Electronics and communication

The Past , Present
& Future
In Electronics&
Communication
--By SHASHANK JAISWAL
B.TECH (MAIT ROHINI)

 What is electronics?
-Use of electricity for measurement ,
control , communications , computing
and similar applications.
 Use of electronics in daily life
-Alarms , lights , calculators ,
televisions , computers , telephones ,
fridges ,microwave ovens , etc.
Introduction

Introduction
 Thomas Alva Edison’s invention of bulb.
 Valve technology-
-developed by Sir J A Fleming
-triode valve developed by Lee de
Forest
-further development led to
introduction of radio , television and
early form of computer

Is it a ………………
TV
VCR
Hifi’s
Mobile phones
Laptop
 or else -------------
No………..
These are applications which employ
electronic circuits but they are not electronics!

Electronics is the processing of
electrical signals including
Amplification
Mixing
Switching
Shaping
Modulation/Demodulation
Filtering………………

Distribution of Information
Exchange of Information
Resource Sharing

 Radio waves –
-Waves of electromagnetic energy
that travel at the speed of light.
-Prediction-James Clerk Maxwell.
First demonstration-Heinrich Hertz.
 Radar- Radio Detection and Ranging
-Involves transmission and reflection of
radio waves.
 Transistors
It is an electronic component used to control
electric current and to provide amplification
Important subjects of
Electronics

 Integrated Circuits
Small chips of material incorporating the
functions of several separate components of a
conventional electrical circuit
 Microprocessor
Integrated circuit that contains all the functions of
a computer’s central processing unit .
 Batteries-source of electrical
energy
Important subjects of
Electronics

 Development of integrated circuits
 Wide applications of microprocessors
digital watches , hand –held computers and
electronic gaming.
 Development in digitalization of audio signals-
measuring amplitude of signal at short intervals.
 Medical Electronics-progressed from
computerized axial tomography and the use of C-
scanners
Development in Electronics

 VLSI Circuits (Very Large Scale Integrated)
 Broadband Communication Systems
 Typewriters-replaced by Computers which are
networked-can communicate with one another
 Old fashioned roll of stamps replaced-automatic
electronic mailing machines
 Developments in computer systems-introduction
of tablet-mini size handy computer
Developments in
Electronics

 Vote by e-mail
 Robotic Dragonfly
 DARPA Pix-net Camera
 Heat Sink
Upcoming Technology

 30 futuristic phones
 Controlling TV by hand
 An call from plant
 Flying cars
 Self driving cars
Upcoming Technology

 Sharing televised pictures , conversations ,
graphics , circuits and interactive software.
 People-auditory impairment-communicate easily.
 Some jobs-conducted from home.
 Acquiring a job-easy-official proceedings-
forwarded from home.
Advantages of Electronics

Advantages
 Printing made easy
 Several copies of
documents
 Photostat machines
 Hand held tape recorders
 Computer writing-more
effective-tools for spelling
and grammar
 Internet-connects all
over the world
 www-Huge resource of
information
 Mobile devices with
technological
advancements
 Benefits of tracking
system , digital maps
 Technology in education

 Security issues-hackers.
 Computers-affected by viruses.
 Difficulties-processing bulky data-providing
feedback.
 Duplication of electronic data.
 Problems-’e-mail privacy’.
 Cyber addiction
The Dark Shadow of
Electronics

Disadvantages
 Careless usage-
irrepairable problems
 Threat to confidential
information
 Manufacturing materials-
plastics-non bio-
degradable
 Process of
manufacturing-pollutes
environment

 Time conservation
 Work made easy
 Heavy jobs reduced
 Storage of information
 Access to information when needed
 Telecommunication
Benefits

 Processing time
 Machine based working
 Very less features
 Bulky gadgets
 Require pre-knowledge about gadgets
Drawbacks

 Electronic gadgets-part of our daily life.
 Overcome many difficulties-make tasks easy.
 Advantages as well as disadvantages associated
with electronics.
 Precautions must be taken while using
technological equipments.
 New technologies-which can
overcome present
disadvantages
Conclusion

After Degree…….
……….?

