This document provides an overview of different manufacturing processes presented by a group. It discusses the tobacco manufacturing process which involves conditioning, blending, cutting, drying and flavoring tobacco. It also describes the cement manufacturing process involving mining raw materials, crushing, heating in a kiln, cooling, and grinding cement. The elements of garment manufacturing include design, pattern making, sampling, costing, grading, cutting, sewing, finishing and packing. Finally, it provides steps for chemical manufacturing including obtaining chemical properties, determining synthesis methods, developing process flow diagrams, and identifying intermediates and products.

1. Welcome To Our Presentation

2. Ferdous Mokami-----------------04814989
Mamunur Rashid----------------04814995
Tariqul Islam----------------------04815124
Faisal Islam------------------------04814963
Group Members

3. TOPICS NAME
Elements of Process In Manufacturing
Organizations

4. Different sectors of manufacturing organization
Tobacco Manufacturing Process
Cement Manufacturing Process
Elements of Garments Manufacturing process
Chemical Manufacturing

5. Tobacco Manufacturing Organization
The tobacco processing stage occurs
1. Primary Tobacco Processing
2. Expanded Tobacco Process
Primary Tobacco Processing
Various types of tobaccos are sent through conditioning cylinders, in which steam is added to
loosen and moisten the tobacco.
The conditioned tobacco is sent to storage silos, where some blending occurs.
Various blends of tobacco are flavored in cylinders, dried, and re-moisturized.
The final tobacco blend is cut, dried, and re-moisturized.
The cut tobacco is sent to flavoring cylinders for final flavoring.
Expanded tobacco, a low density tobacco, is added to the final tobacco blend during the final
processing steps.
The processed tobacco is sent to storage silos and then to the cigarette manufacturing
process.

6. Expanded Tobacco Process
Depicts the following steps generally involved in the expanded tobacco
process:
Various types of tobacco (domestic, off-shore, and/or reconstituted), that have
been moistened, cut, and flavored, are flooded with carbon dioxide.
The process conditions cause the car bon dioxide to solidify within the tobacco.
The frozen tobacco is heated rapidly, causing the carbon dioxide to vaporize. As
the carbon dioxide vaporizes, the tobacco cells expand, creating a low density
tobacco.
Tobacco Manufacturing Organization

7. The raw materials needed to produce cement (calcium carbonate, silica, alumina, and iron
ore) are generally extracted from limestone rock, chalk, shale, or clay. These raw materials
are won from the quarry by either extraction or blasting.
Cement Manufacturing Process
These naturally occurring minerals are then crushed through a milling process. These minerals
can be obtained from the waste or by-products of other industries, such as paper ash. Milling
produces a fine powder, known as raw meal, which is preheated and then sent to the kiln for
further processing.
The kiln is at the heart of the manufacturing process. Once inside the kiln, the raw meal is
heated to around 1,500 degrees C
The kiln itself is angled by 3 degrees to the horizontal to allow the material to pass through it,
over a period of 20 to 30 minutes.
Upon exiting the kiln, the clinker is cooled and stored, ready for grinding, to produce cement.
A small amount of gypsum (3 percent to 5 percent) is added to the clinker to regulate how the
cement will set. The mixture is then very finely ground to obtain "pure cement”.
Finally, the cement is stored in silos before being shipped in bulk or in bags to the sites where
it will be used.

8. Elements of Garments Manufacturing Process
Design/Sketch: It is given by buyers to manufacturers containing sketches including
measurements of particular styles
Basic Block: Basic block is an individual component of garments without any style of
design (without Allowance, Style, Design)
Working Pattern: When a pattern is made for a particular style with net dimension
regarding the basic block along with allowance then it is called working pattern
Sample Garments: To make a sample, this will be approved by buyer. After making a
sample, it is sent to buyer for approval to rectify the faults
Approved Sample: After rectify the faults, sample is again sent to buyers. If it is ok then ,
then it is called approved sample
Costing:
Fabric Costing
Making Charged
Profit
Production Pattern: Making allowance with net dimension for bulk production

9. Grading: If the buyer requires different sizes, so should be grade as S, M, L, XL, XXL
Marker Making: Marker is a thin paper which contains all the components for different sizes for a
particular style of garments
Fabric Spreading: To spread the fabrics on table properly for cutting
Cutting: To cut fabric according to marker dimension
Sorting & Bundling: Sort out the fabric according to size and for each size make in individual
bundles
Sewing: To assemble a full garments
Ironing & Finishing: After sewing we will get a complete garment which is treated with steam
ironing & also several finishing processes are done for example extra loose thread cutting
Inspection: Should be approved as initial sample
Packing: Treated by Polyethylene bag
Cartooning: After packing, it should be placed In cartooning for export
Dispatching: Ready for export
Elements of Garments Manufacturing Process

10. Step 1:
Obtain chemical information, including CAS RNs, synonyms, melting points, and
boiling points from the Chemical Properties module.
Step 2:
Determine the primary industrial mode of synthesis for each chemical in the use cluster.
Step 3:
Develop a chemical manufacturing process flow diagram for the primary mode of
synthesis. The diagram should identify the major unit operations and equipment, as well as
all input and output streams (see Methodology Details for an example chemical
manufacturing process description).
Step 4:
Identify any chemical intermediates, catalysts, feed stocks, and chemical products or by-
products involved in the synthesis that have the potential for release.
Chemical Manufacturing

11. http://textilelearner.blogspot.com/2012/02/process-flow-chart-of-
garments.html#ixzz35LHAopyk
http://www.epa.gov/dfe/pubs/tools/ctsa/ch5/mod5-2.pdf
http://www.lafarge-na.com/wps/portal/na/en/2_2_1-
Manufacturing_process
Reference

12. HAVE A NICE DAY