Electric instalation operation and training manual

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Installation
Construction Works
Prepared by KAHF
Consultancy
November 2018

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Table of contents
Definitions of Electrical Terms You Should Know.................................................................................................................................. 1
Electrical Terms For Circuits................................................................................................................................................................ 2
Electrical Terms for Components......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Electrical Terms for Mathematical Calculations .................................................................................................................................. 6
Electrical Terms For Conduit Bending................................................................................................................................................. 8
Random Electrical Terms That You Should Be Familiar With ............................................................................................................ 9
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on installing electrical metallic conduit, wire ways and cable clamp, telephone
terminal cabinet and distribution frame used in roughing-in based on the required performance standards.......................................... 30
Element ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Performance Criteria ................................................................................................................................................................... 52
It may include: .................................................................................................................................................................................. 52
2.1. Information documentation procedures........................................................................................................................... 52
Self check Home Electrical Concepts and Components......................................................................................................................... 60
Glossary - All Terms and Definitions Listed Alphabetically.................................................................................................................. 68
References ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 167
ACRONYMS ......................................................................................
PART 1 ..............................................................................................
1. Introduction ..............................................................................
1.1. Scope of the Manual:.........................................................
1.2. How to use the manual:.....................................................
1.3. Who shall use the manual .................................................
1.4. Organization of the manual................................................
PART II ..............................................................................................
2. Operation and Maintenance-Basics .........................................
2.1. What is Operation..............................................................
2.2. What is Maintenance? .......................................................
2.3. Types of Maintenance .......................................................
2.4. Importance of O&M to Prisons...........................................

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2.5. O&M Challenges in Ethiopian Regional Prisons................
PART III .............................................................................................
3. Basic Hand Tools and Safety Tips ...........................................
3.1. General Electrical Tools.....................................................
3.3. Safety Tips.........................................................................
PART IV Installation Accessories.......................................................
4. Conductor/Cable ......................................................................
4.1. STRIPPING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR……………………………………………….
4.1.1. RATTAIL OR PIG TAIL SPLICE…………………………………………………………….
4.1.2. WESTERN UNION SHORT TIE 17…………………………………………………………
4.1.3. PLAIN TAP JOINT …………………………………………………………………………
4.2 Electrical Switches....................................................................
4.2.1.Single Switch
4.2.2. Two-way Switch
4.2.3 three-way switch
4.2.4 4-way switch

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4.3ELECTRICAL PROTECTION DEVICES
4.3.1 Fuses
4.3.2 Circuit breaker
4.4Electrical/Electro-mechanical Appliances......................................
4.4.1. Fluorescent Lamp..............................................................
4.4.2. Socket Out let....................................................................
4.4.3. Circuit Breaker...................................................................
4.4.4. Electric Mitad.....................................................................
4.4.5. Surface Mounted Pump.....................................................
4.4.6. Flour Mill............................................................................
4.4.7 Diesel Generator……………………………………………..
O&M: Operation and Maintenance
ACRONYMS
ICRC: International Committee of the Red Cross
SNNPRS: Southern Nation, Nationalities and Peoples Regional State
PM: Preventive Maintenance
AC: Alternating Current
Some common terminologies in Electrical installation systems
. Voltage, V
- A measurement of the potential of electrical energy that can drive electrons from one position to the other.
Sometimes called as the potential difference.
- SI unit of measurement, V- VOLTS, or KV – kilovolts
. Current, I
- The flow of electron inside any conducting medium. i.e., It is electricity flowing in a conductor.
- SI unit of measurement, A, amp or amps
. Power, P
- The amount of electrical energy. Or the rate of energy conversion
- SI unit of measurement, W - watts, or KW – kilowatts.

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1. Introduction
PART 1
Introduction
Our country Ethiopia has embarked on a
process of reforming its TVET-System.
Within the policies and strategies of the
Ethiopian Government, technology
transformation – by using international
standards and international best practices
as the basis, and, adopting, adapting and
verifying them in the Ethiopian context – is
a pivotal element. TVET is given an
important role with regard to technology
transfer. The new paradigm in the
outcome-based TVET system is the
orientation at the current and anticipated
future demand of the economy and the
labor market.
The Ethiopian Occupational Standards
(EOS) are - a core element of the
Ethiopian National TVET-Strategy and an
important factor within the context of the
National TVET-Qualification Framework
(NTQF).They are national Ethiopia
standards, which define the occupational
requirements and expected outcome
related to a specific occupation without
taking TVET delivery into account.
This document details the mandatory
format, sequencing, wording and layout
for the Ethiopian Occupational Standard
comprised of Units of Competence.
A Unit of Competence describes a distinct
work activity. It is documented in a
standard format that comprises:
 Occupational title, NTQF level
 Unit code
 Unit title
 Unit descriptor
 Unit of Competence
 Elements and performance criteria
 Variables and Range statement
 Evidence guide
Together all the parts of a Unit of Competence guide
the assessor in determining whether the candidate is
competent.
The ensuing sections of this EOS document comprise
a description of the respective occupation with all the
key components of a Unit of Competence:
 chart with an overview of all Units of Competence
for the respective level (Unit of Competence Chart)
including the Unit Codes and the Unit titles
 contents of each Unit of Competence (competence
standard)
 occupational map providing the technical and
vocational education and training (TVET) providers
with information and important requirements to
consider when designing training programs for this
standards and for the individual, a career path
2. Operation and Maintenance-Basics
2.1. What is Operation

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PART II
Operation of a facility includes all the activities related to the normal performance of the functions
for which the facility or item is intended to be used.
Put another way, operation can be represented by the process flow of a system trying to achieve
its objectives such as serving customers, selling a product, diagnosing a patient.
In prisons operation of facilities include open/close taps, open/close showers, operating
generators, operating kitchen appliances and the likes.
Proper Operation always requires following operational procedures or sequences-
Operation of prison facilities for example requires the strict following of the operation sequences
as recommended by the manufacturer or engineers.
2.2.What is Maintenance?
Maintenance includes all actions necessary for retaining an item, or restoring to its serviceable
condition, such as servicing, repair, modification, overhaul, inspection and.condition verification.
Maintenance of prison facilities include all the day to day care of detention blocks, cleaning,
removal of solid waste,desludging,toilet cleaning and sanitizing, lawn mowing, cleaning gutters,
cleaning drainages, repairing leaking pipes, changing generator oils, repairing broken taps etc.
2.3.Types of Maintenance
Maintenance can be classified in general into two categories as Preventive and Reactive
Preventive Maintenance (PM)
Maintenance activities undertaken before failure occurs. For example, checking the oil level in
generators, cleaning water tanks.
Preventive maintenance is highly recommended for prison facilities as it promotes the smooth
operation of prison facilities all the times and is also cost effective.

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Reactive Maintenance:
Reactive Maintenance tasks are performed when equipment is actually broken down or fails to
operate properly. All emergency, all urgent jobs are reactive maintenance.
This type of maintenance is not recommended for prison facilities for the following major reasons.
 Breakdown generally occurs during inappropriate times leading to poor and hurried
maintenance
 Faster deterioration of prison infrastructures
 Increases chances of accidents and less safety for both detainees and staff
2.4.Importance of O&M to Prisons
Implementation of proper Operation and Maintenance system in prison institutes ensures the
following benefits in the short or longer periods
 The facilities are available to provide their intended services all the times
 Facilities and their sub-systems are in working order all the times
 The useful life of facilities increases
 Reduced cost of replacement and repair of prison facilities
 Creates safe, comfortable and efficiently-operating prisons
 Provides healthy and hygienic conditions for the detainees, staff and local community
 Improved security due to structural integrity and detainee satisfaction;
2.5.O&M Challenges in Ethiopian Regional Prisons
Regional prisons assessment and discussion results with prison authorities show that,
maintenance of prison facilities lack due consideration. Most of Ethiopian regional prisons struggle
with their O&M systems. The major challenges include but not limited to the following:
 Lack of management attention towards maintenance
 Difficulties in applying quantitative analysis
 Difficulties in obtaining time and cost estimates for maintenance works
 Difficulties in measuring performance of maintenance works
 Absence of cost reports to aid maintenance planning and control system
 Failure to develop written objectives and policy that is derived from the mission statement of
the prison institutes

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3. Basic Hand Tools and Safety Tips
PART III
This section presents the basic hand tools and safety tips that are required for performing
Operation and Maintenance activities in prisons.
The hand tools and safety tips discussed in this section though represent only the minimum
requirement, however the types, quantity and quality of the items depends on the complexity of the
prison infrastructures.
3.1.General Electrical Tools
Pliers are available with both insulated and uninsulated handles, which are used in handling
and twisting wires. The handle insulation is not considered sufficient protection alone. Other
safety precaution must be observed. Common types of pliers are:
Slip joint Diagonal cutting Side cutting
Retainer ring Long nose Snap ring
Screw drivers come in various sizes and shapes. They are used to drive and pull out screws.
They are made of insulated handles with either sharp andsquare tips. The width of the
screw driver should match the width of the screw slot. Common types of screw drivers are:
Standard type Phillips Offset

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TEST LIGHT
A Test Light is a simple piece of electronic test equipment used to determine the presence or
absence of AC voltage in a piece of equipment under test.
MULTIMETER
Multimeter is an electronicmeasuring instrument that combines several measurement functions in
one
Unit.Multimeters can measure voltage, current, and resistance ce
CONTINUITY TESTER
A continuity tester is an item of electrical test equipment used to determine if an electrical path can
be established between two points.