Core Sectors
IT Sectors
ITES Sectors
Government Sectors

 Honeywell Technologies
 Nimbeon Technologies
 Samsung
 Wipro Technologies
 Philips
 Bharat Electronics Ltd
 Alcatel India Ltd
 Cisco Systems (I) Ltd
 Enkay Telecommunications
 Ericsson India Pvt Ltd
 Siemens Ltd

Continue….
 Panasonic
 Samsung
 Sony
 Toshiba
 Sansui
 Videocon
 Onida
 Haier
 LG electronics
 Gigabyte Electronics and Communication

Continue….
 Texas Instruments
 Intel
 AMD
 CISCO
 IBM
 Samsung Electronics
 Sony
 Toshiba
 Philips Semiconductors
 HP
 LG Electronics
…………….. More ……………….

 Accel technologies Ltd
 Arcus technology Pvt Ltd
 Artech Information System Pvt Ltd
 Infosys
 HCL technologies
 Wipro technologies
 20 Microns Ltd
 3M India Ltd
 Tech Mahindra Ltd

Continue….
 Atcom technologies
 TCS
 Accenture
 HCL Technologies
 Tech Mahindra
 Conexant
 Siemens
 Nokia
…. More …..

Your Appearance – First Impressions
Count the most
 Looking and sounding the part is key
 Dress appropriately – there’s no harm in
asking before the interview.
 If in doubt follow business dress; for men
suit and tie, for women trouser/skirt suit
(not too short!) – think ‘The Apprentice’
 Also practice your handshake!

 If you’ve got an interview, the hiring manager has
probably read your CV and likes what they see.
 However, make sure: You tell the truth! You don’t want
to be caught out by an interviewer.
 You know your CV from top to bottom,
and can answer any questions. At IBM
your CV stays with you through every
stage of recruitment.
 You are prepared to answer questions
about your CV

 Interpersonal -
 Do you picture the engineer as the
nerd in the corner with the pocket
protector?
 Those days have passed.
 Engineering today means teamwork.

Continue….
 Written
 It may seem that engineering projects would
be too technical to have much use for
composition skills.
 However, in a survey of over 4000 practicing
engineers, 99% listed composition courses as
important for future engineers.

Listening - respond appropriately to the answers
given
Probing - use probing questions to get more
information about certain topics
Reflecting - paraphrase the responses
Summarizing - summarize responses given to each
question to ensure that you understand them
correctly
Evaluating - evaluate the information that you
receive during the interview and clarify right away
Continue….

 Don’t treat the interview casually.
 Don’t act as if you would take ‘any’ job
offered to you.
 Avoid making excuses, take responsibility
for your decisions and actions. There is no
harm in suggesting where you can develop.
 Don’t give the impression you are only
interested in the salary.
 Don’t be unprepared!

 Why do you think you’re the best person for the job?
 What is it about this job/opportunity that attracts you?
 What is it about this organization that made you decide
to apply for the position?
 Tell me what you know about the company, what do we
do?
 But also there will be questions specific to the role,
company and competencies they are looking for…

 Communication skill
 Confidence
 Compatibility with the company
 Learn ability
 Salary

CSIR -42 LABS
CSIO- 40 DIVISIONS
DRDO
BSNL
BEL
BHEL
CDAC
DOORDARSHAN

ISRO
BARC
TBRL
POLLUTION CONTROL BOARDS
IIT’S
DEAL
LRDE
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING DIVISIONS
Conti….

Civil Services
UPSC
Defence Services
Indian Railways
Telecom Services
Aviation Industry and many more ………

 M.E/M.TECH
 MS
 MBA
 MCA
 M.S(Research) (offered by some of the IIT’s)
•For MS in abroad ,you can give G.R.E or TOEFEL

 Embedded systems
 VLSI
 Applied Electronics
 Medical Electronics
 Communication Systems
 Power Electronics & Drives
 Communication & Networking
 Biomedical Engineering etc.,
(For M.Tech Exam you can give GATE / TANCET Exam )

 IITS
 NITS
 THAPER UNIVERSITY etc.,
GATE is the very reputed exam in India.
GATE exam is conducted in the month of
February. you have to prepare your self for
this exam from the start of 3rd year.

