Electoral systems
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The document discusses different electoral systems and their characteristics. It compares the single-member-district plurality (SMDP) system and the proportional representation (PR) system. The SMDP system favors large parties and hurts small ones, while the PR system provides proportional representation in the legislative body based on a party's electoral strength. It also discusses conditions like small district numbers that can cause the SMDP system to disadvantage small parties. Referendums allow direct public voting on policy decisions. Voter turnout varies significantly between countries and different demographic groups.
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This document provides an overview of electoral systems used in the UK, including:
- First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) system currently used, which can result in disproportionate results and a two-party system.
- Alternative systems like the Additional Member System (AMS) used in Scotland and Wales, which combines FPTP and party list voting for proportional representation.
- Single Transferable Vote (STV) system used in Northern Ireland, which allows ranking candidates by preference to ensure proportional representation.
1585762474_PL(H)-IV-Lec1.pptx
Elections and electoral systems are important mechanisms for modern representative governments to choose legislators and other officials. There are several types of electoral systems that determine how votes are cast and translated into legislative seats. These include plurality/majoritarian systems like first-past-the-post (FPTP), proportional representation (PR) systems, and mixed or additional member systems. FPTP tends to produce two-party systems while PR encourages more parties and proportional representation. Different systems have tradeoffs between proportionality, strong constituency representation, and forming stable single-party governments.
MP2 Review for VA and US Government
The document provides information about the US legislative branch including:
1) There are three reasons for a bicameral legislature - the British model, to settle conflicts between small and large states, and for each house to check the other.
2) The President rarely calls special sessions as Congress is nearly always in session.
3) There are 435 seats in the House of Representatives which holds elections every two years in even numbered years.
Tindak Malaysia 2021 Training #5 - Electoral System Part 1
The document summarizes the key features of Malaysia's electoral system, First Past the Post (FPTP). It explains that FPTP was chosen at independence due to its simplicity and ability to produce stable governments. However, FPTP is problematic as it can result in elected representatives winning without majority support and does not proportionally reflect the popular vote. It also discusses criticisms such as FPTP reinforcing permanent coalitions, and being susceptible to manipulation through malapportionment and gerrymandering. The document concludes that while no system is perfect, Malaysia's 2018 election results indicate a need to reconsider the current electoral system.
Annant
1) The document discusses various problems with India's electoral system, including the prevalence of money and muscle power in politics. It notes that around 23% of current MPs have criminal cases against them.
2) Several reforms are proposed to address these issues, including replacing the first-past-the-post system, implementing spending limits for candidates, and increasing transparency in political party funding.
3) The conclusion emphasizes the need to strictly implement laws to prevent criminals from contesting elections and bar convicted criminals from politics for 10 years. Political parties and the public must both take action to reduce the criminalization of politics.
List system
This slide tells you about the list system in details..
including it's MEANING, TYPES, MERITS, DEMERITS AND CONCLUSION..
this presentation is easy to understand and can be easily adhered to
Comparative Party Systems
This document discusses different types of political party and electoral systems. It outlines dominant-party systems, two-party systems, and multi-party systems. It then examines different voting methods like first-past-the-post and alternative vote. It also discusses how to calculate the effective number of political parties in a system and factors that influence party persistence and success. The document concludes by mentioning Duverger's hypothesis about how plurality voting tends to favor two-party systems.
A2 G&P the electoral college and how it works
This document provides an overview of the US Electoral College system. It describes how electors are chosen and allocated to each state based on representatives. It explains that electors vote for president and vice president, and the candidates who receive an absolute majority of electoral votes win. If no candidate achieves a majority, the House of Representatives and Senate decide the winner. The document outlines arguments both for and against the Electoral College system.
Interest groups and political parties
A federal system has three key characteristics: 1) authority is retained at the top level of government; 2) there are two levels of government but sovereignty remains with the states/provinces; and 3) the two levels of government have equal jurisdiction. Pluralism holds that interest groups and political parties determine public policy through bargaining and compromise as rational individuals act in their self-interest by joining groups to better represent their views. Interest groups and political parties supplement formal government structures by communicating public opinions and values, though they differ in their level of organization and breadth of issues.
Wasted Votes and Political Representation: Analysis of the Implementation ofP...
ABSTRACT :: As a country that adheres to a democratic system, Indonesia is faced with two major
challenges simultaneously. On the one hand, as a nation, Indonesia must be able to act as a comfortable "home"
for all existing diversity. Meanwhile, on the other hand, Indonesia must also be able to manage an effective (as
well as efficient) political system institutionally. One way to ensure that pluralistic values remain but remain
effective and efficient is to implement a parliamentary threshold of 4%. However, like a double-edged sword,
the trend of increasing PT (2.5 to 4 percent) from election to election is feared to threaten the principle of
political representation with high levels of wasted votes. Using qualitative methods, this research calculates the
loss of votes as an impact of the implementation of the parliamentary threshold and also its impact.
