ELECTRONIC_FUEL_INJECTION.ppt
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This document discusses electronic fuel injection systems used in vehicles. It describes how computers precisely control fuel injectors based on various engine parameters to meet emission standards. It outlines different EFI systems including throttle body injection, multi-port fuel injection, and centralized port injection. It details the components involved like fuel injectors, fuel rails, and pressure regulators that work together to deliver the optimal air-fuel ratio for all driving conditions.
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2. Factors that cause cyclic variations in engine performance like variations in mixture motion, composition, temperature and residual gases between cycles.
3. The combustion process in cycles, characterized by the mass fraction burned at different crank angles and the relationship between flame development and propagation periods.
4. Testing procedures for measuring engine emissions using the Federal Test Procedure involving sampling at different points in the driving cycle.
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This document discusses multi-point fuel injection (MPFI) systems. It begins by defining MPFI as a system where fuel is injected into individual cylinders based on commands from the engine control unit (ECU). It then describes the key components of an MPFI system including the fuel tank, fuel pump, fuel filter, injectors, intake manifold, fuel lines, ECU, and sensors. The document outlines the stages of fuel injection and discusses sequential and simultaneous injection types. It concludes by explaining the advantages of MPFI systems like improved fuel delivery and throttle response compared to carbureted engines.
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- The components and functioning of DFI systems, including high pressure fuel rails and injectors located in the cylinder. DFI allows for stratified charge and homogeneous operating modes.
- The advantages of DFI over MPFI, including more complete combustion, better temperature patterns during combustion, and reduced intake duct losses, leading to improved efficiency.
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The document discusses fuel injection systems, specifically multiport fuel injection (MPFI) and direct fuel injection (DFI) systems. It provides details on:
1) The components of an MPFI system include the air intake system, fuel delivery system, and electronic control system. Fuel is injected into the intake ports near each cylinder.
2) DFI systems inject fuel directly into the combustion chamber. This allows for stratified charge operation, where fuel is injected during compression for improved efficiency.
3) The key difference between MPFI and DFI is that DFI provides independent control of air and fuel quantities, allowing for optimization of power delivery and emissions reduction.
Unit ii engine auxiliary systems
The document discusses various auxiliary systems used in engines, including carburetors, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, and emission control systems. It provides details on how carburetors work to mix fuel and air, and the limitations of carburetors that led to the development of fuel injection systems. It then describes different types of fuel injection and ignition systems, and emission control technologies like catalytic converters, EGR, and evaporative emission control systems used to reduce pollutants from engine exhaust.
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The document discusses various auxiliary systems used in engines, including carburetors, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, and emission control systems. It provides details on how carburetors work to mix fuel and air, and the limitations of carburetors that led to the development of fuel injection systems. It then describes different types of fuel injection and ignition systems, and emission control technologies like catalytic converters, EGR, and evaporative emission control systems used to reduce pollutants from engine exhaust.
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The document discusses various auxiliary systems used in engines, including carburetors, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, and emission control systems. It provides details on how carburetors work to mix fuel and air, and the limitations of carburetors that led to the development of fuel injection systems. It then describes the working of different fuel injection systems as well as ignition and emission control systems such as EGR that are used to reduce pollutants from engine exhaust.
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The document discusses various auxiliary systems used in engines, including carburetors, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, and emission control systems. It provides details on how carburetors work to mix fuel and air, and the limitations of carburetors that led to the development of fuel injection systems. Electronic fuel injection systems use various sensors and an electronic control unit to precisely control fuel delivery. Exhaust gas recirculation systems and catalytic converters are also discussed as methods to control engine emissions.
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This document summarizes different types of fuel injection systems used in diesel engines. It describes air injection systems which inject fuel along with compressed air, but are not commonly used today. It also discusses solid injection and airless injection systems, categorizing them as common rail, individual pump and injector, or distributor injection systems. The common rail system uses a single high-pressure pump to supply fuel to a header or rail that distributes fuel to each injector. Individual pump systems have a separate pump for each injector. Distributor systems use a central pump and distributor block to time fuel injection.
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3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
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The document discusses various auxiliary systems used in engines, including carburetors, fuel injection systems, ignition systems, and emission control systems. It provides details on how carburetors work to mix fuel and air, and the limitations of carburetors that led to the development of fuel injection systems. It then describes different types of fuel injection and ignition systems, and emission control technologies like catalytic converters, EGR, and evaporative emission control systems used to reduce pollutants from engine exhaust.
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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
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ELECTRONIC_FUEL_INJECTION.ppt
- 2. Introduction • Strict emission standards require precise fuel delivery • Computers used to calculate fuel needs • EFI very precise, reliable & cost effective • EFI provide correct A/F ratio for all loads, speeds, & temp ranges
- 3. The Fuel Injector • Electromechanical device • Controlled by PCM • Engine rpm determines when injector opens • How long it stays open determined by: – Engine temp – Engine load – Throttle pos. – O2 sensor voltage
- 4. Throttle Body Injection (TBI) • First injection unit used • Housing similar to Carb • One or two injector • One or two of these units mounted to intake manifold FIG 6-40 CLASS
- 5. LOW PRESSURE FUEL INJECTOR • 13-16 psi operating pressure • Ball style pintle • Easily replaceable
- 7. Multi-Port Fuel Injection • One injector per cylinder • Mounts in intake manifold, sprays directly at intake valve • Fired in groups or individually (SFI) • Ram Tuning for denser air charge • Lower A/F temps • Leaner mixture during warm-up
- 8. Bosch & Delphi Multec
- 9. Fuel Pressure Regulator • Located at end of fuel rail • Maintains constant pressure at injectors • Internal chamber contains a diaphragm – Pressurized fuel on one side – Manifold vacuum & spring tension on other • Manifold vacuum pulls up on diaphragm, metering fuel that is returned to tank • Excess fuel pressure can overcome spring tension, allowing fuel to return to tank • Increases in manifold pressure causes spring tension to push diaphragm down, blocking return line, increasing pressure in rail.
- 11. Fuel return Vacuum hose connection Fuel rail Fuel Pressure Regulator
- 12. Central Port Injection (CPI) • Injector located in center of intake manifold • 60 psi system • 6 or 8 poppet valves attached to one TBI type injector
- 13. Central Multi-Port Injection (CMPI) • Similar to CPI • Individual injectors, with poppet valves
- 14. CMPI Connections Electrical Connectors Fuel Supply Fuel Return
- 15. CMPI Up Close Fuel Pressure Regulator Cylinder Numbers
- 16. Poppet Nozzles • Contains a check ball & extension spring • Regulate the flow of fuel into cylinder • Fuel flows when pressure exceeds 40 psi • Ball reseats when pressure drops
- 17. Injector Testing • Coil Test – Specific current supplied, measures voltage drop • Injector Balance – Inj. Energized for a precise time frame, record fuel pressure drop
- 18. Injector Circuit Testing • Noid lights • Simple test light that plugs into injector connector • Light flashes with each electrical pulse
- 19. Injector Cleaning • Periodic cleaning removes varnish & other deposits • Pressurized canister dispenses cleaning solution • MUST disconnect fuel pump!