 CAT (Common Admission Test)
 MAT (Management Aptitude Test)
 XAT (Xavier Aptitude Test)
 GMAT (Graduate Management Admission Test )

Finance Management
Marketing Management
Information Systems
Hospital Management
Hotel Management etc.

 IIPM.
 IIM.
 NIT.
 BITS Pilani.
 CBIT etc.

 Analog Electronics
 Communication Engineering
 Image and Video Coding
 Electronic Circuits & Synthesis
 VLSI Design & Technology
 Speech Recognition

 Electronic Circuits & Systems
 Neural Computation
 IC Design
 RF device Modelling
 Analog Signal Processing
 Wireless and Mobile Communications
 Multimedia Communications
Conti….

 Semiconductor Devices
 Digital Watermarking
 Instrumentation
 Control Systems
 Biomedical Signal Processing
 Low Power Architectures for Signal Processing and
Telecommunications
Conti….

 Advanced Power Electronic
Technologies for
Transmission (FACTS
Controllers)
 Design and Development of controllers for
UPFC and IPFC
 Design and Development of state of the art
HVDC Controls

 Advanced Technologies in
Transmission:
 Gas Insulated Transmission Lines
 Application of EHV class power cables
 Application of submarine cables Promising
Technologies for future
 Innovative Visualization with sustainable self-
awareness feature
 Data Analytics on Cloud
 Real-time Power System Simulator
 Application of High Temperature
Superconducting (HTS) technology in Power
Sector.

 Utility Automation
 SCADA
 Mapping and GIS
 Outage Management System (OMS)
 Advanced Meter Infrastructure (AMI)
 Mobile Work Management (MWM)
 Information Management
 Managing Information is Key
 Substation Automation

 Advanced areas of Research
Energy Storage Devices
 High Temperature Superconducting (HTS)
Technology in Power Sector
 Smart grid technologies: Transmission Sector
and Distribution Sector
 Graphene for power application

 Wireless communication
 Satellite communication
 Internet telephony
 Nanotechnology
 Teleconferencing

 Embedded systems
 Wireless sensor networks
 Optical computing
 Electrocardiograph
 Brain computer interfaces
 PLC
Continue….

 MEMS
 Radar
 Robotics
 Microwave communication
 DTH
 Advanced processors
Continue….

“Electronics is a evergreen branch, why,
because most of the companies hire the
electronics students in lots so that they
molded the person either in the field of
software and hardware ”.

 BE YOURSELF!
 Demonstrate to us how you’re different, think
‘uniqueness’.
 Don’t just mention your school/college life.
 Think: extra curricular, volunteering, part time
jobs, and even your social activities.
 Spellin n Grammar – don’t make this mistake.

Opportunities in PSU through
GATE exam 2015

Want to lead a secure, high paid
job in PSU?
Are you aware
of PSU
classification
?
Your PSU career dreams will turn
into reality when you qualify
GATE with good score

Government and PSU Jobs 2015— Hidden Benefits
Job security
Challenging Work Environment
Handsome salary and Pay perks

Limitations of Private Jobs
The working hours can be
uncertain as they may stretch
beyond reasonable 8-hour
workdays on a regular basis
and the professional growth
prospects may become limited
after a few years or after
raising a few rungs on the
corporate ladder. After all,
everyone is not going to end
up as the CEO

Limitations of Private Jobs
Then there is job uncertainty. As recent events have shown
in India, private sector companies can lay off staff when the
requirement for them is no longer there. When you look at
the long term, govt. jobs and PSU jobs have many hidden
benefits which make those jobs highly desirable

Oceans of Opportunities
Defense production is a strategic
affair and the government keeps
things confined to the PSU side
of Indian industry, many cutting
edge projects in the defense
sector are executed in
cooperation with these PSUs —
be it the latest generation of
Sukhois, LCAs (Tejas) or other
fighter aircrafts or the Arihant
class of indigenous nuclear-
powered submarines which
required cutting edge steel for
its high-tech hull.