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INSULATION RESISTANCE TESTER
An electronic diagnostic tool used to identify aging, insulation breakdown or integrity of the
insulation system in electrical equipment.
CLAMPMETER
Clampmeter is an electrical device with jaws which open to allow clamping around an electrical
conductor. This allows measurement of the current in a conductor without the need to make
physical contact with it.

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HAND ELECTRIC DRILL
Hand Electr ic Drill is electric ally
operated tool to drill parts.

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3.2.Safety Tips
While performing any Operation and Maintenance tasks in prisons, technicians or detainees
responsible for the work should strictly follow the following occupational safety tips.
I. PERSONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Use proper closing for the work, overall and safety shoes
 Wear goggles when required
 Wear gloves and helmet
 Avoid wearing jewelries
CORRECT USE OF TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT
Safe care and use of hand tools
1. Check for defects:
 Hammers – handles tight, no mushrooming of heads.
 Files – handles fitted, sharpness.
 Screwdrivers – Tips square and correctly shaped, not worn, handles in good condition,
insulated and secured.
 Chisels and punches – heads not mushroomed and burred.
 Spanners – not rounded.
2. Apply general safety rules:
 Use correct tool for the job.
 Use correct size tool for the job.
 Report and replace broken tools.
 Use tools correctly.
 Store tools away after use.
3. Use hand tools safely:
 Screwdrivers – work secured, must fit the screw, use drill or awl to start the screw.
 Hammers – keep eyes on nail or chisel etc., wear gloves or use foam rubber discs. Wear
goggles if necessary.
 Files – keep clean and harp, ensure handle is fitted and tight, never hit with a hammer or
use as a lever, do not put in pocket.
4. Portable electrical equipment
1.1 Examine before use:
 Make sure it is earthed (if not double insulated)
 earth wire to centre pin and line conductor to correct live pin on plug top.
 Check cord for cracks or weakness – replace, do not patch.
 Check switches for correct on/off operation.
 Check for damage or cracks in housing.
5. Operate safely:
 Place cord safely – away from heat, water and oil, out of the way of persons walking or
vehicles crossing.
 Stop tools before adjusting.
 Secure work piece.
 Work at correct speed – do not force.
 Wear PPE when appropriate.

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6. Safe use of ladders
3.1 Examine before use:
 Keep ladders clean – dirt hides defects, grease or oil cause people to slip.
 Check for defects, cracks etc. – repair or replace.
 Check safety feet where fitted.
 Check hinges on step ladder.
3.2 Use ladders safely:
 Use correct ladder for the job (type and size).
 No metal ladders or metal-reinforced ladders when working on electrical apparatus
 Do not bring into contact with power conductors.
 Place at correct angle
 Unless ladder is securely tied at the top, it must be held by another person.
 Lock hinges when using a step ladder.
 Lock doors before placing ladder over door.
 Do not lean ladder against windows or doors.
 Haul tools up using a bucket or basket, and remove after use.
 Store out of the way and safely after use – either lying on its side or suspended from
several wall brackets to prevent warping.
2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 understand the SOP of the work
 Clean up any oil leakage
 After completion of the work, clean the bench and the area around
 Do not smoke around the work area
3. ACCESSORIES SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
 Place the different electrical and plumbing accessories in a rack based on their type
 Proper and efficient use of accessories
 Avoid unnecessary byproducts of the work from the work in progress

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Part IV
Some common terminologies in Electrical installation systems
. Voltage, V
- A measurement of the potential of electrical energy that can drive electrons from one position to the
other. Sometimes called as the potential difference.
- SI unit of measurement, V- VOLTS, or KV – kilovolts
. Current, I
- The flow of electron inside any conducting medium. i.e., It is electricity flowing in a conductor.
- SI unit of measurement, A, amp or amps
. Power, P
- The amount of electrical energy. Or the rate of energy conversion
- SI unit of measurement, W - watts, or KW – kilowatts.

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Example how to interpreting a given diagram

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4. Installation Accessories
4.1CONDUCTORS
Stranded copper conductors
PVC
PVC
Wire armouring
PVC
Definition
PVC insulated cable
A conductor is any wire, bar or tube intended for conducting electric current.
Most of the conductors used today are made of either copper or aluminium, as
electricity flows through these materials more easily than it does through most others.
Silver is the best conductor known but copper and aluminium are much cheaper. The
following list shows how other conductors compare with silver.
 Diameters and cross-sectional areas of conductors
Where more than one strand are used to manufacture a conductor, these strands
should all have the same diameters.
The cross-sectional area of the conductor can be obtained by using the formula –
D2
x No. of strands, where D = diameter of the strand
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Conductors are stranded to increase their flexibility. The larger the cable cross-sectional
area, the more strands it will have.
All conductors of rated area exceeding 1,5 mm2
shall be stranded (Regulation of the
EBCS Wiring Code). The total area of the conductor is determined by the magnitude of
the current (amps) that it will be required to carry.
Acceptable conductor sizes for wiring circuits
The conductors that have been discussed in these notes are those that are used for
wiring domestic houses, shops and blocks of flats. Each municipality has its own by-
laws, but the following sizes are generally accepted for the wiring of the given circuits:
Bell circuits 1 mm2
Light circuits 1,5 mm2
Plug (socket outlet) circuit 2,5 mm2
Geyser circuits 4 mm2
Electric stove circuits 6 mm2
Distribution board wiring 10 mm2
Supply from meter to distribution Board 16 mm2

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4.2 INSULATORS
Definition
 An insulator is a material, which offers a very high resistance to the flow of
electric current.
 Insulators are used to prevent the flow of electric current where a potential
difference exist between two points, e.g. between two parallel conductors in an
electrical flex conductor of a reading lamp.
Properties
The higher the voltage at which a piece of equipment works, the more complex becomes the
problem of insulation.
In order to assess the usefulness of a material for the purpose of insulation it should be
examined with reference to the following factors:
 Electrical
The resistivity, electric strength, flash over value, permittivity and dielectric loss of
the material must be considered.
 Mechanical
The tensile, compressive, shear and impact strengths of the material as well as its
machinability must be considered.
 Physical
The effects of moisture and temperature on the insulation material must be
considered.
 Chemical
The possibility of chemicals and oils coming into contact with the insulating material,
and the effect they will have on it, must be taken into consideration.

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4.1.1 STRIPPING ELECTRICAL CONDUCTOR
I. PURPOSE: To strip the insulator of an electrical conductor
II. CONDITION/SITUATIONS
Given a 50 mm length of 2.5 mm2
solid wire, knife and diagonal side cutter plier. From
the tools and materials mentioned you are given a task to strip the insulator of an
electrical conductor.
III. EQUIPMENT TOOLS AND MATERIALS
a. TOOLS
 Knife
 Long nose Plier
 Diagonal Side Cutter Plier
 Electrician Plier
b. MATERIALS
 12 cm of 2.5 mm2
TWG wire, solid
IV. PROCEDURE:
Step 1. In preparing insulated conductors for making joints or splices, the insulation
must first be removed from each conductor a proper distance depending upon the type of joint
or splice to be made
Step 2
For smaller size of wires a wire stripper can beuse to remove the insulation
Step 3
use to
A stripping knife or electrician plier can be
remove insulation of bigger conductors.
NOTE: Don’t stretch the insulation when you are stripping
the conductors otherwise the stretched part will be thinner and give less insulation protection.

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The stripped conductor should look like this.
=
V. PRECAUTIONS
Don’t take too much force in twisting the wire.
VI. QUALITY CRITERIA
 Use appropriate tools
 The length of spliced wire
4.1.2 RATTAIL OR PIG TAIL SPLICE
I. PURPOSE: To make a Rat Tail or Pig Tail joint
solid wire, knife, long nose plier, diagonal
side cutter plier and electrician plier. From the tools and materials mentioned you
are given a task to make Rat Tail or Pig Tail splice.
III. EQUIMENT TOOLS AND MATERIALS
c. TOOLS
 Knife
 Long nose Plier
d. MATERIALS
 12 cm of 2.5 mm2
TWG wire, solid
IV. PROCEDURE:
Step 1. Remove at least 30 mm of insulation from the end of the conductor and clean
Step 2. Cross the pair of the conductors to be joined. Hold the conductors near the insulated by
long nose pliers for only types of pliers that will serve the purpose and twist them together from 6
to 8 twists using a lineman’s pliers.

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NOTE: The conductors should not be held tightly during
twisting, let the jaw of the lineman’s Pliers slips on the conductor while twisting.
Step 3. If the twists are completed. Holds the end of the joint tightly, and then make a final twist to
tighten the joint.

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Step 4. Cut off the excess wire
Your Rat Tail/Pig Tail should be like this
V. PRECAUTIONS
 Use solid or stranded TWG wire
 The length of spliced wire

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4.1.3 WESTERN UNION SHORT TIE
I. PURPOSE: To make a Western Union Short Tie
solid wire, knife, long nose plier, diagonal side cutter
plier and electrician plier. From the tools and materials mentioned you are given a task to
make Western Union Short Tie splice.
a. TOOLS
 Knife
 Long nose Plier
b. MATERIALS
 200 cm of 2.5 mm2
TWG wire, solid
IV. PROCEDURE:
Step 1: Remove at least 70 mm of insulation from the end of the two conductors and clean.
Note:
1. Before you go further, determine first the difference between twist and turn,
because the Bell Hanger’s joint employs twists and turns.
2. In making twist, each wire is wrapped around the other wire, whereas in making
turns, one remains straight, the other wire being wrapped straight, the other wire
being wrapped around the straight wire.

