This document defines and describes the elements and principles of art. It discusses the eight elements of art - color, value, saturation, form, line, shape, space, and texture. It then explains the seven principles of art - balance, contrast, emphasis, rhythm/movement, proportion/scale, unity and variety, and pattern. For each element and principle, examples are provided to illustrate their definitions and how they are applied in works of art.

1. THE
ELEMENTS
AND
PRINCIPLES
OF ARTS

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Elements of Art
1. Colour
2. Value
3. Saturation
4. Form
5. Line
6. Shape
7. Space
8. Texture

3. COLOUR
Color is the visual
perception seen by
the human eye. The
modern color wheel is
designed to explain
how color is arranged
and how colors
interact with each
other.

4. VALUE
Value refers to
how adding
black or white
to color changes
the shade of the
original color.

7. SATURATION
Saturation the
intensity of color,
and when the
color is fully
saturated, the
color is the purest
form or most
authentic version.

8. John Singer Sargent, A Dinner Table at Night, 1884
saturation scale
William Wendt, Red Poppies

9. FORM
Form gives shape to a
piece of art, whether it is
the constraints of a line in
a painting or the edge of
the sculpture. The shape
can be two-dimensional,
three-dimensional
restricted to height and
weight, or it can be free-
flowing

10. Geometric forms are regular
mathematical objects, for
example cubes, pyramids, and
spheres. Geometric forms appear
man made and suggest something
regular, solid, balanced and
permanent
GEOMETRIC FORM

11. ORGANIC FORM
On the other hand, organic forms
are natural and don’t have a
regular shape. Sometimes,
organic forms in art may seem
flowing and unpredictable.
The most obvious example of
organic forms is realistic
representations of the natural
world or living things, for
example, humans, animals,
nature, landscapes, etc.
The Lady with Dishevelled Hair
Monalisa

12. LINE
A line in art is
primarily a dot or
series of dots. The
dots form a line,
which can vary in
thickness, color, and
shape. A line is a two-
dimensional shape
unless the artist gives
it volume or mass.

13. 5 types of Lines
Vertical lines are straight
up and down lines that
are moving in space
without any slant and are
perpendicular to
horizontal lines. They
suggest height and
strength because they
extend towards the sky
and seem unshakeable.
Horizontal lines are
straight lines
parallel to the
horizon that move
from left to right.
They suggest width,
distance, calmness,
and stability.
Diagonal lines are
straight lines that
slant in any
direction except
horizontal or
vertical. When in
use, they suggest
movement or lack
of stability.
Zigzag lines are a
series of diagonal
lines joined at
ends. They can
convey action
and excitement,
as well as
restlessness and
anxiety.
Curved lines are
lines that bend and
change direction
gradually. They can
be simply wavy or
spiral. Such lines
convey the feelings
of comfort and ease,
as well as sensual
quality as they
remind us of the
human body.

14. SHAPE
The shape of the
artwork can have
many meanings. The
shape is defined as
having some sort of
outline or boundary,
whether the shape is
two or three
dimensional.

15. 2 types of Shapes
Geometric Shapes Organic Shapes

16. SPACE
Space is the area around
the focal point of the art
piece and might be
positive or negative,
shallow or deep, open, or
closed. Space is the area
around the art form; in the
case of a building, it is the
area behind, over, inside,
or next to the structure.

17. The Use of Space in Art
1. Overlapping - occurs when objects that are closer to the
viewer prevent the view of objects that are behind them.
2. Placement on the paper - Objects placed higher within the
picture plane will appear further away.
3. Size - Objects that are smaller will appear further away from
the viewer.
4. Detail - Objects that are further away should have less detail
than objects that are closer to the viewer.

18. The Use of Space in Art
5. Color and Value - Objects that are further away are
cooler in color temperature, while objects that are closer
are warmer. Objects that are further away are lighter in
value, while objects that are closer are typically darker in
value.
6. Perspective - Linear perspective is a drawing method that
uses lines to create the illusion of space on a flat surface.

19. TEXTURE
Texture can be rough or
smooth to the touch,
imitating a particular feel
or sensation. The texture is
also how your eye
perceives a surface,
whether it is flat with little
texture or displays
variations on the surface,
imitating rock, wood,
stone, fabric.

20. 3 kinds of TEXTURE
1. Tactile textures- textures that can be touched and or felt.
2. Artificial textures- are man made surface quality
that are supposed to look and feel like the original
material.
3. Visual textures- are textures evoked by a photography or
picture depicting an object.

21. 1. BALANCE
3. EMPHASIS
5. PROPORTION/SCALE
7. PATTERN
PRINCIPLES OF
ART
4. RHYTHM/MOVEMENT
6. UNITY AND VARIETY
2. CONTRAST

22. 1. BALANCE
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BALANCE
The balance in a piece of art
refers to the distribution of
weight or the apparent
weight of the piece.

23. 1. BALANCE
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Types of Balance
1. Formal or Symmetrical Balance
- the contents or either side of a
center line are exactly the same.
2. Informal or Asymmetrical Balance
- two sides of an artwork are not
exactly alike.
3. Radial Balance
- Occurs when all the elements in the
composition radiate outward from
the center or toward it.

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2. CONTRAST
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CONTRAST
Contrast is defined as the
difference in colors to
create a piece of visual
art. For instance, black
and white is a known
stark contrast and brings
vitality to a piece of art,
or it can ruin the art with
too much contrast.

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2. CONTRAST
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CONTRAST
High Contrast
-refers to a great difference between
colors or elements.
Low Contrast
- Refers to a slight difference
between colors or elements.

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2. CONTRAST
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CONTRAST

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THIRD
PRINCIPLE OF
ART

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_ _ P _ A _ _ S

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R _ Y T _ M

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P R_ _ O _ T _O N

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U N _ _ Y
AND
V _ _ I E _ Y

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P _ T T E _ _

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3. EMPHASIS
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EMPHASIS
Emphasis can be
color, unity,
balance, or any
other principle or
element of art used
to create a focal
point.

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3. EMPHASIS
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4. RHYTHM/MOVEMENT
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RHYTHM
Rhythm in a piece of art
denotes a type of
repetition used to either
demonstrate movement
or expanse. For instance,
in a painting of waves
crashing, a viewer will
automatically see the
movement as the wave
finishes.

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4. RHYTHM/MOVEMENT
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5. PROPORTION/SCALE
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PROPORTION/SCALE
Proportion is the
relationship between
items in a painting, for
example, between the
sky and mountains. If
the sky is more than
two-thirds of the
painting, it looks out
of proportion

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6. UNITY AND VARIETY
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UNITY AND VARIETY
In art, unity conveys a
sense of completeness,
pleasure when viewing
the art, and cohesiveness
to the art, and how the
patterns work together
brings unity to the
picture or object. As the
opposite of unity, variety
should provoke changes
and awareness in the art
piece.

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7. PATTERN
PATTERN
Pattern is the way
something is
organized and
repeated in its
shape or form and
can flow without
much structure in
some random
repetition.

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LISTENING.