PSUs Plays a Significant role
Being a developing economy, India will see continuous
investment in the infrastructure sector — steel plants,
thermal, coal and nuclear power plants, exploration for oil &
natural gas, refineries, and so on — and the PSUs will have a
significant role to play even as the private sector expands

Indian Railways offers unique challenges
Similarly, govt. jobs in organizations such as the
Indian Railways offer their own unique challenges.
India’s rail network is certainly a key infrastructure
of the nation which keeps the country together.

List of Government & PSU Jobs through Gate 2015
Name of PSU Post & Vacancies Last date for
application
More Details
Airport Authority of
India(AAI)
Junior Executive (ECE) Jan-15 Click here
IOCL Engineers / Officers 17/12/2014 to
21/02/2015
Click here
BPCL Management Trainees 17/12/2014 to
30/01/2015
Click here
BBNL Executive Trainee (ECE,
CS, EEE)
15/01/2015 to
27/02/2015
Click here
NHAI Deputy Manager
(Technical) – 30
Vacancies
10-04-2015 Click here
Bank Note Paper Mill
India Private Limited
(BNPMIPL)
Engineers – 30
Vacancies
Jan-15 Click here
NBCC India Management Trainees
(Civil)
December 2014 to
January 2014
Click here

Name of PSU Post & Vacancies Last date for applicationMore Details
IRCON Limited Executive Trainees
(Civil, Mechanical,
Electrical and Signaling
& Telecom)
Mar-15 Click here
OPGC (Odisha) Executive Trainees - 32 01/01/2015 to
31/01/2015
Click here
MDL Executive Trainees
(Technical) -
Mechanical, Electrical -
34
18/12/2014 to
02/02/2015
Click here
NTPC Executive Trainees -
Electrical, Mechanical,
Instrumentation and
Electronics
20/12/2014 to
19/01/2015
Click here

HPCL Graduate Engineers -
Mechanical, Civil,
Electrical, Electronics &
Telecommunication,
Instrumentation,
Chemical
18/12/2014 to
02/02/2015
Click here
THDC India Limited Graduate Trainees -
Civil, Mechanical,
Electrical
01/12/2014 to
31/01/2015
Click here
ONGC Graduate Engineer
Trainees (GET) - 745
January-15 Click here
PSPCL Assistant Engineer
(Electrical) - 204

Power Grid Executive Trainees
Electrical
Coal India Management
Trainees
Central Electronics
Limited (CEL)
Graduate Engineers January-15 Click here

Yes, there are plenty of PSU Recruitment
through GATE Examination is happening
since 2012
 GATE qualification has become a basic
prerequisite for engineers to land in a
government jobs in many of the Public Sector
Undertakings (PSU)
 The recruitment process in many PSU’s includes
GATE score, Group Discussions and personal
interview.

PSU Recruitment through
GATE 2017 The public Sector Undertakings in India are
classified into 3 types of companies based on the
parameters like their annual revenue, listing on
Indian Stock exchange, global presence and
operations, namely
 Maharatna PSU’s
 Navaratna PSU’s
 Mini-ratna PSU’s

List of Maharatna PSU in
India
Name of Company
 Coal India Limited
 Indian Oil Corporation
Limited
 NTPC Limited
 Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited (ONGC
)
 Steel Authority of
India Limited (SAIL)
 GAIL (India) Limited
 Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited (BHEL)
Recruitment
Procedure
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE

List of Navaratna PSU in
India
Name of Company
 Bharat Electronics
Limited (BEL-India)
 Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited (BPCL
)
 HAL India
 Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited
HPCL
 MTNL (Mahanagar
Telecom limited)
 Neyveli
Lignite Corporation Limited
Recruitment
Procedure
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
Cont..