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Step 2. Cross the wires as shown in the picture
Step 3. Hold first wire using long nose pliers
.
Step 4. Turn one end of the wire using lineman;s pliers as shown in the figure.
Step 5. Make at least 5 turns.
Step 6. Do the same on the other side.
Step 7. Make sure that turns are tight.
This is the completed Bell Hanger’s Joint or Western Union short
tie joint.

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V. PRECAUTIONS
 Length of spliced wire

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4.1.4 PLAIN TAP JOINT
I. PURPOSE: To make a Plain Tap joint
solid wire, knife, long nose plier, diagonal side cutter
plier and electrician plier. From the tools and materials mentioned you are given a task to
make Plain Tapjoint.
a. TOOLS
 Knife
 Long nose Plier
b. MATERIALS
 200 cm of 2.5 mm2
TWG wire, solid
IV. PROCEDURES
Step 1. Remove about 30 mm of the insulation along the run wire and about 75 mm at the end of
the tap wire.
Step 2 Cross the wire about 7 mm from insulation and make a hook.
V. PRECAUTIONS
 Length of spliced wire

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4.2 Electrical Switches
1. Single Switch
2. Two way switch
Three-way switches are useful in large rooms,
hallways or staircases where a light can be
controlled from multiple positions. For instance, a
three-way switch can control a light in a stairwell
from both the top and bottom positions on the
stairs.
3. Three-way switch is part of a circuit involving an electrical fixture, be it a light or fan,
and two switches. The switch itself has three posts to connect wires. One is for the
electrical current and the other two are for control, or traveler wires. One wire provides
current to the fixture. The other wire works in conjunction with the second switch to
control whether the light can be turned on or off.
Figure 5 – Wiring diagram of two bulbs controlled by two three-way switches
The basic design of the three-way circuit is that one traveler wires connect to each switch
and the other traveler links to the fixture. Each switch must be grounded and only one

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switch needs a wire carrying a current. The second switch does not need a current and can
be tied off to the box.
4. 4-way switch
L1
Figure 7 - Schematic Diagram of one bulb controlled in 3 location

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4.3 ELECTRICAL PROTECTION DEVICES
1. Introduction
 It is assumed that a 220 V AC supply was used in the previous diagrams. Therefore,
some form of protection must be incorporated to protect persons, equipment, cables
and wires. Fuses and circuit breakers are used for this purpose.
2. Fuses
 Fuses  are used to disconnect a circuit when the current exceeds a certain
value
3. Circuit breaker
 Circuit breakers are used for disconnecting a load when the current exceeds a
certain value.

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PART V
5. Operation and Maintenance of Prison Facilities
5.1 Fluorescent Lamp
Fluorescent Lamp –is a form of electric discharge light source. It consists of a glass tube
containing mercury vapor at a low pressure and inert gas like argon and krypton. The interior is
coated with phosphor, which glows or fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light.
Ballast is an induction coil, which produces high voltage to start the lamp into operation. It
also limits the flow of current during the operation of the lamp. Ballast consumes power,
which is between 10-20% of power
Starter is a glow switch that opens and closes the circuit so as to produce a high voltage or
inductive kick across the bulb at the filament during the starting period
Repair and Assembling Open - type 20 watts
Fluorescent Lamp Tools, Materials Needed
Material:
 Fluorescent Lamp (20 watts) - 1 set
Tools:
 Philip Screw driver - 1 pc
 Flat Screw driver - 1 pc
 Side cutting pliers - 1 pc
 Long nose pliers - 1 pc
Personal Protective Equipment:
 Gloves - 1 pair
 Goggles - 1 pc

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Procedures:
1. Prepare the necessary tools, materials.
2. Wear appropriate PPE.
3. Check all the parts of the fluorescent fixture.
4. Assemble and wire a 20-w fluorescent fixture using Normal or Medium Power Factor ballast
(M.P.P)
Use bolt and nut in fixing the ballast to the frame
5. Mount the starter socket to the frame. Make sure it is attached securely.

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6. Mount the connection terminal socket to the frame. Make sure that it is fixed not too loose
or too tight.
7. Make the necessary connections of the fluorescent fixture by referring to the schematic
wiring diagram.
Schematic Diagram, Preheat Fluorescent Lamp.
1. Test the circuit for ground short or open wiring. If fault is found, repair it.
2. Perform housekeeping
Frequent Problems:
 Ballast damage
 Starter damage
Operation and Maintenance Tips
 Check all the parts of the fluorescent fixture.
 Assemble and wire a 20-w fluorescent fixture using Normal or Medium Power Factor
ballast
 Use bolt and nut in fixing the ballast to the frame
 Mount the starter socket to the frame.
 Make sure it is attached securely.
 Mount the connection terminal socket to the frame. Make sure that it is fixed not too
loose or too tight.
Tools and Materials. (Fluorescent Lamp, Philip Screw driver Flat Screw driver, Side cutting pliers,
Long nose pliers, Gloves, Goggles)

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5.2 Electrical outlet
An electrical outlet or receptacle is a socket that connects an electrical device to an electricity supply. In
buildings, electrical outlets are usually installed in the wall, although they can also be installed in the floor.
Occasionally, they are found in the ceiling for powering devices such as garage door openers or neon signs
in storefront windows. Different countries often have different outlet types and voltages. Adapters are
available to convert between the different types.
How to Replace an Electrical Outlet
Required Tools
- Small Flat Head Screwdriver
- Phillips Screwdriver
- Wire Cutters
- Non Contact Voltage Tester or a Multimeter
NOTE: Electricity is inherently dangerous. Do not attempt to work on a live (powered) circuit. Adult
supervision is recommended.
Step 1: Turn Off the Power to the Outlet
1. Locate the circuit breaker for the desired outlet.*
2. Switch the breaker to the OFF position
3. Place a piece of tape over the breaker switch to notify others that that breaker should not be switched
back on.
*Hint: If the breakers are unlabeled, try this:

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Plug a small, working lamp into the outlet you want to replace and turn the light on. Then turn off one
breaker. Check to see if the lamp turned off. If it did not, flip the breaker back on and then try another
breaker. Repeat this process until the appropriate breaker is found. Leave the correct breaker turned OFF.
Step 2: Ensure the Power Is OFF to the Outlet
Use a Non Contact Voltage Tester or a Multimeter (Pictured) to ensure that the power is OFF to the outlet.
Important: Check all of the plugs in the outlet you are working on and ensure none of them have power at
this point. If any of them are still live (Hot) find the additional breaker(s) and turn them off before continuing.
You never know what kind of crazy wiring could be going on inside the wall.
Step 3: Remove the Face Plate and Outlet

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1. Use the flat head screwdriver to remove the screw(s) that hold the face plate to the wall.
2. Use the appropriate screwdriver to unscrew the screws that hold the outlet to the box.
3. Gently pull the outlet out of the wall.
4. Note how the wires attached to the outlet.
Note: If the wire colors are not discernible, use tape and a marker to label them according to how they are
attached to the outlet.
5. Use the wire cutters to cut the wires free from the outlet.
Step 4: Install the New Outlet
1. Strip 1/2 inch (~1.5 cm) of insulation off the end of each wire.
2. Make a U shaped loop out of the stripped portion of each wire.
3. Loosen the White or Silver screw and loop the White wire clockwise around the shaft of the screw.
Tighten the screw to secure the wire between the screw head and the outlet being careful not to catch the
insulation between the screw and outlet.
4. Attach the Black Wire to the Brass screw in the same manner.
5. Attach the Green or bare Copper wire to the green screw in the same manner.
6. Firmly tug on each wire to ensure that they are secured to the outlet. Improperly installed or loose wires
can cause the outlet to arc or catch fire.
Step 5: Mount the New Outlet in the Wall.

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1. Gently push the outlet and the connected wires back into the box in the wall.
2. Attach the outlet using the two screws: one near the top and one near the bottom. Tighten the screws
until the face of the outlet is almost flush with the wall. It should stick out no more than 1/8 inch (1-2mm).
3. Re-install the Face Plate. Only tighten the screw until it is snug to prevent cracking the face plate.
Step 6: Turn on the Power
1. Remove the tape covering the flipped breaker.
2. Switch the breaker to the ON position.
3. To finish the process, use a Non-Contact Voltage tester or Multimeter to confirm that the outlet is working
correctly.

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5.3 Circuit Breaker
Electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be operated manually as well as
automatically for controlling and protection of electrical power system respectively. As the modern
power system deals with huge currents, the special attention should be given during designing of
circuit breaker to safe interruption of arc produced during the operation of circuit breaker. This was
the basic definition of circuit breaker.
How to Test if a Breaker Is Working
Circuit breakers are installed in breaker boxes.
Circuit breakers either stop or allow the flow of electricity to the circuit it is connected to, and in the
case of a short or problem with an appliance plugged into the circuit, the breaker will turn off
automatically to stop potential electrical shock. Each circuit breaker is installed in the home's
breaker box, and fits onto a metal strip called a bus bar. The breaker also has an on/off manual
switch, so that if the breaker has switched itself of, it can be turned back on by hand. Testing the
breaker requires the use of a circuit tester.

