectively
It helps you to convey much information
in a small amount of space
They can be entertaining by recounting
interesting stories about ourselves and
others.
A required part of almost all college
courses.
4. Recognizing General and Specific
General- Big and Inclusive
Specific- Smaller and more exact or
precise
Example
General 1. Mammals
to 2. Human Beings
Specific 3. Females
4. Mary
5. The following chart compares the
elements of paragraphs and essays
Paragraph
Organized around
main idea
Introductory
sentence
Developed by
supporting details
Concluding sentence
Essay
Organized around a
thesis
Introductory
paragraph
Developed by
supporting body
paragraphs
Concluding
paragraph
6. Thesis
Thesis
What you are writing about and supporting
throughout your essay?
Like the main idea of a paragraph, it’s a
generalization and includes all paragraphs
in your essay
7. Thesis Statement
A sentence in the essay that states the
thesis
Usually expressed in the first paragraph,
as part of the introduction
Should be “just right”
Not too general or it will not provide
adequate direction for the essay
Not too specific or it will be difficult to
develop into a series of related paragraphs
8. Thesis Statement-Examples
Topic: Controlling our children
Too General Thesis: Children must be disciplined.
Too specific thesis: Teachers have a role in the
discipline of children.
Precise thesis: By using disciplinary techniques,
parents, teachers, and police are the main agents
for controlling children
Provides three groups to discuss, general enough to allow
for the development of several main ideas and specific
enough to give the essay structure and organization
9. Thesis Statement-Example
By using disciplinary techniques, parents,
teachers, and police are the main agents
responsible for controlling children.
Main Idea 1: There are a variety of techniques available to
parents who are willing to take responsibility for
disciplining their children
Main Idea 2: Teachers are also important agents of
discipline for children in today’s society.
Main Idea 3: If criminal behavior is involved, police take
the responsibility to control children through the legal
system.
WRITING A PRECISE THESIS STATEMENT
IS THE KEY STEP IN DEVELOPING AN
EFFECTIVE ESSAY
10. Introduction to an Essay-
Introductory Paragraph
The first part of an essay
The reader’s first contact with the topic from your
perspective – First impressions!
Major influence on the reader’s desire to keep
reading
Reader begins to evaluate the essay, based on
the introduction
11. Attention Getters for Introductory
Paragraphs
Strategy
Provide some interesting
background about the topic in
the form of a general
statement
Use a thought-provoking
quotation
Ask a question about your
topic
State a surprising fact or a
puzzling statement
Examples
Today’s children become
tomorrow’s leaders.
“Adolescence is not a stage of
life, it is a disease!”
Dr. S. Rosner
Why don’t children want to be
controlled by adults?
Teenagers join gangs,
because they need the
support of a family.
12. Attention Getters for Introductory
Paragraphs
Strategy
State a common
misconception
Describe a problem
Give an analogy
Show how the topic is
related to the reader’s
experience
Examples
Children don’t learn bad
habits from adults.
Everyone knows what a
problem juvenile
delinquency has become
in our society.
Children are just like
animals.
Most people know how
difficult it is to raise
children.
13. Introductory Paragraph
Make a bridge to connect the attention
getting sentence(s) to your thesis
statement
Common way to make a bridge is to explain
why the topic is important. For example:
Controlling the behavior of children is one of
society’s most important tasks.
Conclude introductory paragraph with the
most important idea of the essay-THE
THESIS STATEMENT
14. Introductory Paragraph
Example
Controlling our children
1.Most people knows what a social problem juvenile delinquency has
become. 2. Without proper control, children will run wild and create a danger
to themselves and everyone around them. 3. Controlling children’s behavior
is one of the most important tasks in today’s society. 4. By using discipline
techniques, parents, teachers, and police are the main agents responsible for
controlling children.
1. Attention Getter-Stating problem
2. Attention Getter-General Statement
3. Bridge or transition sentence
4. Thesis sentence
15. Body of an Essay
Set of paragraphs that develop the idea
expressed in the thesis statement.
Make a list of main ideas that support the thesis
statement. Each main idea becomes the main idea
sentence for a body paragraph.
Arrange the main ideas in logical order (time, place,
importance)
Plan out each body paragraph by listing major details that
support each main idea
Order the details within each paragraph in a logical way.
Each body paragraph may end with a concluding
sentence.
16. Essay Outline
Thesis Statement
By using discipline techniques, parents, teachers, and police are the main agents responsible for controlling our
children.
Body Paragraph 1
Main Idea Sentence 1: There are a variety of techniques available to parents who are willing to take
responsibility of disciplining their children.
Major Details: 1. Give rewards
2. Punish bad behavior
3. Be consistent and reasonable
Body Paragraph 2
Main idea sentence 2: Teachers are also important agents of discipline.
Major Details: 1. Direct communication
2. Nonverbal communication
3. Grades
Body paragraph 3
Main Idea Sentence 3: If criminal behavior is involved, police will take the responsibility to control children
through the legal system.
Major Details: 1. Various forms of punishment
2. Advising parents of the children’s behavior
3. Setting and enforcing curfews
17. Essay
Writing stage
After planning and arranging your main ideas and
major details, begin writing your body paragraphs.
The number of paragraphs depends on the topic’s
complexity, inclusiveness, and your purpose for
writing.
Usually a short essay contains 3 to 5 body
paragraphs, plus an introductory and a concluding
paragraph
Remember to use signal words to make smooth
transitions between sentences and paragraphs.