 Power Finance
Corporation Limited
 Power grid
corporation
 Rashtriya Ispat
Nigam Limited
 Rural Electrification
Corporation Limited
 Shipping
Corporation of India
Limited
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE
 GATE

Name of PSU : Streams
Applicable
 MDL
 CEL
 BPCL
Limited
 Indian Oil
 HPCL
 GAIL
 Mechanical Engineering/ Electrical
Engineering Electronics &
Communication Engineering
 Mechanical Engineering/ Electrical
Engineering/ Material Science
 Mechanical Engineering/Chemical
Engineering Instrumentation
Engineering
 Chemical, Civil, Computer Science &
IT, Electrical, Electronics &
Communications, Instrumentation,
Mechanical, Metallurgy, Petroleum,
Polymer
 Mechanical/ Civil/ Electrical/
Electronics & TeleCommunication/

 BHEL
 NLC
Ltd
 ONGC Ltd
.
 Mechanical/Electrical / Instrumentation/
Metallurgical Engineering/ Electronics
 Mechanical/ Electrical/ Electronics &
Communication Engineering/ Civil/
Instrumentation/ Computer Science/ Mining
 Mechanical/ Petroleum/ Civil/ Electrical/
Electronics/ Telecom/ E&T/ PG in Physics with
Electronics/ Instrumentation/ Chemcical/ Applied
Petroleum/ PG in Geo-Physics/ PG in
Mathematics/ PG in Petroleum Technology/PG in
Chemistry/ PG in Geology/ PG in Petroleum Geo-
Science/ PG in Geological Technology/ Auto
Engineering/ Computer Engineering/ Information
Technology/ MCA/ "B'Level Diploma as per Dept
of Electronics, GOI
Cont..

 Electrical/Civil/ Mechanical/
Geology
 Electrical/ Electronics and
Communication/ Civil Engineering/
Computer Science/ Information
Technology
 Chemical/ Mechanical/ Electrical/
Instrumentation
 Electrical Engineering
 Civil Engineering
 Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics,
Instrumentation, Civil and
Computer Science & Information
Technology
 Computer Science/ Electronics and
Communications or
Electronics/Physics or Chemistry/
 NHPC
Limited
 POWERGRID
 NFL
 WBSEDCL
 NBCC Ltd
 NTPC
Limited
 Cabinet Secretariat,
Govt
of India
Cont..

 Oil India
 IRP
 PSPCL
 PSTCL
 Mechanical Engineering / PG in
GeoPhysics/ Geology
 To be notified
 Electrical Engineering, Electrical &
Electronics Engineering
 Electrical/ Electrical & Electronics/
Mechanical/ Electronics &
Communication/ Instrumentation &
Control/ Civil/ Computer Science/ IT
Cont..

List of Updated PSU Through
GATE 2017
 HPU PSU Recruitment through GATE 2017 Official Notification
 Senior Research Officer SRO Group A Recruitment through GA
 Midhani
Management Trainees Recruitment through GATE 2017
 Mazagon
Dock Limited ET Recruitment through GATE 2017
 BPCL Recruitment through GATE 2017
 BHEL Engineer Trainees Recruitment through GATE 2017
 HPCL Recruitment of Officers through GATE 2017
Cont..

 IOCL Graduate Engineers Recruitment through GATE 2017
 PowerGrid
Executive Trainees Recruitment through GATE 2017
 ONGC Graduate Trainees Recruitment through GATE 2017
 WBSEDCL Assistant Engineer Recruitment through GATE 2017
 BMEL Management Trainees Recruitment through GATE 2017
 **BSNL JTO Recruitment through GATE 2017 | 2510 Job Openin
 GAIL Executive Trainee Recruitment through GATE 2017
 HAL Management Trainee Recruitment through GATE 2017

Why I.E.S.?
Indian Engineering services-UPSC
OR
Engineering Services Examination
(ESE)