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Steps to Find a Bad Circuit Breaker
So, you're sitting there with friends watching your favorite show or sports game on the boob tube
when WHAM! The circuit controlling the television goes out. Again. If the same circuit breaker
keeps tripping repeatedly, chances are it's overloaded or gone bad, and it's time to find and
replace the culprit so you can find out who hooked up with whom--or which player threw the
winning pass--the next time you have your friends over for some quality TV time.
1. First Things First
o The first and most obvious step to take is to check the circuit breaker panel in your home
to see if one of the circuit breakers has tripped, or flipped. Make sure both your hands and
the floor in front of the breaker panel are dry. If you see bare wires or any signs of burning
(such as charred materials, smoke or sparks), do NOT touch the panel--call a professional
electrician immediately. However, if you don't find any signs of burning, open the panel
and try resetting any tripped circuit breakers you find.
What Can a Bad Breaker Do to Electricity?
Circuit breakers guard against shorts and power surges.
Circuit breakers are installed in a home's breaker box, with each breaker serving an individual
circuit. The breakers come in different sizes, rated in amps. Common amperage sizes are 15, 20
and 30 amps. When electrical current flows into the breaker box, it first travels through each
breaker before reaching the household circuits. If the circuit breakers are faulty, various dangers
may ensue.
Power Surge
o Circuit breakers are designed to automatically switch off if there is a fluctuation or surge in
the electrical supply. If more power enters the circuit than the gauge of the electrical wires
can hold, the cable will heat up and potentially cause a fire. This will ultimately break the
circuit, but not before an electrical fire has possibly endangered lives and property.
Short
o An electrical short is when the flow of electrical current in a circuit takes an unintended
route to ground, instead of traveling back through the neutral wire. This can happen when
a terminal screw loosens and the live wire touches the metal switch or outlet box. If a
person touches the box, the electricity takes the path of least resistance through the
person's body, giving him a shock. A circuit breaker is designed to switch off in this

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instance, but if it malfunctions, a person touching a shorted outlet or switch is potentially at
risk.
Overheated Circuit
o As each circuit breaker is rated with the maximum number of amps it will allow the circuit
to use at any one time, if it malfunctions more amps may be used than the gauge of the
electrical wire can handle. As with the power surge, the wire heats up and may cause a
fire. Ultimately the electricity will cease when the wire melts, but prior to this it could
endanger lives.
Shocks
o Circuit breakers are constructed to automatically switch off when a foreign object touches
a live wire. If the breaker is faulty, the wire will remain live, causing an electric shock to
anyone touching the wire or a metal implement like a knife that is touching the wire.

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How to Determine If Circuit Breaker Is Bad?
Testing for faulty circuit breakers is a relatively simple task.
Like all electrical and mechanical components, circuit breakers do sometimes go bad. Circuit
breakers are found in your home's electrical panel box. These breakers help to safely regulate the
flow of electricity throughout the circuits of your home. A malfunctioning circuit breaker should be
replaced immediately to avoid serious damage or fire. Knowing how to test a circuit breaker can
save you some major electrician fees. This can be done easily with a little time and the right
equipment.
Procedures
1.Ensure that you are wearing rubber-soled shoes or standing on a rubber mat.
2.Remove the cover on your electrical service panel using a screwdriver.
3.Touch one of the tester's terminal probes to the ground bar inside the service panel. The
ground bar holds all of the green ground wires inside the service panel.
4.Touch the other tester's terminal probe to the terminal screw on the breaker. The terminal
screw clamps the hot wire to the breaker.
5.Visually examine your tester to see if it lights up. No light means there is no power and the
breaker is faulty.
6.Replace the faulty breaker as needed.

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How to Replace a Circuit Breaker
Replace a Circuit Breaker
Circuit breakers are designed to interrupt the power to a circuit and protect your wiring. If your
circuit breaker keeps tripping, the steps below will show you the right--and safe--way to fix it.
Instructions
A. Determine Whether You Have a Problem
1. Plug a radio into an outlet on the circuit you're dealing with. Make sure that the
volume is turned up so you can hear it when it comes on.
2. Find your panel box. It's usually in the basement or utility room.
3. Turn off the main power, if possible. Most panel boxes have a main on/off switch.
4. Press the tripped breaker toward "off" to reset it, then to "on." If it trips immediately,
you either have a bad breaker or a short somewhere in the circuit.
1. Replace the Circuit Breaker
a. Purchase a new circuit breaker from a hardware store/electrical supply.
b. Take the panel cover off the panel box by unscrewing the face plate.
c. Notice the two wires feeding into the side of the breaker. Remember which one is
in which position.
d. Loosen the screw holding the white wire first just enough to get the wire out.
e. Put a wire nut on the end of the white wire and bend it out of the way.
f. Loosen the other screw and do the same thing with the colored wire.
g. Pull the old circuit breaker out and snap a new one into place.
h. Replace the wires in the same positions as they were on the old breaker - colored
one first, white one second.
i. Tighten the screws holding the wires.
j. Replace the face plate.
k. Turn the power to the panel on, if necessary.
l. Turn the breaker on. You should hear your radio. If it trips, call an electrician
since you most likely have a potentially dangerous short circuit.

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Frequent Problem:
 Loose connection
 Worn out
 Keep spare circuit breaker on stock all the times
 Take the panel cover off the panel box by unscrewing the face plate.
 Notice the two wires feeding into the side of the breaker. Remember which one is in
which position.
 Loosen the screw holding the white wire first just enough to get the wire out.
 Put a wire nut on the end of the white wire and bend it out of the way.
 Loosen the other screw and do the same thing with the colored wire.
 Pull the old circuit breaker out and snap a new one into place.
 Replace the wires in the same positions as they were on the old breaker - colored
one first, white one second.
 Tighten the screws holding the wires.
 Replace the face plate.
 Turn the breaker on. You should hear your radio. If it trips, call an electrician since
you most likely have a potentially dangerous short circuit.
Tools and Materials:(Spare Circuit Breaker, Philip Screw driver Flat Screw driver, Side cutting
pliers, Long nose pliers, Gloves, Goggles)

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5.4 Electric Mitad
Frequent Problems
 Broken gypsum and clay
 Switch problem, breaker problem,
 burn out resistor, problem in electrical system
 Feel the electric mitad for excessive heat. Since electric mitads are not equipped with
temperature regulator.
 Check the overall electrical system for any loose or open circuits
 Switch of electricity from the main breaker
 Properly dismantle the mitad by using flat screw
 Remove the resister from clay
 Measure the circular grove in the clay by using rope
 Replace the same size of new resister in to the grove
 Cover the exposed resister carefully with gypsum
 Replace back the mitad on the top of the
Tools and Materials
(Philip Screw driver Flat Screw driver, Side cutting pliers, Long nose pliers, Gloves, Goggles
gypsum ,clay, resistor, rope)

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5.6 Electrical/Electro-mechanical Appliances
Surface Mounted Pump
Pumps which are installed on the surface of the earth to pump water from reservoir to the required
elevated water tank
Frequent
Problems:
 Little or no water delivered on starting
 Loss of delivery after successful pumping
 Excessive power absorbed
 Prime the pump before starting
 Never turn the pump dry
 Because ,sometimes foot valves are not water tight so after a period of shutdown a pump
may need to be primed
 Close the valve when starting and open it slowly.
Flour Mill
Frequent Problems:
 Broken belt, melting of winding, damage of electric motor
 scheduled routine inspection and service of the flour mill
 Wipe, brush, vacuum or blow accumulated dirt from the frame and air passages of the
motor.
 Feel for air being discharged from the cooling airports of the motor of the flour mill
 If the flow is weak or unsteady, internal air passages are probably clogged. Remove the
motor from the mill and clean.
 Check for signs of corrosion. Serious corrosion may indicate internal deterioration and/or a
need for external repainting.
 Schedule the removal of the motor from service for complete inspection and possible
rebuilding
 Lubricate the bearings only when scheduled or if they are noisy or running hot.
 Feel the motor frame and bearings for excessive heat or vibration. Listen for abnormal
noise. All indicate a possible system failure. Promptly identify and eliminate the source of
the heat, noise or vibration.
 When records indicate a tendency toward periodic winding failures in the application, check
the condition of the insulation with an insulation resistance test.

Diesel Generator
Frequent Problems
 Engine not starting
Battery, Starter Motor, Alternator, Pump
 Check battery, tighten connections
 Check water levels in the battery cells, use only distilled water to refill the
cells
 Check starter motor and alternator, starter problems cause
difficulty in starting the generator and alternator problem causes
difficulty in charging the battery
 If unit runs out of fuel ordoesn’t want to start, try pressing the pump plunger
anumber of
times to prime
thefuel system.
Engine oil and
Filters
 Change engine oil, oil filter and fuel filters according to the
interval indicated in manufacturer’s manual. Use only the oil
recommended for the generator
 After changing the fuel filter, prime the fuel system by using the priming
pump

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 Dry blow the air filter regularly, if used in dusty areas. Replace air filter every
year.
Cooling System
 Check the radiator for any leakage
 Remove the lid of the radiator to check the level of coolant inside, Top up
 Clean the radiator with water jet every year
Tools and Materials
(Wrenches, filter wrench, different size sockets, screw driver,
multi-meter, dip stick, hammer)
Definitions of Electrical Terms You Should Know
Alex M March 17, 2016ElectricalLeave a comment19,856 Views
As you progress in the electrical trade you’ll hear a bunch of electrical terms being tossed
around like their common knowledge. It takes years to get firm understanding of what they
all mean.
Fortunately for you I’ve grouped them together to help you become a better
electrician. Below you’ll find over XX definitions of electrical terms.
If it’s slang terms you’re looking for, than look no further: American Job Site Slang

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Electrical Terms For Circuits
AC (Alternating Current) — An electric current that reverses its direction many times a
second at regular intervals.
DC (Direct Current) — An electric current that flows in only one direction.
Feeder – All circuit conductors between the service equipment, the source of a separately
derived system, or other power supply source and the final branch-circuit overcurrent device.
Fuse — A circuit interrupting device consisting of a strip of wire that melts and breaks an
electric circuit if the current exceeds a safe level. To restore service, the fuse must be
replaced using a similar fuse with the same size and rating after correcting the cause of
failure.
Ground or Earth — The reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are
measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the
Earth.
Ground Fault – An unintentional, electrically conductive connection between an
ungrounded conductor of an electrical circuit and the normally non–current-carrying
conductors, metallic enclosures, metallic raceways, metallic equipment, or earth.
GroundedConductor – A system or circuit conductor that is intentionally grounded.
Grounded (Grounding) – Connected (connecting) to ground or to a conductive body that
extends the ground connection.

