This document summarizes a numerical study of fluid flow and heat transfer through a reactive coal stockpile. The study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to model the stockpile as a porous medium and solve the governing equations. Parameters investigated included wind speed, porosity, permeability, and maximum temperature. Two independent numerical solvers were used and validated against each other. The results showed these parameters affect air flow around the stockpile, maximum internal temperature, and heat removal at the interface with the atmosphere, influencing the coal oxidation process.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFERFROM SQUARE CYLIND...ijmech
The document numerically investigates natural convection heat transfer from a square cylinder placed horizontally in a square enclosure filled with nanofluids. It presents the following key points:
1) Governing equations for the laminar, steady state, two-dimensional flow of an incompressible nanofluid are developed using the vorticity-stream function formulation.
2) Variables such as thermal conductivity and viscosity are modified to account for the inclusion of nanoparticles based on existing models.
3) The equations are non-dimensionalized and discretized before being solved using the ADI method.
4) Preliminary results show an increase in average Nusselt number with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction over the range
Modeling of gas dynamics in a pulse combustion chamber (Kuts)Alex Fridlyand
1) A mathematical model of gas dynamics in a pulse combustion chamber was developed to model the initial drying process. The model considers gas pressure, velocity, and temperature fluctuations over time.
2) The model equations account for gas viscosity and introduce a "second viscosity" term to describe compressions and rarefactions in the pulsating gas flow. This term helps stabilize the computational solution.
3) Numerical solution of the gas dynamics model shows that gas pressure and velocity vary sinusoidally over time, with the velocity exhibiting a phase shift relative to the pressure. The model can provide insights into optimizing pulse combustion chamber design and drying process parameters.
Two boreholes were drilled near a Bulgarian Antarctic research base on Livingston Island to collect core samples for laboratory study of thermal properties. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements were made on cores from the two boreholes, located 187 meters apart, to understand heat transfer in local soils and permafrost. Preliminary results found the highest thermal conductivity in cores from the PAPAGAL borehole and the highest thermal diffusivity in cores from the CALM borehole. Further tests will measure properties under saturated conditions to model the Antarctic climate. The study aims to interpret thermal flux in the region's soils and rocks.
The Comprehensive Computation Model of Gas Permeability Based on Fuzzy Comple...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this paper, in order to reveal the gas migration law of loaded coal under multi-factor coupling, the researches on gas permeability were carried out under different influencing factors, namely effective stress, gas pressure, confining pressure and moisture content, with the self-developed experimental platform of gas permeability. Meanwhile, the function relationship of each influencing factor and permeability was established by use of the mathematical least squares principle. In this paper, the comprehensive expression of gas permeability was established, which is based on fuzzy complementary judgment matrix. And the comprehensive expression was drawn from the experimental conclusions of the loaded coal under multi-factor coupling.
Shreyas, Yujin Chang-Heat Transfer through a Condensate Droplet on Hydrophobi...Yujin Chang
1) A numerical model was developed to simulate heat transfer through individual condensate droplets on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
2) The simulations showed that the majority of heat transfer occurs at the three-phase contact line, where the local heat flux can be up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than at the droplet top.
3) Experiments using optical and electron microscopy on biphilic copper samples showed different droplet morphologies, from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic, that agreed well with the simulation results.
Heat transfer studies were carried out in a laboratory scale gas-solid fluidized bed with 0.1m
ID x 1 m length column, using three sizes of local sand particles of 301, 454, and 560 µm. the bed
region was heated bya horizontal heat transfer probe. It was made of copper rod (15 mm ODx50 mm
long) and insulated at the ends by Teflon. A hole was drilled at the center of the rod to accommodate
a cartridge heater 200 W (6.5 mm OD x 42 mm long). Three bed inventories of sand 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg,
and 2.5 kg, four superficial air velocities of 1.0 m/s, 1.25 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 1.75 m/s were used. Three
heat fluxes of 1698.9, 2928.4, 4675.7 W m-2 were employed. The data obtained showed how the heat
transfer coefficient effected by the above operating parameters. The heat transfer coefficient is
directly proportional with air superficial velocity as well as the bed inventory and heat fluxes but
inversely proportional with sand particles size.
This document presents a mathematical model for predicting heat losses from a tar sand formation to adjacent formations during thermal recovery processes like steamflooding. The model is developed using conservation of energy principles and heat transfer equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed using the model to analyze how variations in properties of the tar sand formation and steam affect the rate of heat loss. The analyses reveal that increases or decreases in properties like steam and tar sand density can increase or decrease the rate of heat loss. However, some property variations have minimal effect on heat losses. The model can help optimize steam injection parameters to minimize heat losses and improve thermal recovery efficiency.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION AROUND A RADIOACTIVE WASTE DEP...Jean Belline
A mathematical model of thermally induced water movement in the vicinity of a hard rock
depository for radioactive waste is presented and discussed. For the low permeability rocks envisaged for
geological disposal the equations describing heat and mass transfer become uncoupled and linear.
