The electrosomes, a novel surface-display system based on the specific
interaction between the cellulosomal scaffoldin protein and a cascade of
redox enzymes that allows multiple electron-release by fuel oxidation. The
electrosomes is composed of two compartment:(i) a hybrid anode, which
consists of dockerin-containing enzymes attached specifically to cohesin sites
in the scaffoldin to assemble an ethanol oxidation cascade, and (ii) a hybrid
cathode, which consists of a dockerin-containing oxygen-reducing enzyme
attached in multiple copies to the cohesin-bearing scaffoldin.
Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
Three layered self assembled structures, containing the particle core composed of nanocrystalline calcium phosphate or ceramic diamond, and is covered by a polyhydroxyl oligomeric film to which biochemically active molecules are adsorbed.
Computational modelling of drug disposition lalitajoshi9
computational modelling of drug disposition is the integral part of computer aided drug design. different kinds of tools being used in the prediction of drug disposition in human body. This topic in the CADD explains the details about the drug disposition, active transporters and tools.
NIOSOMES , GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NIOSOME , TYPES OF NIOSOMES , OTHERS TYPES OF NIOSOMES , NIOSOMES VS LIPOSOMES , COMPONENTS OF NIOSOMES , Non-ionic surfactant , Cholesterol , Charge inducing molecule , METHOD OF PREPARATION , preparation of small unilamellar vesicles , Sonication , Micro fluidization , preparation of large unilamellar vesicles , Reverse Phase Evaporation , Ether Injection , preparation of Multilamellar vesicles , Hand shaking method , Trans membrane pH gradient drug uptake process (remote loading) , Miscellaneous method :Multiple membrane extrusion method , The “Bubble” Method , Formation of Niosomes From Proniosomes , SEPARATION OF UNENTRAPPED DRUGS , Gel Filtration , Dialysis , Centrifugation , FACTORS AFFECTING THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NIOSOMES , Membrane Additives , Temperature of Hydration , PROPERTIES OF DRUGS , AMOUNT AND TYPE OF SURFACTANT
Structure of Surfactants , Resistance to Osmotic Stress , Characterization of niosomes ,Therapeutic applications of Niosomes , For Controlled Release of Drugs , To Improve the Stability and Physical Properties of the Drugs , For Targeting and Retention of Drug in Blood Circulation , Proniosomes , Aspasomes , Vesicles in Water and Oil System (v/w/o) ,Bola - niosomes , Discomes , Deformable niosomes or elastic niosomes , According to the nature of lamellarity ,Small Unilamellar vesicles (SUV) 25 – 500 nm in size.,Large Unilamellar vesicles (LUV) 0.1 – 1μm in size , Multilamellar vesicles (MLV) 1-5 μm in size , According to the size:Small Niosomes (100 nm – 200 nm) , Large Niosomes (800 nm – 900 nm),Big Niosomes (2 μm – 4 μm)
Bioenergetics is an important domain in biology. This presentation has explored ATP production and its optimum utilization in biological systems along with certain theories and experiments to give a bird's eye view of this important issue.
This Act was passed in 3rd September , 1919 in India .
To control the possession for sale and the sale whether wholesale or retails , of any specified poison .
Need of poison act ?
The act extends to the whole of India except the state of Jammu and Kashmir where only certain provisions related to the importation of specified poisons into are applicable.
The drug price control order (DPCO) is an order issued by
the government under the Essential Commodities Act which
enables it to fix the prices of some essential bulk drugs and
their formulations
The origin of this control dates back to 1970 when for the
first time the government placed limits on profitability of
pharmaceutical companies.
IN THIS SLIDE WE ARE DETAILED DISCUSSED ABOUT THE NARCOTIC DRUGS AND PASYCHOTROPIC SUBSTANCES 1985.
The Central Acts like Opium Act, 1857,the Opium Act ,1878 and the Dangerous Drugs Act,1930 were enacted a long time ago. With the changing circumstances and the developments in the field illicit drug traffic and drug abuse at national and international level ,many drawbacks have come to notice in the said Acts.
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Electrosomes
1. Preparation And Application Of
Electrosomes
HOD And Assistant Professor
Department of Pharmaceutics
Presented by:
M. Pharm 2nd Semester
Department of Pharmaceutics
MR.SHUBHAM SHARMA
4. The electrosomes, a novel surface-display system based on the specific
interaction between the cellulosomal scaffoldin protein and a cascade of
redox enzymes that allows multiple electron-release by fuel oxidation. The
electrosomes is composed of two compartment:(i) a hybrid anode, which
consists of dockerin-containing enzymes attached specifically to cohesin sites
in the scaffoldin to assemble an ethanol oxidation cascade, and (ii) a hybrid
cathode, which consists of a dockerin-containing oxygen-reducing enzyme
attached in multiple copies to the cohesin-bearing scaffoldin.
The electrosomes was designed for use both in an anode and a cathode
compartment; in each compartment, the unique attributes of the cellulosome
scaffoldin give a different advantage.
5. In the anode, the ethanol oxidation cascade consists of two enzymes, ADH and
formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FormDH), both containing a different dockerin
module of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus and of Clostridium thermocellum, C.
thermocellum (zADH-Ac and pFormDH-Ct), respectively, assembled on a
‘designer’-scaffoldin chimera displayed on the surface of S. cerevisiae.
At the cathode, copper oxidase (CueO) was selected for surface-display. CueO is
a multi-copper oxidase enzyme expressed by E. coli that catalyzes the oxidation
of Cu(I) ions coupled to oxygen reduction to water.