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Ground-Fault Current Path – An electrically conductive path from the point of a ground
fault on a wiring system through normally non–current-carrying conductors, equipment, or
the earth to the electrical supply source.
Load — Anything which consumes electrical energy, such as lights, transformers, heaters
and electric motors.
Neutral Conductor – The conductor connected to the neutral point of a system that is
intended to carry current under normal conditions.
Overload– Operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating, or of a conductor in
excess of rated ampacity that, when it persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause
damage or dangerous overheating. A fault, such as a short circuit or ground fault, is not an
overload.
Parallel Circuit — A circuit in which there are multiple paths for electricity to flow. Each
load connected in a separate path receives the full circuit voltage, and the total circuit current
is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents.Rectifier — An electrical device that
converts an alternating current into a direct one by allowing a current to flow through it in
one direction only.
Series Circuit — A circuit in which there is only one path for electricity to flow. All of the
current in the circuit must flow through all of the loads completing its path to the source of
supply.
Series Parallel Circuit — An electric current containing groups of parallel connected
receptive devices, the groups being arranged in the circuit in series; a series multiple circuit.
Short Circuit — A fault in an electric circuit or apparatus due usually to imperfect
insulation, such that the current follows a by-path and inflicts damage or is wasted.

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Electrical Terms for Components
Ammeter — Measures the current flow in amperes in a circuit. An ammeter is connected in
series in the circuit (unless using a clamp-on ammeter)
AFCI (Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter) – An arc fault circuit interrupter is a special type of
receptacle or circuit breaker that opens the circuit when it detects a dangerous electrical
arc. It’s used to prevent electrical fires.
Capacitor – A passive two-terminal electrical component used to store electrical energy
temporarily in an electric field.
Circuit — A closed path in which electrons from a voltage or current source flow. Circuits
can be in series, parallel, or in any combination of the two.
Circuit Breaker — An automatic device for stopping the flow of current in an electric
circuit. To restore service, the circuit breaker must be reset (closed) after correcting the cause
of the overload or failure.
Conductor — Any material where electric current can flow freely. Conductive materials,
such as metals, have a relatively low resistance. Copper and aluminum wire are the most
common conductors used in the electrical trade.
DMM (Digital Multimeter)– A DMM is an electronic measurement tool that can measure
voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, temperature, frequency

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Diode — A semiconductor device with two terminals, typically allowing the flow of current
in one direction only.
Generator – A device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy for use in an
external circuit. The source of mechanical energy may vary widely from a hand crank to an
internal combustion engine. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power
grids.
GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters) — A device intended for the protection of
personnel that functions to de-energize a circuit or portion thereof within an established
period of time when a current to ground exceeds some predetermined value that is less than
that required to operate the overcurrent protective device of the supply circuit.
Inverter — An apparatus that converts direct current into alternating current.
Insulator — Any material where electric current does not flow freely. Insulating materials,
such as glass, rubber, air, and many plastics have a relatively high resistance. Insulators
protect equipment and life from electric shock.
Service — The conductors and equipment used to deliver energy from the electrical supply
system to the system being served.
Service Lateral – The underground service conductors between the street main – including
risers – and the first point of connection to the service-entrance conductors in a terminal box,
meter, or other enclosure.
Semiconductor — A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and
that of most metals, either due to the addition of an impurity or because of temperature
effects. Devices made of semiconductors, notably silicon, are essential components of most
electronic circuits.
SCR (Solid State Relay) – An electronic switching device that switches on or off when a
small external voltage is applied across its control terminals. The switching action happens
extremely fast.
Solenoid and how it
works.

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Solenoid — A spiral of conducting wire, would so that when an electric current passes
through it, its turns are nearly equivalent to a succession of parallel circuits, and it acquires
magnetic properties similar to those of a bar magnet.
Switch — A device for making, breaking, or changing the connections in an electric current.
Switchgear – The combination of electrical disconnect switches, fuses or circuit breakers
used to control, protect and isolate electrical equipment. Switchgear is used both to de-
energize equipment to allow work to be done and to clear faults downstream.
Transistor — A semiconductor device with three connections, capable of amplification in
addition to rectification.
Electrical Terms for Mathematical Calculations
Apparent Power — Measured in volt-ampers (VA). Apparent power is the product of the
rms voltage and the rms current.
Ampere (A) — A unit of measure for the intensity of an electric current flowing in a
circuit. One ampere is equal to a current flow of one coulomb per second.
Capacitance — The ability of a body to store an electrical charge. Measured in farads as the
ratio of the electric charge of the object (Q, measured in coulombs) to the voltage across the
object (V, measured in volts).

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Current (I) — The flow of an electric charge through a conductor. An electric current can be
compared to the flow of water in a pipe. Measured in amperes.
Demand — The average value of power or related quantity over a specified period of time.
Farad — A unit of measure for capacitance. One farad is equal to one coulomb per volt.
Frequency — The number of cycles per second. Measured in Hertz. If a current completes
one cycle per second, then the frequency is 1 Hz; 60 cycles per second equals 60 Hz.
Henry — A unit of measure for inductance. If the rate of change of current in a circuit is one
ampere per second and the resulting electromotive force is one volt, then the inductance of
the circuit is one henry.
Hertz — A unit of measure for frequency.Replacing the earlier term of cycle per second
(cps).
Impedance (Z) – The effective resistance of an electric circuit or component to alternating
current (AC), rising from the combined effects of ohmic resistance and reactance.
Inductance (H) — The property of a conductor by which a change in current flowing
through it induces (creates) a voltage (electromotive force) in both the conductor itself (self-
inductance) and in any nearby conductors (mutual inductance). Measured in henry (H).
Kilowatt-hour (kWh) — The product of power in kW and time in hours. Equal to 1000
Watt-hours. For example, if a 100W light bulb is used for 4 hours, 0.4kWhs of energy will be
used (100W x 1kW / 1000 Watts x 4 hours). Electrical energy is sold in units of kWh.
Kilowatt-hour Meter — A device used to measure electrical energy use.
Kilowatt (kW) — Equal to 1000 watts.
Ohm — (Ω) A unit of measure of resistance. One ohm is equivilant to the resistance in a
circuit transmitting a current of one ampere when subjected to a potential difference of one
volt.
Ohm’s Law — The mathematical equation that explains the relationship between current,
voltage, and resistance (V=IR).
Power — The rate at which electrical energy is transferred by an electric circuit. Measured in
Watts.
Reactive Power — The portion of electricity that establishes and sustains the electric and
magnetic fields of AC equipment. Exists in an AC circuit when the current and voltage are
not in phase.Measured in VARS.
Resistance (Ω Ohms) — The opposition to the passage of an electric current. Electrical
resistance can be compared to the friction experienced by water when flowing through a pipe.
Measured in ohms.

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True Power — Measured in Watts. The power manifested in tangible form such as
electromagnetic radiation, acoustic waves, or mechanical phenomena. In a direct current
(DC) circuit, or in an alternating current (AC) circuit whose impedance is a pure resistance,
the voltage and current are in phase.
VARS — A unit of measure of reactive power.Vars may be considered as either the
imaginary part of apparent power, or the power flowing into a reactive load, where voltage
and current are specified in volts and amperes.
Volt-Ampere (VA) — A unit of measure of apparent power. It is the product of the rms
voltage and the rms current.
Volt (V) — A unit measure of voltage. One volt is equal to the difference of potential that
would drive one ampere of current against one ohm resistance.
Voltage (E) — An electromotive force or “pressure” that causes electrons to flow and can be
compared to water pressure which causes water to flow in a pipe. Measured in volts.
Watt-hour (Wh) — A unit of electrical energy equivalent to a power consumption of one
watt for one hour.
Watt (W) — A unit of electrical power. One watt is equivalent to one joule per second,
corresponding to the power in an electric circuit in which the potential difference is one volt
and the current one ampere.
Electrical Terms For Conduit Bending

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Hand Bender – A tool used for bending EMT (electrical metal tubing), IMC (intermediate
metal conduit), and RMC (rigid metal conduit).HAnd benders come in sizes: 1/2″, 3/4″, 1″,
and 1-1/4″
Four Bend Saddle – Four bends in a piece of conduit that clears and obstacle by saddling it.
Offset – A bend in conduit to clear an obstacle. Typically only two bends.
Three Bend Saddle – Three bends in a piece of conduit – one in the center and two side
bends that clear an obstacle by “saddling” it.
Gain – The difference between the sum of the straight distances and the actual length of
conduit (how much the conduit will grow after being bent).
Shrink – The amount the conduit will “shrink” because of bending around an obstruction –
picture an inch worm and how it shrinks when it moves. Shrink is added to the over all
distance to the obstruction to compensate before bending.
Multiplier – Used to calculate the distance between bends using “multiplier X offset”
Random Electrical Terms That You Should Be Familiar With
Arc Flash – An arc flash is light and heat and is a type of electrical explosion or discharge
that results from a low-impedance connection through air to ground or another voltage phase
in an electrical system. Arc flash temperatures can reach or exceed 35,000 °F
Arc Blast – The intense heat from an arc causes sudden expansion of air resulting in a blast.
Copper expands during an arc flash event at a factor of 67000 times within a few
milliseconds.
Calorie — The French heat unit. Used to measure energy levels for Arc Flash boundaries and
proper PPE when working on energized electrical equipment.
CE (Construction Electrician) – Construction electricians can perform those basic tasks with
little or no supervision, though they can’t act as a foreman or supervise other workers.
UNIT OF COMPETENCE CHART
Occupational Standard: Installation Construction Works
Occupational Code: CON ICW
NTQF Level I