Appointments to the Group A services.
Most reputed Jobs for
Engineering Graduates in govt.
departments.
Technical and managerial functions of
the Government of India

I.E.S.-Career progression
At the time of selection – Assistant Executive Engineer
after 3–4 years of service – Executive Engineer
after 8 years of service – Superintending Engineer / Deputy General Manager
after 13 years of service – Chief Engineer level-2 / Joint General Manager
after 20 years of service – Chief Engineer / Additional General Manager
after 30 years of service – Engineer-in-Chief / Senior General Manager
after 34 years of service - Chairman / Director General

Major Departments
• Indian Railway Service of Engineers
• Indian Railway Stores Service
• Border Roads Organisation
• Central Engineering Service (CPWD)
• Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
• Central Water Commission
• Military Engineer Services
• Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS)
• Indian Telecommunication Service
• J.T.O.
** Seats varies every year
Major Departments
• Indian Railway Service of Engineers
• Indian Railway Stores Service
• Border Roads Organisation
• Central Engineering Service (CPWD)
• Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
• Central Water Commission
• Military Engineer Services
• Indian Ordnance Factories Service (IOFS)
• Indian Telecommunication Service
• J.T.O.
** Seats varies every year

Job Category
1. Civil Engineering
2.Mechanical Engineering
3. Electrical Engineering
4. Electronics & Telecommunication

Qualifications Eligibility
A degree in Engineering from a recognised university
OR
M.Sc. degree or its equivalent
** Final Year or PASSOUT candidate

Scheme of Written Examination
Paper I (Objective 200 Marks) General Ability Test
(Part A: General English) (Part B: General Studies)
Papers II & III (Objective 200 Marks) Technical
Papers IV & V (Conventional 200 Marks) Technical
------------------------------Written : 1000Marks------------------------------------
Personality Test 200 Marks

Analysis of
Previous ?
What will I
learn?
When
should I
start?
What are
the
Reference
books ??
Which
type of
program?
How much
time required
to prepare?
How do I
begin?

Minimum Qualifying Marks in each Objective paper :
15%(30/200) for All category
Minimum Qualifying Marks in each Conventional paper:
15%(30/200) for General & OBC
10%(20/200) for SC/ST & PH

IES 2013 : FINAL Cut-off Analysis

IES Syllabus Overview
General Ability Test :
General English + General Study( History, Geography,
Indian Polity, Life Science, Current-Affairs)
Technical Test: 11-12 Engineering Subjects

Option 2: Higher
education
• GATE (M.TECH)
• IES
• MBA
• MS
•

G.A.T.E
Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering
Entrance
2016

What is GATE?
What is GATE GATE (Graduate aptitude test
in Engineering) is an all India competitive
exam for securing admission to Master's
program in Engineering, in various engineering
colleges and the premier Institutes in the
country including IIT’s, IISc . The score of
GATE is also helpful during interviews and
Public sector unit job’s screening.

Why GATE ?
 GATE preparation helps you appreciate ,enjoy and improve
knowledge of your B.E. course.
 Increase chances of foreign placement.
 Better quality job assured ,especially if you prefer technical work.
 Be called an IITian for life.
 M-Tech degree is must to teach in an engineering college.
 In short better career and higher salary.

Some Recent Changes Made in GATE
Some Recent Changes Made in GATE The GATE
for 2014 is being organized by IIT Kharagpur,
this year.
Female candidate exempted from paying
application fee.
Papers of 15 subjects will be conducted online.
The photograph and fingerprint and signature
must also be uploaded online.
New formula adapted to calculate scores. And
few more changes.

Overview of GATE 2016
The GATE 2016 will jointly administered by the
IISc and seven IIT’s namely Mumbai, Delhi,
Kanpur, Roorkee, Madras, Kharagpur, Guwahati.
The GATE organizing institute will be responsible
for end to end process and making coordination
among the other administering institutes.
The candidates who qualify the GATE exam and
pursue the Masters programs and direct doctoral
programs in Engineering, Technology, Architecture
and doctoral programs will be given financial
assistance by MHRD, government of India.