The different constructs used for assembly are depicted. We report the
characterization of the dockerin-containing enzymes and their electrochemical
activity using a diffusing redox mediator.
6.
7.
8.
9. Objective of Electrosomes
The molecular roots of our actions and the thoughts and feelings that drive
us to act are ion channels, proteins that form macromolecular pores in cell
membranes. These transmembrane proteins generate and propagate the
electrical signals that allow us to sense our surroundings, process
information, make decisions, and move.
Ion channel proteins act as gates that span the lipid bilayer that surrounds
all cells where they open and close to allow the flow of ions down their
electrochemical gradients.
The ion flux through a channel pore can be extremely high, ≈106 ions per
second. Because of their central role in the function of the excitable tissues
such as heart, brain, muscles, and nervous system, investigators have long
sought to understand ion channel properties from a molecular perspective.
10. The pore-forming domains of most ion channels are multimeric assemblies
possessing cyclic symmetry in a general architecture known as barrel-stave. A
fixed number of subunits assemble around the axis of the ion conduction
pore.
The very nature of these molecules—transmembrane proteins that are
difficult to obtain in the large quantities and high purity necessary for
structural investigation—has impeded attempts to obtain the most essential
information for understanding their functions, a three-dimensional
description of their molecular architectures at high resolution.
11. Method of Preparation
1. Strains and Constructs method.
2. Enzyme Binding to Scaffoldin.
3. Biofuel-Cell Assembly and Characterization.
4. Protein Expression.
5. Enzyme Activity Assays.
6. Construction of YSD of Chimeric Scaffoldins.
7. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry (CA).
12. Strains and Constructs method
The genes encoding dockerins of Acetivibrio cellulolyticus and Clostridium
thermocellum were cloned and ligated to the C-terminus of Zymomonas mobilis
alcohol dehydrogenase and to Pseudomonasputida formaldehyde dehydrogenase
by standard methods.
The dockerin module of C.thermocellum was also ligated to the C-terminus of
CueO (CueO-Ct) of E.coli.
All the dockerin-containing enzymes encoding genes have been cloned into the
pET15b vector for expression in E. coli, yielding the pET15b-zADH-Ac, pET15b-
pFormDH-Ct, and pET15b-CueO-Ct vectors.
For controls, the genes encoding the native enzymes without an appended
dockerin module were also cloned in the same vector, yielding plasmids pET15b-
zADH, pET15b-pFormDH, and pET15b-CueO.
All the chemicals used in this study are detailed in the SI section.
13. Enzyme Binding to Scaffoldin
2.0 mL of yeast cells displaying scaffoldin, for which absorbance at a wavelength of
600 nm was 1.0 , were incubated with bacterial lysates containing the expressed
enzymes at room temperature for 1 h. 1.0 mL of the bacterial lysates were used for
the binding, which was performed in a final volume of 15 ml.
As a binding buffer, 50 mM Tris buffer at pH 8.0 with 1 mM CaCl2 was used. Upon
binding, the yeast cells were precipitated, and binding was repeated using fresh
lysate.
After the second binding cycle, the yeast cells were washed four times in the buffer
to remove non-specifically bound enzymes.
For the CueO-Ct binding, the yeast cells were suspended in 0.1m acetate buffer pH
5.0 containing 1 mm CaCl2 after the last wash.
Following binding, the yeast cells were resuspended in 2.0 ml of buffer.
14. Biofuel-Cell Assembly and
Characterization
Air was continuously purged to the fuel-cells. A potentiostatically controlled anode
set to −0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl was used.
In all experiments, the cells were left to stabilize overnight, following fuel cell
assembly, before characterization was performed.
The characterization of fuel cell performance was done by measuring the voltage
of the cells under variable external loads.
A background current cell was used as a negative control for all fuel cell
experiments and did not contain any yeast. Graphite rods of 5 mm diameter
served as both anodes and cathodes.
The counter electrode that served for the potentiostatically controlled electrode
was of a larger surface area, as described for the CV and CA measurements.
15. Advantages
It perpetuates the endurance of active drug molecule in the systemic
circulation.
Deferment the elimination reactions of promptly metabolize drugs and
contributes to controlled release.
Incorporates both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs.
Intensifies the stability of medicament.
Cost of therapy is minimized by reducing the dose per unit formulation
Elevate bioavailability especially in water disfavouring drugs.
Selective uptake by tissues due to direct drug delivery.
16. Disadvantages
The production cost of electrosomes are generally high since these come
under the class of nanotherapeutics.
The constituent phospholipids present in lipid vesicular structures may
undergo oxidation or hydrolysis.
17. Application
They use enzymatic reactions to catalyze the conversion of chemical energy to
electricity in a fuel cell.
The use of enzymatic cascades in enzymatic fuel cell anodes resulted in very
high power outputs, as the electron density achieved was much higher when
the fuel was fully oxidized.
Its used as a carrier in drug targeting.
Used in the treatment of cancer.
Used in studying immune response.
Ear targeting
Muscle targeting
18. Reference
1. SHEFRIN S, SREELAXMI C. S, VISHNU VIJAYAN, SREEJA C.
NAIR.ENZYMOSOMES: A RISING EFFECTUAL TOOL FOR TARGETED DRUG
DELIVERY SYSTEM.Int J App Pharm. 2017;9(6);1-9
2. Szczupak A, Aizik D, Moraïs S, Vazana Y, Barak Y, Bayer A E, Alfonta L. The
Electrosome: A Surface-Displayed Enzymatic Cascade in a Biofuel Cell’s
Anode and a High-Density Surface-Displayed Biocathodic Enzyme.Nano-
material.2017
3. www.science direct.com