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Occupational Standard: Installation Construction Work Level I
Unit Title Carry-Out Measurements and Simple Calculations
Unit Code CON ICW1 01 0910
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on identifying and
measuring objects based on the required performance standards.
Elements Performance Criteria
CON ICW1 02 0910
Use Construction Hand and
Power Tools
CON ICW1 01 0910
Carry-Out Measurements
and Simple Calculations
CON ICW1 03 0910
Read and Interpret Plans
and Working Drawings
CON ICW1 05 0910
Prepare Surfaces for
Construction Works
CON ICW1 06 0910
Set out /Level Vertical and
Horizontal Angles
CON ICW1 04 0910
Perform Bench Work
CON ICW1 07 0910
Perform Roughing-In
Activities for Communication
and Distribution Systems
CON ICW1 09 0910
Install Communication
Cables
CON ICW1 08 0910
Install Wiring Systems Using
PVC and Flexible conduits
CON ICW1 12 0910
Apply Quality Standards
CON ICW1 11 0910
Provide Water Drainage
CON ICW1 10 0910
Install, Service and maintain
Water Supply System and
Components
CON ICW1 15 0910
Demonstrate Work Values
CON ICW1 14 0910
Receive & Respond to
Workplace Communication
CON ICW1 13 0910
Work with Others
CON ICW1 16 0910
Develop Understanding of
Entrepreneurship

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1. Select measuring
instruments
1.1 Object or component to be measured is identified, classified and
interpreted according to the appropriate regular geometric shape
1.2 Measuring tools are selected/identified as per object to be measured or
job requirements
1.3 Correct specifications are obtained from relevant sources
1.4 Appropriate measuring instruments are selected according to job
requirements
1.5 Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality
of work
2. Carry out
measurements
and calculations
2.1 Accurate measurements and calculation are obtained according to
job requirements
2.2 Alternative measuring tools are used without sacrificing cost and quality
of work
2.3 Calculation needed to complete work tasks are performed using the
four basic process of addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (x) and
division (/) including but not limited to: trigonometric functions, algebraic
computations
2.4 Calculations involving fractions, percentages and mixed numbers are
used to complete workplace tasks
2.5 Numerical computation is self-checked and corrected for accuracy
2.6 Instruments are read to the limit of accuracy of the tool
2.7 Systems of measurement identified and converted according to job
requirements/ISO
2.8 Work pieces are measured according to job requirements
Variable Range
Geometric shape Including but is not limited to:
 Round
 Square
 Rectangular
 Triangle
 Sphere
 Conical
Measuring
instruments
Including but not limited to:
 Vernier caliper (out, inside)
 Straight edge
 Thickness gauge
 Try-square
 Protractor
 Combination gauge
 Steel rule
 Measuring tape
 Sprit level

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Measurements and
calculations
 Linear
 Volume
 Area
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of
Competence
Assessment requires evidence that the candidate:
 Selected and prepared appropriate measuring instruments in
accordance with job requirements
 Performed measurements and calculations according to job
requirements
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
Demonstrates knowledge of:
 Trade mathematics / Mensuration
 Four fundamental operation
 Linear measurement
 Dimensions
 Unit conversion
 Ratio and proportion
 Trigonometric functions
 Algebraic equations
 Tolerances
Underpinning Skills Demonstrates skills to:
 Performing measurements
 Performing calculation by addition, subtraction, multiplication and
division; trigonometric functions and algebraic equations
 Visualizing objects and shapes
 Interpreting formulas for volume, areas, perimeters of plane and
geometric figures
 Proper handling of measuring instruments
Resource
Implications
The following resources should be provided:
 Workplace location
 Problems to solve
 Measuring instrument appropriate to carry out tasks
 Instructional materials relevant to the propose activity
Methods of
Assessment
Competency should be assessed through:
 Interview/Written Test
 Demonstration/Observation with Oral Questioning
Context of
Assessment
Competency assessment may occur in workplace or any appropriate
simulated environment

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Unit Title Use Construction Hand and Power Tools
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the competency required to use hand and
power tools in construction work applications
1. Identify hand and
power tools
1.1 OH&S requirements associated with the use of construction hand and
power tools, and the workplace environment, are adhered to throughout
the work
1.2 Quality assurance requirements for company operations are identified
and adhered to
1.3 Types of hand and power tools and their functions are identified
1.4 Power source(s), and access to power supply is recognized
2. Select
appropriate hand
tools
2.1 Hand tools are selected consistent with the needs of the job
2.2 Hand tools are checked for serviceability and safety and any faults
reported to supervisor in accordance with workplace requirements
2.3 Equipment is selected to hold, position or support material for hand
tools application
3. Use appropriate
hand tools
3.1 Material is located and held in position for hand tool application
3.2 Hand tools are safely and effectively used according to their intended
use
3.3 Hand tools are safely located when not in immediate use
4. Select
appropriate
power tools
4.1 Appropriate personal protective equipment is selected, correctly fitted
and used
4.2 Power tools are selected consistent with the needs of the job in
accordance with conventional work practice
4.3 Power tools are visually checked for tags, serviceability/safety in
accordance with OH&S requirements and any faults reported to
supervisor in accordance with enterprise procedures
4.4 Equipment is selected to hold, position or support materials for power
tool application
5. Use appropriate
power tools
5.1 Material is located and held in position for power tool application
5.2 Power tools are safely and effectively used in application processes
5.3 Power tools are safely switched and located when not in use
6. Clean up work
area and tools
6.1 Work area is cleared in accordance with workplace procedures
6.2 Tools and equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored in
accordance with manufacturers' recommendations and workplace
procedures
6.3 Documentation is completed in accordance with workplace

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requirements
Variable Range
O H & S  OH&S requirements are to be in accordance with Federal/regional
legislation and regulations and may include protective clothing and
equipment, use of tools and equipment, workplace environment and
safety, handling of materials, use of fire fighting equipment, use of
first aid equipment, hazard control and hazardous materials and
substances
 Personal protective equipment is to include that prescribed under
legislation, regulation and workplace policies and practices
Hand tools May include but not limited to:
 hacksaw
 pipe cutters
 cutting snips
 screwdrivers
 pipe wrenches
 tube flaring tools
 battery operated and manual drills
 pipe bender
 files and rasps
 spirit levels
 try squares
 ladders
 silicon gun and pipe dies
 Various types of brushes, sprayers, rollers, scraper and rasckets
 circular saw
 hammer
 brushing
 punches
 scrapers
 chisels
 sockets
 wrenches
 Gouges
 Boring tools - auger, brace, grin let, hand drill
 Holding tools - vise grip, C-clamp, bench vice
 Threading tools - die and stock, taps
Power tools May include but not limited to:
 electric drills
 power saw
 cutter
 grinder
 electric nibbler
 electric dies (up to 100mm)
 PE and PPR welding machine
 compressed air and hydraulic tools and equipment
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of
Competence
 Demonstrated compliance with Occupational Health and Safety
regulations applicable to work place operations
 Adopted and carried out correct procedures prior to, during and after

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use of hand and power tools
 Followed work instructions, operating procedures and inspection
practices to use the listed construction hand and power tools for their
appropriate application ensuring:
o there is no damage to materials, tools or equipment
o all work is completed to specification
o compliance with regulations, standards and organizational
quality procedures and processes
o Communicate and work effectively and safely with others
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
Demonstrate knowledge of:
 workplace safety requirements and OH&S legislation
 function and purpose of hand and power tools used in construction
applications
Underpinning
Skills
Demonstrates skills to:
 Select appropriate hand tools and power tools for the specific job
 Use of appropriate hand tools and power tools
 Clean and store hand tools and power tools
Resource
Implications
The following resources must be provided:
 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
 Appropriate Tools & equipment
 Materials relevant to the activity
Methods of
Assessment
Context of
Assessment
Competency assessment may occur in workplace or any appropriate simulated
environment

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Unit Title Read and Interpret Plans and Working Drawing
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the outcomes required to read and interpret plans and
specifications in order to perform the work as per the drawings.
1. Identify types of
drawings and
their purposes.
1.1 The purpose and advantage of different types of drawing are identified.
1.2 Different aspects of drawings are identified.
2. Apply commonly
used symbols
and
abbreviations.
2.1 Commonly used symbols and abbreviations on drawings are identified,
understood and applied.
2.2 Common building and construction terms used on drawings are
identified, understood and applied.
3. Locate and
identify key
features on a site
plan.
3.1 The building site is identified from location drawings.
3.2 True north and building orientation are identified from details provided
on the site plan. The key features of the site plan are identified.
4. Identify and
locate key
features on
drawings.
4.1 The key features of plans, elevations and sections are identified.
4.2 Client requested variations to standard plans are identified on drawings.
5. Correctly read
and interpret
specifications.
5.1 Customer variations to standard specifications are identified.
5.2 Correct interpretations of essential elements are applied to estimation,
planning and supervisory tasks and communicated.
5.3 Building codes or standards affecting the work to be undertaken are
identified, including references to Ethiopian standards and the Building
Code of Ethiopia.
Variable Range
Types of drawing  sketch plans
 working drawings
 presentation drawings
 CAD drawings
 initial sketches
 preliminary and final drawings and plans however produced

