This document outlines key literary elements that are commonly found in Philippine literature, including plot structure, characterization techniques, narration and point of view, types of conflict, setting, and other miscellaneous elements such as irony, symbolism, imagery and figurative language. It discusses the typical introduction, complication, climax, resolution structure of plots and describes techniques like flashbacks and foreshadowing. Characterization is examined by roles and descriptions, including static versus dynamic characters. Narration perspectives like first, second and third person are also defined.

1. LLiitt 110011:: PPhhiilliippppiinnee LLiitteerraattuurree

2. Plot

 the outline of a short story
 introduction
 complication
 explosion
 deflation
 conclusion

3. Plot Techniques

 flashback
 foreshadowing
 in medias res
 deus ex machina
 suspense/ cliffhanger

4. Character

 According to role:
 major
 minor
 participant
 According to description:
 flat vs. round
 dynamic vs. static
 stereotypical

5. Narration & Point of View

 First Person - narrator is a character; I
 Objective
 Omniscient
 Limited Omniscient
 Second Person - narrator is an observer;
he/she/they
 Third Person - narrator is instructive; you

6. Conflict

 INTERNAL
 man vs. himself (dilemma)
 EXTERNAL
 man vs. man
 man vs. society
 man vs. nature
 man vs. time
 man vs. the unknown

7. Setting

 TIME - may not be specific to an exact
time or date; could refer to a season or
the period may just be hinted through
the characters’ dialogues, manners,
costume, etc.
 LOCATION - concrete or abstract

8. Miscellaneous Elements

 IRONY - verbal, situational, dramatic
 SYMBOLISM - universal, created,
leitmotif
 IMAGERY - visual, auditory, olfactory,
tactile, kinesthetic, gustatory
 FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
 THEME