KEYWORDS: Parliamentary Threshold; Scorching Voice
PHILIPPINE POLITICAL PARTY SYSTEM
The document discusses the party-list system of proportional representation in the Philippines. It is a mechanism that allows marginalized groups to gain representation in the House of Representatives. Only registered parties and organizations can participate, including sectoral, political, and sectoral organizations or coalitions. To be eligible as a nominee, one must be a natural-born citizen, registered voter, resident for at least one year, literate, and at least 25 years old. Twenty percent of House seats are reserved for party-list representatives. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party. Votes for each party are tallied nationwide and seats are allocated based on percentage of total party-list votes.
The Main Characteristics Of Alternative Vote, PR List...
The document discusses several electoral systems used around the world including alternative vote, PR list systems, STV, first past the post, and AMS. It provides details on the characteristics of each system. First past the post can result in a candidate winning without a majority. AMS is used in Germany and gives voters two votes, one for their local representative and one for their preferred party. Proportional representation list systems aim to allocate seats proportionally according to the percentage of votes received.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: PHILIPPINE PARTY LIST SYSTEM
The document summarizes key aspects of the party-list system for electing representatives to the House of Representatives in the Philippines. It describes how the system aims to provide representation for marginalized groups. Registered national, regional, or sectoral parties and organizations can participate by fielding nominees who must meet certain qualifications. The number of seats allocated is 20% of the total House seats. Voters cast two votes, one for a district representative and one for a party-list. Seats are allocated based on the percentage of the nationwide vote each party receives. Party-list representatives have the same rights and terms as district representatives.
Chapter 7: Electoral Process
1. The document discusses the nominating process and elections in the United States. It outlines five ways candidates can become nominated - self announcement, caucuses, primaries (closed, open, blanket), and petitions.
2. It also discusses when elections are held, methods of voting including absentee/early voting, and innovations in voting technology from machines to online voting.
3. Campaign financing is also covered including sources of funds, regulations on contributions and expenditures from individuals and PACs, and recent reforms like the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.
Legislative Branch: 3rd Set of Notes
The document discusses several topics related to congressional incumbency:
1) Incumbency has become more of a career over time, with the proportion of first-term representatives falling from 58% in the 19th century to 8% by the 1960s.
2) Incumbents have advantages like name recognition, fundraising ability, and ability to perform constituent services, giving them a better chance of re-election.
3) Members of Congress can represent their constituents in different ways - as delegates by following voters' preferences, as trustees by following their own beliefs, or as partisans by prioritizing their political party. Most try to balance these approaches.
4) Congressional caucuses allow members
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Tindak Malaysia 2021 Training #5 - Electoral System Part 1
Tindak Malaysia 2021 Training #5 - Electoral System Part 1
Wasted Votes and Political Representation: Analysis of the Implementation ofP...
Wasted Votes and Political Representation: Analysis of the Implementation ofP...
The Main Characteristics Of Alternative Vote, PR List...
The Main Characteristics Of Alternative Vote, PR List...
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三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Electoral systems
- 1. ELECTORAL SYSTEMS International Ataturk Alatoo University Department of International Relations Subject:Political Science and Political Theory II Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Student: Farida Umurzakova, Group: IR-4
- 3. What is electoral system? Electoral System of the state - rules determining which people win office as a result of any participation in the voting Single- Member- District Plurality (SMDP) System Proportional Representation (PR) System
- 4. Single-Member-District Plurality one represantative – each district (a single member – each district- plurality of votes) Ex: Britain, USA, Canada, India Favors large parties & hurts small ones Proovides a tie to a particular locality So what are the differences btw SMDP and PR electoral systems? Proportional Representation Political parties representation in the legislative body is proportional to their strength in electorate (18% - 18seats etc) Electoral participation - higher
- 5. House of representatives 435 The Senate 50 The US Congress
- 6. TWO CONDITIONS FOR SMDP BIAS The smaller the number of districts, the more likely it is that small parties will be hurt by SMDP Ex: strong presidency causes one largy party If a small party has most of its strength concentrated in just a few districts, it may not be hurt by the SMDP system Canada – not 2, but 5 major parties, little pressure from SMDP
- 7. REFERENDUMS “Power to people ” Referendum allows voters to choose directly in an election whether a given policy should be followed or not(mostly for decisions of great gravity). Ex: no referendums on national levels, but sometimes- local, state levels
- 8. Electoral Participation Country Votes Country Votes Great Britain 71% Germany 82% USA Hawaii Minnesota 50% 40% 67% Sweden 81% Czech Republic 76%
- 9. Who is likely or unlikely to vote? Suburban residents Well-educated people Well-off people Farmers(USA) Old people Young people Poor people Women(escept Europe & NA) Racial Minorities Day? Procedure- easy or difficult? Political situation?
- 10. ELECTORAL SYSTEMS International Ataturk Alatoo University Department of International Relations Subject:Political Science and Political Theory II Lecturer: Ibrahim Koncak Student: Farida Umurzakova, Group: IR-4