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 detailed amendment drawings
 construction information
 service details such as wiring, piping, ducts and waste disposal
 details of roads, pathways, parking areas, boundaries and
landscaping
Aspects of drawings  plans
 elevations
 sections
 views in isometric projection and perspective
Key features of the
site plan
 location and situation
 access and egress
 contours and slopes
 existing dwellings, buildings or other structures
 retaining walls
 drainage lines
 paving
 set backs
 service connection points
 easements
 storm water disposal
 trees and vegetation
Specifications  materials lists
 schedules of quantities
 performance data and material technical data
 levels and survey information
 stress, load and bearing calculations
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of
Competence
 read and interpreted plans and specifications, including identification
of key features, levels, contours, sections, service entry points, site
features to be removed or retained and other details pertinent to the
construction process
 identified the characteristics and features of sites and structures
pertinent to a construction project, including:
 the correct orientation of structures on site
 establishing the location of key on-site features in relation to
building or other structures
 identifying and incorporating customer variations to agreed plans
and specifications
 effectively communicating changes to specifications to
organizational personnel and confirming variations with the client

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Underpinning
knowledge and
Attitudes
 building and construction practices
 internal documentation systems
 regulatory approvals processes and timeframes
 relevant federal/regional building construction codes, standards and
regulations
 types of building construction drawings and drawing perspectives
Underpinning
Skills
Demonstrates skills to:
 communication skills to interact effectively by telephone, facsimile,
email and in writing with clients, organizational personnel and
appropriate local authorities
 translation of documented requirements into on-site activities and site
and structural features from two dimensional to three dimensional
formats
Resource
Implications
 Workplace: Real or simulated work area
 Appropriate site plan and working drawing
 Manuals and drawing to the specific job
Methods of
Assessment
Context of
Assessment
Competency assessment may occur in workplace or any
appropriate simulated environment

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Unit Title Perform Benchwork
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the required knowledge, skills and attitude to perform basic
benchwork operations (i.e. layout; cutting, threading; bending; reaming; etc…)
and check the components for conformance to specifications.
1. Layout and mark
dimensions/
features on work
piece
1.1 Materials are selected according to the requirements specified in the
drawing.
1.2 Dimensions/features are laid out and marked in accordance with
drawing specifications using benchwork tools and equipment.
1.3 Lay outing and marking are performed applying knowledge
on safety procedures and using personal protective
devices.
2. Perform
necessary
operation
2.1. Pipes are cut, reamed and threaded within tolerance
specified in the drawing.
2.2. Pipe cutter are used properly to avoid damage and
accident
2.3. Rectangular or round blocks are cut, chipped or filed within
tolerance specified in the drawing.
2.4. Broken or dull hacksaw blades are replaced according to
requirements.
2.5. Benchwork operations are performed applying
knowledge on safety procedures and using personal
protective devices.
3. Drill and lap holes 3.1 Hole is drilled, reamed, spot-faced and lapped to drawing
specification.
3.2 Drilling, reaming or lapping holes are performed according
to recommended sequence.
3.3 Operations are performed applying knowledge on safety
procedures and using personal protective devices.
4. Bend PVC/ Metal
Conduit
3.1. Type of conduit is selected according to requirement
specified in the drawing
3.2. Uniform radius of angles are performed with tolerable
material condition
3.3. Vertical and horizontal positioning of conduit on 90 degree
bending is performed according to given tolerance
3.4. Conduit bending is performed applying knowledge on 5’S,
safety procedure and the use of PPE

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3.5. Operations are performed applying knowledge on safety
procedures and using personal protective devices.
5. Off –set
PVC/Metal
conduit
4.1. Materials are selected according to requirement specified in the
drawing
4.2. Conduit off-setting is performed within tolerable material condition
applying knowledge on 5’S, safety procedure and the use of PPE
4.3. Uniform off-set is performed according to requirement specified in the
drawing
6. Splice wires and
joining
5.1 Splicing and joining is performed according to the type of conductors
specified in the drawing
5.2 Correct splicing, joining is performed according to industry standard
5.3 Wire splicing and joining is performed without damage on the wire ,
applying knowledge on 5’S, safety procedure and use of PPE
V
a
r
i
a
b
l
e
Range
Materials Materials used in bench work operations include
 PVC conduit and accessories
 Metal conduit and accessories
Bench work tools and
Equipment
May include but not limited to:
 Pipe vise/clamp
 Reamer
 Meter tape
 Layout and marking tools
 Cutting tools (hacksaw, pipe cutter)
 Drills, reamers,
 Pipe threaded
 Hydraulic/manual pipe bender
 Heat gun
5’ S  Sort
 Stabilize
 Shine
 Standardize
 Sustain
Evidence Guide
Critical aspects of
Competency
 Laid-out and marked dimensions according to given drawing
 Bending is performed properly and without damage to PVC/metal

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conduit
 Angle is formed according to dimensions required in the drawing
 Pipes are threaded without damage to conduits
 Wires are spliced and jointed according to industry standard
 5’ S is observed in the workplace
Underpinning
knowledge and
attitude
Demonstrate knowledge of:
 Shop safety practices
 Safe working habits
 Identification of hazardous areas
 Protective clothing and devices
 Proper and safe handling of tools, equipment and materials
 Housekeeping
 First-aid
 Fire extinguishers
 Drawing/Plans
 Standard drawing symbols
 Schematic diagram
 Orthographic and isometric drawings
 Project drawing
 Shop mathematics
 Linear Measurement
 Basic arithmetic operations
 Fractions and decimals
 Percentages and ratios
 Conversion of units (English to metric)
 Trigonometric functions
 Geometric Tolerances
 Measurements
 Materials
 Properties and specifications of construction materials
 Bench work
 Tools and Equipment
 Lay-outing and marking tools
 Bench work tools and equipment
 Layout and marking tools
 Sawing, cutting, reaming operations
 Pipe threading
 Bending/angle forming
Underpinning
Skills
Demonstrate skills in:
 Performing bench work operations
 Using bench work tools
 Using measuring instruments
 Using operating manual and hydraulic equipment

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Resource
Implications
 Materials, tools, equipment and facilities appropriate to proposed activity
 Materials relevant to the proposed activity
 Drawings, sketches or blueprint
Method of
Assessment
Competency should be accessed through:
Context of
Assessment
Underpinning
Skills
Demonstrate skills in:
 Using bench work tools and equipment
 Using measuring instruments
 Operating drill press and grinders
Resource
Implications
 Tools, equipment and facilities appropriate to processes or activity
 Materials relevant to the proposed activity
 Drawings, sketches or blueprint
Methods of
Assessment
Competency should be accessed through:
Context of
Assessment

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Unit Title Prepare Surfaces for Construction Works
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the required knowledge, skill and attitude to work effectively
to prepare surface for masonry, concrete, tilling and plastering works.
1. Plan and
prepare
1.1 Work instructions, including plans, specifications, quality requirements
and operational details are obtained, confirmed and applied
1.2 Occupational Health & Safety (OH&S) are followed in accordance
with safety plans and policies
1.3 Signage/barricade requirements are identified and implemented
1.4 Plant, tools and equipment selected to carry out tasks are
consistent with the requirements of the job, checked for serviceability
and any faults are rectified or reported prior to commencement
1.5 Material quantity requirements are calculated in accordance with
plans and/or specifications
1.6 Materials appropriate to the work application are identified, obtained,
prepared, safely handled and located ready for use
1.7 Environmental protection requirements are identified for the project in
accordance with environmental plans and regulatory obligations and
applied
2. Prepare
materials for
tiling application
2.1 Floor and wall tiling materials are checked for product suitability,
conformity to specification and compatibility with surface material,
preparation and installation technique
2.2 Activities for material preparation are identified from specifications,
manufacturers’ or supervisor’s instructions
2.3 Material preparation is carried out to satisfy the requirements of the
application process
3. Prepare surface 3.1 Preparation requirements are identified from site inspection and
plans/specifications
3.2 Hazards, obstructions and attachments are removed, or
arrangements made for their removal
3.3 Surface preparation tools are selected and set up in accordance with
surface condition and job requirements
3.4 Tools are used to prepare surface in accordance with manufacturers’
specifications and job requirements
3.5 All loose or protruding material is removed by sander/grinder and
brush so that surface is prepared to specification
4. Prepare
underlay and
sheeting
substrate
4.1 Assistance with underlay preparation is provided under instructions
and supervision
4.2 Substrate surface is finished to approved surface standards with
joints flush and sealed