Analytic solutions to these linearized equations are derived for an idealized spherical model of a
depository in a uniformly permeable rock mass. As the hydrogeological conditions to be expected at a
disposal site are uncertain, examples of flow paths are presented for a range of different permeabilities,
porosities, boundary conditions and regional cross-flows.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFERFROM SQUARE CYLIND...ijmech
The document numerically investigates natural convection heat transfer from a square cylinder placed horizontally in a square enclosure filled with nanofluids. It presents the following key points:
1) Governing equations for the laminar, steady state, two-dimensional flow of an incompressible nanofluid are developed using the vorticity-stream function formulation.
2) Variables such as thermal conductivity and viscosity are modified to account for the inclusion of nanoparticles based on existing models.
3) The equations are non-dimensionalized and discretized before being solved using the ADI method.
4) Preliminary results show an increase in average Nusselt number with increasing nanoparticle volume fraction over the range
Modeling of gas dynamics in a pulse combustion chamber (Kuts)Alex Fridlyand
1) A mathematical model of gas dynamics in a pulse combustion chamber was developed to model the initial drying process. The model considers gas pressure, velocity, and temperature fluctuations over time.
2) The model equations account for gas viscosity and introduce a "second viscosity" term to describe compressions and rarefactions in the pulsating gas flow. This term helps stabilize the computational solution.
3) Numerical solution of the gas dynamics model shows that gas pressure and velocity vary sinusoidally over time, with the velocity exhibiting a phase shift relative to the pressure. The model can provide insights into optimizing pulse combustion chamber design and drying process parameters.
Two boreholes were drilled near a Bulgarian Antarctic research base on Livingston Island to collect core samples for laboratory study of thermal properties. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements were made on cores from the two boreholes, located 187 meters apart, to understand heat transfer in local soils and permafrost. Preliminary results found the highest thermal conductivity in cores from the PAPAGAL borehole and the highest thermal diffusivity in cores from the CALM borehole. Further tests will measure properties under saturated conditions to model the Antarctic climate. The study aims to interpret thermal flux in the region's soils and rocks.
The Comprehensive Computation Model of Gas Permeability Based on Fuzzy Comple...IJMERJOURNAL
ABSTRACT: In this paper, in order to reveal the gas migration law of loaded coal under multi-factor coupling, the researches on gas permeability were carried out under different influencing factors, namely effective stress, gas pressure, confining pressure and moisture content, with the self-developed experimental platform of gas permeability. Meanwhile, the function relationship of each influencing factor and permeability was established by use of the mathematical least squares principle. In this paper, the comprehensive expression of gas permeability was established, which is based on fuzzy complementary judgment matrix. And the comprehensive expression was drawn from the experimental conclusions of the loaded coal under multi-factor coupling.
Shreyas, Yujin Chang-Heat Transfer through a Condensate Droplet on Hydrophobi...Yujin Chang
1) A numerical model was developed to simulate heat transfer through individual condensate droplets on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic surfaces.
2) The simulations showed that the majority of heat transfer occurs at the three-phase contact line, where the local heat flux can be up to 4 orders of magnitude higher than at the droplet top.
3) Experiments using optical and electron microscopy on biphilic copper samples showed different droplet morphologies, from hydrophobic to superhydrophobic, that agreed well with the simulation results.
Heat transfer studies were carried out in a laboratory scale gas-solid fluidized bed with 0.1m
ID x 1 m length column, using three sizes of local sand particles of 301, 454, and 560 µm. the bed
region was heated bya horizontal heat transfer probe. It was made of copper rod (15 mm ODx50 mm
long) and insulated at the ends by Teflon. A hole was drilled at the center of the rod to accommodate
a cartridge heater 200 W (6.5 mm OD x 42 mm long). Three bed inventories of sand 1.5 kg, 2.0 kg,
and 2.5 kg, four superficial air velocities of 1.0 m/s, 1.25 m/s, 1.5 m/s, 1.75 m/s were used. Three
heat fluxes of 1698.9, 2928.4, 4675.7 W m-2 were employed. The data obtained showed how the heat
transfer coefficient effected by the above operating parameters. The heat transfer coefficient is
directly proportional with air superficial velocity as well as the bed inventory and heat fluxes but
inversely proportional with sand particles size.
This document presents a mathematical model for predicting heat losses from a tar sand formation to adjacent formations during thermal recovery processes like steamflooding. The model is developed using conservation of energy principles and heat transfer equations. Sensitivity analyses are performed using the model to analyze how variations in properties of the tar sand formation and steam affect the rate of heat loss. The analyses reveal that increases or decreases in properties like steam and tar sand density can increase or decrease the rate of heat loss. However, some property variations have minimal effect on heat losses. The model can help optimize steam injection parameters to minimize heat losses and improve thermal recovery efficiency.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR HYDROTHERMAL CONVECTION AROUND A RADIOACTIVE WASTE DEP...Jean Belline
A mathematical model of thermally induced water movement in the vicinity of a hard rock
depository for radioactive waste is presented and discussed. For the low permeability rocks envisaged for
geological disposal the equations describing heat and mass transfer become uncoupled and linear.