18. Signal/Transition Words
For examples: For example, for instance, to
illustrate
For organization or chronological order: The
six steps are…, next, finally first, secondly,
third
For additional points: Furthermore, in addition,
also, moreover
For opposing ideas: On the other hand, in
contrast, although, however
For similar ideas: Likewise, similarly, in
comparison
19. Signal/Transition Words
For exceptions: However, nevertheless, but,
yet, still
For emphasis: Above all, finally, more
importantly
For understanding: In other words, in essence,
briefly
For summarizing: In conclusion, to sum up, for
these reasons, in a nutshell
For exams: Remember this, this is important,
this could be on the test
20. Essay-Body Paragraph
1)There are a variety of techniques available to
parents who are willing to take the responsibility of
disciplining their children. 2)Most of these methods
involve a combination of rewards and punishments.
3)Rewarded behaviors will be repeated by children;
therefore, rewards should be given for behaviors that
are acceptable. 4)Unacceptable behavior should be
punished in some way. 5)Try to make the punishment
fit the seriousness of the behavior. 6)Be reasonable;
but be consistent, too. 7)Consistency and fairness are
the key elements when it comes to rewarding and
punishing children.
21. Body Paragraph Analysis
1- Main idea sentence
2- Major detail, classifies discipline into two
major categories – reward and punishment
3,4,5- Minor details that elaborate about the
two major categories of discipline. The signal
word therefore is used to clarify relationships
and make transitions between ideas.
6- Major detail, states a major rule of
discipline – be consistent and reasonable
7- Concluding sentence
22. Body Paragraphs
Provide the content of the essay
Each paragraph should be unique,
including different facts and opinions, as
appropriate
Like any paragraph, should be unified
around a main idea and arranged
coherently
23. Conclusion of an Essay
Purpose: To leave the reader with a positive
impression, a sense of completeness, and the
inclination to think about the topic
Usually a short, single paragraph
Should not give more information about the
topic – that should be done in the body of the
essay
Should follow logically from the body of the
essay
24. Concluding Paragraph
Can be a restatement of the thesis
Can use signal words, such as in
conclusion, in summary, or in closing
Restate your thesis statement in
different words
Write some thought-provoking
comments about your topic stating your
opinion, judgment, or recommendations
25. Concluding Paragraph - Example
1)With proper discipline at home and at
school, children can be controlled. 2) Parents
and teachers can do the job before police
action is necessary. 3)Maybe many children
are out of control because not enough people
take the responsibility seriously. 4)In
conclusion, controlling children is one of the
most important social responsibilities for
adults.
26. Concluding Paragraph - Example
1- Partial restatement of the thesis
statement
2- A conclusion that clarifies the thesis
3- An opinion about the nature of society
which may motivate some readers to
read more about this topic
4- A concluding remark about the
importance of the topic
27. The Revision and Editing Process
The process of reviewing and rewriting to
make your ideas more logical, understandable,
and interesting to your readers
Involves crossing out some material, adding
other information, and rearranging material
Two main aspects of the Revision Process
Revision through reading
Revision through collaboration
28. Revising and Editing through
Reading
As you read to revise, keep in mind
Your purpose for writing
Your audience
To carefully read multiple times – with
each rereading you will probably find ways
to improve your essay
29. Revising and Editing through
Collaboration
A way of finding out what other readers think
about your essay
May become aware of problems that you have
not noticed
Can get suggestions for improving
organization, clarity of ideas; including
grammar, punctuation, spelling and usage
FINAL DRAFT – SHOULD BE NEAT AND AS
ERROR FREE AS POSSIBLE
30. Descriptive Essays
Descriptive – To create a picture of a person, place, or
object by using descriptive language that includes all
five senses
Sight – The pudgy, brown-haired instructor
sauntered into the room.
Hearing – The explosion’s earth-shattering boom
could be heard for miles.
Smell – As we crept into the dank basement a musty,
putrid odor surrounded us.
Taste – The unusual dish was as tart as lemon.
Touch – The cat’s soft smooth fur was velvet to the
touch.
31. Narrative Essays
Relate events that have happened – tell a
story
Contains dialogue
A large part of everyday conversation
Common Elements:
Who - Characters
What happens –Plot or events
Where and When – Setting
Why it happened – Motives, conflicts
How it turned out – Resolution
The big idea – Thesis or Theme
32. Cause and Effect Essays
May include only the causes, only the
effects
Multiple causes and effects
Chains of cause and effects
Causes Effects
Why did it happen? The result?
What are the reasons? The consequences?
33. Comparison and Contrast Essays
To bring two or more person, places,
objects, or ideas together for closer
examination
Compare – Consider similarities
Contrast – Consider only differences
Comparison-contrast – Consider both
similarities and differences
34. Classification Essays
A type of analysis in which you classify
information-organize or sort it into appropriate
categories
Consider how you want to classify the topic
These categories will be the basis for the details
you will include
Make sure you create useful and meaningful
categories
It is useful to create a chart to plan out your
categories
35. Problem – Solution Essay
Involves careful analysis, planning, and
organization
Is it a personal, social, psychological, economic,
political, or other type of problem?
What is my goal or objective?
What are possible solutions?
What are advantages or disadvantages of each
solution? Use a chart to keep track of your analysis
Which solution is best and why?
How do I know my solution will work? Has it been
tried? How can it be implemented and evaluated?
36. Persuasive Essays
An attempt to convince others to share your opinion
Suggestions
State your opinion on an issue as the thesis
statement
Make a list of the reasons that you believe
your position is correct or true
Present each reason as the main idea statement for a body
paragraph
37. Mixed Pattern Essays
Most essays you read and write will
contain a combination of the types of
essays that have been described.
Once you identify your topic and
purpose for writing, you can choose the
essay pattern or combination of patterns
that will help you write more effectively.
38. References
Resnick, J.& Lester, L. (2003). Text and
thought an integrated approach to
college reading and writing. NY:
Longman.