Reasons for choosing GATE
 Getting placed in PSUs(Public Sector
Undertakings i.e., government-owned
companies).
 Getting M-tech. Degree from IITs & NITs.
 GATE qualified students are also eligible for
the award of Junior Research Fellowship in
CSIR Laboratories and CSIR sponsored
projects.
 Just for Experience.

GATE syllabus for ECE
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
 Mathematical Logic: Propositional Logic; First Order Logic
 Probability: Conditional Probability; Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation; Random
Variables; Distributions; uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson, Binomial
 Set Theory & Algebra: Sets; Relations; Functions; Groups; Partial Orders; Lattice; Boolean Algebra
 Combinatory: Permutations; Combinations; Counting; Summation; generating
functions;recurrencerelations;asymptotics
 Graph Theory: Connectivity; spanning trees; Cut vertices & edges; covering; matching;
independent sets; Colouring;Planarity; Isomorphism.
 Linear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen values and
Eigen vectors.
 Numerical Methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of
non-linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton- Raphson Methods; Numerical
integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.
 Calculus: Limit, Continuity & differentiability, Mean value Theorems, Theorems of integral
calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives, maxima
& minima cont…

Difference between
Percentage and Percentile
Percentage
A percentage is a number or ratio expressed as a fraction of 100.
 Percentile
A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value
below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall.
Percentile=((N-Your rank)/N)*100
N= no of peoples appeared in exam in individual stream.

Cut-Off Of GATE 2014
GATE Paper Code GATE Paper No. of
Candidates
Appeared
Qualifying
Marks (general)
Qualifying
Marks (OBC-
NCL)
Qualifying Marks
(SC/ST/PWD)
CS Computer Science
and Information
Technology
155190 25 22.5 16.67
ME Mechanical
Engineering
185578 28.86 25.97 19.24
CE Civil Engineering 90872 26.57 23.91 17.71
EC Electronics and
Communication
Engineering
216367 25.56 23.01 17.04
EE Electrical
Engineering
141799 25 22.5 16.67
XE Engineering
Sciences
2532 29.18 26.26 19.45
XL Life Sciences 8527 31.04 27.93 20.69

Cut-Off Of GATE 2015
GATE Paper
Code
GATE Paper No. of
Candidates
Appeared
Qualifying
Marks (general)
Qualifying
Marks (OBC-
NCL)
Qualifying
Marks
(SC/ST/PWD)
CS Computer Science
and Information
Technology
115425 25.00 22.50 16.67
ME Mechanical
Engineering
185758 32.73 29.46 21.82
CE Civil Engineering 101429 25.00 22.50 16.67
EC Electronics and
Communication
Engineering
172714 25.00 22.50 16.67
EE Electrical 125851 25.00 22.50 16.67

GATE 2017
 GATE 2016 examination will be held from last week of January 2017 to 3rd
week of February 2017, during forenoon and afternoon session on
Saturday and Sundays of the alternative week ends.
 The complete examination schedule will be notified to the candidates as
soon as any official information will be available.

NAME OF THE EXAM INSTITUTE
NMAT Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies
CMAT LN Welingkar Institute Of management & Development,ITM
Business School,BIMM,KJ Somaiya Institute of management and
research,SIMSREE,etc.
SNAP Symbiosis Institute of Management Studies
XAT XLRI,SPJIMR
IIFT Indian Institute Of Foreign Trade
MICAT MICA
TISS H.R. College
CET JBIMS,SIES,N L Dalmia,ITM Business School
GMAT All B-Schools
CAT IIMs
Following is list of Entrance Exams for MBA along
with their Institutes-

Research Document - CAT
Common Admission TestCommon Admission Test

Introduction
MBA(Masters In Business Administration) is a masters degree in business administration.
MBA is a terminal degree and a professional Business schools in many countries offer
programs tailored to full-time, part-time, executive (abridged coursework typically occurring
on nights and/or weekends), and distance learning students, many with concentrations.
In India,specifically,there are many institutes which offer MBA certification. To get into your
desired institute you will have to appear for its entrance test, qualifying which and
considering your profile,you will be admitted in that college for a 2-year MBA course.
Each college has its own set of entrance exams and its criteria for intake of students.
Some institutes even hold GD PI sessions to select its students.