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4.3 underlay and sheeting substrate are prepared
5. Prepare render
substrate
surface
5.1 Surface mounted construction units and attachments are safely
detached, removed or arranged for removal from area and stored
5.2 Substrate structure is identified and surfaces are cleaned to remove
all contaminants and loose material in accordance with supervisor’s
instructions
5.3 Materials for splash coat are proportioned and mixed to instructions
ready for application to wet surface
5.4 Horizontal/vertical surrounds are prepared for tiling process in
accordance with type of tile and specified finish
5.5 Materials for render coat are proportioned and mixed to instructions
ready for application
5.6 Surface is scratched, rendered, cured and dried to instructions in
accordance with specifications for tile application
6. Patch and fill
holes and
depressions
6.1 Patching method of hole is determined from type of material surface,
size of hole, compatibility of materials and planned finish
6.2 Patching materials are selected to suit material surface and mixed to
manufacturers’ specifications
6.3 Material is applied to manufacturers’ specifications using appropriate
application method
6.4 Surface is brushed/washed/scraped clean of surplus material in
accordance with type of patching material and material surface
6.5 Patched areas are sealed by application of prime or sealing coat, to
suit requirements of specified finishes
7. Clean up Work
area
7.1 Work area is cleared and materials disposed of, reused or recycled in
accordance with legislation/regulations/ codes of practice and job
specification
7.2 Plant, tools and equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and
stored in accordance with manufacturers’ recommendations and
standard work practices
Variables Range
Occupational Health
& Safety (OH&S)
 OH&S requirements are to be in accordance with
legislation/regulations/codes of practice, organizational safety policies
and procedures and project safety plan. This may include:
 protective clothing and equipment,
 use of tools and equipment,
 workplace environment and safety,
 handling of materials,
 use of fire fighting equipment,
 organizational first aid,
 hazard control and hazardous materials and substances

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Tools and equipment Are to include but are not limited to:
 hammers, saws, wet and dry diamond saws,
 power drills and screwdrivers, measuring tapes/rules,
 cement sheet cutters, straight edges, leveling equipment,
 concrete mixers, mortar boards, string lines, scrapers,
 brushes, wire brushes, brooms, sanding blocks, spatulas,
 wheelbarrows, shovels, wooden floats, trowels,
 spacers/wedges, squares, buckets, power sanders,
 power grinders, electrical leads, ladders, work platforms,
 hose and water sprays, sponges, rags, rubber mallets,
 lump hammers, caulking guns, nippers,
 squeegees and pointed grouters
Materials Are to include:
 adhesives,
 cement mortar (with and without additives),
 fixings and fasteners (plasterboard nails, clouts, soft sheet nails, self
tapping screws, wall board adhesive)
 patching materials (sand and cement, cornice adhesive,
 fillers – pre-mixed and mixed and caulking compound)
 acoustic underlay material and crack suppression membrane
Underlay  may be acoustic, in sheet or liquid form and provide for crack
suppression (in membrane form)
Surface mounted
construction units
and attachments
may include, but are not limited to:
 curtain walling fixing,
 fitment units,
 brick or block walls or abutments,
 timber partition walls,
 light steel partition walls,
 formwork/false work construction,
 stair installations,
 attachment of steel brackets or fabricated units and aluminum
framework fixing
 Release agents on concrete tilt-up slabs are to be removed prior to tiling
Substrate preparation  may include use of underlay material, rendering to provide a flat surface
and both chemical and mechanical preparation of surfaces
Patching materials are to include but are not limited to:
 cellulose/plaster proprietary fillers, plaster, sand and cement, lime putty,
caulking compounds and sheet material

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Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of
Competence
 Demonstrated compliance with Occupational Health and
 Applied Safety regulations to work place operations
 Carried out correct procedures prior to and during the
 Applied construction processes
 Demonstrated safe and effective operational use of tools and equipment
 Given particular attention to specified finish of surfaces ready for tiling
 communicated Interactively with others to ensure safe and effective
workplace operations
 Planned and prepared work area
 Patched and filled holes and depressions
 Prepared materials for tiling, plastering, and masonry application
 Prepared underlay and sheeting substrate
 Prepared render substrate surface
 Applied OH & safety
 Plastered wall and ceiling
 Applied quality requirements
Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
 Workplace and equipment safety requirements
 Quality requirements
 General masonry, concrete, tiling, Plastering terminology
 Plant, tools and equipment types, characteristics, uses and limitations
 Surface preparation techniques sanding, planning, levelling, packing,
patching and filling
 Surface preparation materials, tools and equipment types,
characteristics, uses and limitations
 Processes for the calculation of material requirements
 Material Safety Data Sheets
 Plans, drawings and specifications
 Materials handling, storage and environmentally friendly waste
management
 Safe work methods
 Plastering and wall and ceiling terminology
 Types, uses and limitations of surface preparation materials
 Processes for the calculation of material requirements

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 Planning and preparing work area
 Preparing surface
 Patching and filling holes and depressions
 Preparing materials for tiling, plastering, and masonry application
 Preparing underlay and sheeting substrate
 Preparing render substrate surface
 Applying OH & safety
 Plastering wall and ceiling
 Applying quality requirements
Resource
Implications
 Workplace or fully equipped assessment location with necessary tools
and equipment as well as consumable materials
 Approved assessment tools
Methods of
Assessment
Competency may be assessed through:
Context of
Assessment
Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated work
place setting

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Sept 2011
Occupational Standard: Installation Construction Works Level I
Unit Title Setout/ Level Vertical and Horizontal Angles
Unit Descriptor This unit specifies the competency required to identify site boundaries and
survey indicators, establishing, measuring and setting up of profiled set outs
for buildings and structural components of building work. The unit includes
the positioning of a building and associated structures on a site.
1. Plan and prepare 1.1 Work instructions, including plans, specifications, quality requirements
and operational details are obtained, confirmed and applied
1.2 Safety requirements are followed in accordance with safety plans
and policies
1.3 Signage/barricade requirements are identified and implemented
1.4 Tools and equipment selected to carry out tasks are consistent with
the requirements of the job, checked for serviceability and any faults
are rectified or reported prior to commencement
1.5 Material quantity requirements are calculated in accordance with
plans and/or specifications
1.6 Materials appropriate to the work application are identified, obtained,
prepared, safely handled and located ready for use
1.7 Environmental protection requirements are identified for the project in
accordance with environmental plans and regulatory obligations and
applied
2. Identify and
indicate site
boundaries
2.1 Survey pegs at corners of site are located and identified in
accordance with job drawings and specifications
2.2 String lines are set accurately into position to identify boundaries of
site in accordance with site plan and survey pegs
3. Set out right
angled corners
3.1 Corner of building is determined on set building line to true
measurement from adjacent boundary and marked with peg in
accordance with job drawings and specifications
3.2 Right angle is set up to line from corner peg using triangulation
principles
3.3 Hurdles/profiles are installed to approximate level of other hurdles
and line set taut to right angled alignment
4. Building lines
are checked for
square
4.1 Diagonal measurements are checked for square and lines adjusted to
provide square relationship within 5 mm tolerance over minimum
diagonal length of 15 m
4.2 Measurements are checked for accuracy
5. Clean up 5.1 Work area is cleared and materials disposed of, reused or recycled in
accordance with legislation/regulations/codes of practice and job
specification
5.2 Tools and equipment are cleaned, checked, maintained and stored in
accordance with manufacturers' recommendations and standard work

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practices
Variables Range
Occupational Health
and Safety (OHS)
This may include:
 protective clothing and equipment, use of tools and equipment,
workplace environment and safety, handling of materials, use of fire
fighting equipment, organisational first aid, hazard control and
hazardous materials and substances
 Personal protective equipment is to include that prescribed under
legislation, regulation and workplace policies and practices
 Safe operating procedures are to include but not be limited to the
conduct of operational risk assessment and treatments associated with
power cables (including overhead service trays, cables and conduits),
lighting, earth leakage boxes, trip hazards, working with dangerous
materials, working in confined spaces, surrounding structures,
restricted access barriers, traffic control, working at heights, working in
proximity to others,
 worksite visitors and the public
Tools and equipment Tools and equipment are to include:
 measuring tapes/rules,
 straight edges, sledge hammers/lump hammers,
 hammers, hand saws,
 nail bags, string lines, marking equipment,
 spirit levels, saw stools,
 automatic levels, laser levels,
 calculators
May include but not be limited to power saws and optical levels
Materials Materials may include but not limited to nails, timber and
Pegs
Evidence Guide
Critical Aspects of
Competence
 Location, interpretation and application of relevant
information, standards and specifications
 Compliance with site safety plan, OH&S regulations and
State/Territory legislation applicable to workplace
operations
 Compliance with organisational policies and procedures
including quality requirements
 Safe and effective operational use of tools and equipment
 Communication and working effectively and safely with
others
 Set out a full size L shape building on a relatively level

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Underpinning
Knowledge and
Attitudes
 Basic General Construction processes
 General Construction plan, symbols and construction terminology
 Setting out device types, characteristics, technical capabilities and
limitations
 Site and equipment safety requirements
 Site isolation and traffic control responsibilities and authorities
 Project quality requirements
 General Construction terminology
 Line, level and plumb
 Processes for setting out
 Setting out techniques
 Basic mathematical techniques associated with setting out
 Processes for interpreting engineering drawings and sketches
Resource
Implications
 Workplace or fully equipped assessment location with necessary tools
and equipment as well as consumable materials
 Approved assessment tools
Methods of
Assessment
Competency may be assessed through:
Context of
Assessment
Competency may be assessed in the work place or in a simulated work
place setting
Occupational Standard: Installation Construction Works Level I
Unit Title
Perform Roughing-In Activities for Communication and Distribution
Systems
Unit Descriptor This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes on installing
electrical metallic conduit, wire ways and cable clamp, telephone
terminal cabinet and distribution frame used in roughing-in based
on the required performance standards
1. Install electrical
metallic conduit
1.1 Correct drawings are interpreted based on job requirements
1.2 Correct quantities of metallic conduit and accessories are
determined as per job requirements
1.3 Tools and equipment are selected as per job requirements
1.4 Conduit is assembled ensuring that fittings are fully inserted and
tightened as per job requirements
1.5 Conduit is bent with bends not exceeding 90° as per job
requirements

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