 Today, an MBA degree is looked at as a passport to a good
career.
 Cracking CAT with good percentile can fetch you a good and
rewarding job with fat pay packets from a variety of sectors -
ranging from FMCG, Banking, Telecom, Retail, Consultancy and
Manufacturing etc.
WHY CAT ?
133

These exams are having subjects like -
● Quantitative Aptitude
● Verbal / English Proficiency
● Current Affairs
● General Knowledge
● Logical Reasoning
● Data Interpretation
A thorough study of these subjects and off course smart study will make you through your dream college.
Smart study is suggested because weightage of each subject differs from exam to exam.
For eg: CAT does not have current affairs,so no point studying for it. Similarly, exams like XAT and SNAP
have a good chunk of current affairs so it is highly advisable to do be updated with your GK and Current
Affairs.
Subjects Tested in the Entrance Exam

The Common Admission Test
135
CAT is a National Level Management Entrance Test
conducted by the IIMs.
CAT is a National Level Management Entrance Test
conducted by the IIMs.
•CATis
multi
ple-
choic
e
base
d
with
negat
ive-
mark
penal
ties
for
wron
g
answ
ers.
Marking Pattern
•The
test
consi
stsof
quest
ions
that
evalu
atea
candi
date’
s
quan
titati
ve,
verba
l,and
logica
l&
data
inter
preta
tion
abiliti
es.
Test Pattern
•13
IIMs
and
more
than
160
mana
geme
nt
scho
ols
accep
tCAT
score
s.
Acceptance

Eligibility for CAT
Admission through CAT - candidate must hold a Bachelor’s
Degree, with at least 50% marks or equivalent.
&
45% in case of the candidates belonging to Scheduled Caste (SC),
Scheduled Tribe (ST) and Differently Abled (DA)categories.
Candidates appearing for the final year of
bachelor’s degree/equivalent qualification
examination and those who are awaiting for final
year result can also apply.
. 136

30 Questions in each Section Time – 70 Minutes for each section
137
55
THE CAT NOW
1st Section
2nd Section

FACTS
138
•Only
2650
stude
nts
got
select
edfor
IIMs.
Nearly 205,345 students
appeared in CAT year 2010-11.
•The
result
is
declare
dby
second
week
of
January
.
Earlier CAT was conducted
on the third Sunday of
November. The test
duration was two and a half
hours.
from
the
aggrega
tescore
inCAT,
candida
tes
needto
clear
cut-offs
ineach
section
ofthe
CATas
well,in
orderto
be
shortlist
edfor
the
group
discussi
on/
persona
l
intervie
w
round.
The result is declared in terms
of percentile, For example a
percentile of 99 shows that
only 1% students have scored
higher than you.

CHANGED PATTERN OF CAT
139
CAT
is
now
onli
ne
•CAT
examin
2011
was
conduc
ted
online
from
22nd
Octobe
rto
18th
Novem
ber.
•The
CAT
2011
provide
da15-
minute
tutorial
before
thetest
begun
More
Acce
ssibil
ity
•CAT
was
conduc
ted
across
36
citiesin
2011
•More
then80
Centre'
s
assigne
dfor
CAT
Two
secti
ons
inste
adof
three
•The
first
section
was
consist
of
questio
ns
relating
to
quantit
ative
aptitud
eand
data
interpr
etation
.
•The
second
section
compri
se
verbal
and
non-
verbal
reasoni
ngand
logical
reasoni
ng

State wise Break up for CAT aspirants
New Delhi Bangalore Mumbai Hyderabad Pune Chennai
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
60,000
21,200 20,000 18,000
15,000 13,500

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