Analytic solutions to these linearized equations are derived for an idealized spherical model of a
depository in a uniformly permeable rock mass. As the hydrogeological conditions to be expected at a
disposal site are uncertain, examples of flow paths are presented for a range of different permeabilities,
porosities, boundary conditions and regional cross-flows.
A strategy for an efficient simulation of countcorrent flows in the iron blas...Josué Medeiros
This document summarizes a strategy for efficiently simulating countercurrent gas and solids flows in an iron blast furnace. Key aspects of the strategy include:
1) Modeling the gas flow using an anisotropic Ergun equation that accounts for layered porous media and can be solved using a computationally efficient algorithm.
2) Modeling the slow descending solids flow using an irrotational flow assumption and conservation of mass.
3) Modeling heat transfer between the gas and solids using energy balance equations that account for convection and heat exchange, with appropriate enthalpy-temperature relationships.
4) Accounting for the stagnant central "deadman" zone and high-flow "race
The document presents a numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer from a circular cylinder inside a square enclosure using different types of nanofluids. Governing equations for the laminar, steady-state flow and heat transfer are presented. The equations are solved using the vorticity-stream function formulation and finite difference method. Results are obtained for Rayleigh numbers between 104-106, enclosure width to cylinder diameter ratio of 2.5, and nanofluid volume fractions from 0-0.2. Types of nanofluids investigated include water with Cu, Al2O3, and TiO3 nanoparticles. Results show Nusselt number and heat transfer increase with nanofluid volume fraction. Heat transfer is more enhanced at lower Ray
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM CIRCULAR CYL...IAEME Publication
In the present work, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer utilizing nano fluids as working fluid from horizontal circular cylinder situated in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. Different types of nano particles were tested. The types of the nano fluids are Cu, Al2O3 and TiO3 with water as base fluid. A model is developed to analyze heat transfer performance of nano fluids inside an enclosure taking into account the solid particle dispersionrs on the flow and heat
transfer characteristics.
Film Condensation Behaviour of Steam on Isothermal Walls in Presence of Non-C...ijceronline
Numerical modelling of condensation had been a challenging task for the researchers for many years due to its time scale and rapidity. Present work deals with the characterization of condensation in presence of non-condensable gases on isothermal surfaces which is a common situation in many condensing devices. The investigation includes the effect of different flow parameters on condensation of saturated steam-air mixture using a numerical approach. The study uses wall condensation model through ANSYS CFX solver. The effect of mass fraction of steam, operating pressure and mass flow rate of mixture is studied. Investigation provides some key characteristics about film condensation which normally remain absent in condensation without non-condensable gas. The findings of this study will provide valuable insight in thermal design process of components incorporating this phenomenon.
CFD investigation of coal gasification: Effect of particle sizeIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of the effect of coal particle size on coal gasification in a fluidized bed. The CFD model uses Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid modeling approach with kinetic theory of granular flow to simulate gas-solid flow behavior. Simulations were performed with two particle sizes - 0.00062 m and 0.001 m - at fluidization velocities ranging from 0.16 to 1 m/s. The results show that smaller particle size leads to better solid distribution, easier generation of bubbles, and faster fluidization. At high velocities, particle size has little effect other than on bed height expansion. The study provides insights into how particle size impacts hydrodynamics in fluid
The document contains lecture notes on mass and heat transfer in steady state processes. It discusses key concepts like Fick's law of diffusion, examples of mass transfer in membrane separation processes used in the food industry like reverse osmosis. It also covers the basic mechanisms of heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation. Specific equations for heat transfer by conduction through a hollow cylinder are provided.
This document provides a detailed table of contents for a course on transport phenomena. It outlines topics related to momentum transport and fluid dynamics including the equation of continuity, viscous stress, and momentum balances. It also covers mass transfer in reactive and non-reactive systems, including diffusion, mass transfer coefficients, and applications to reactors. Finally, it provides an overview of the first lecture which defines vectors, fluxes, and derives the equation of continuity for incompressible fluids.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection of Nanofluid in a Concentric Annulus with...A Behzadmehr
In this work, the steady and laminar mixed convection of nanofluid in horizontal concentric annulus with
rotating inner cylinder is investigated numerically. The inner and outer cylinders are kept at constant
temperature Ti and To respectively, where Ti>To. The annular space is filled with Alumina-water nanofluid.
The governing equations with the corresponded boundary conditions in the polar coordinate are discretized
using the finite volume method where pressure-velocity coupling is done by the SIMPLER algorithm.
Numerical results have been obtained for Rayleigh number ranging from 102 to 105, Reynolds number from 1 to 300 and nanoparticles volume fraction from 0.01 to 0.06. The effects of the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, average diameter of nanoparticles and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the annuli are investigated. According to the results, the average Nusselt number decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. However, the average Nusselt number increases by increasing the Rayleigh number. Moreover, the maximum average Nusselt number occurs for an optimal nanoparticle volume fraction except situations that heat conduction predominates over the heat convection. In these conditions the average Nusselt number is close to unity.
Calculating the air-sea flux of any trace gas: transfer velocity, chemical e...Martin Johnson
This document discusses methods for calculating the air-sea flux of trace gases, including accounting for chemical enhancement effects. It describes the two-layer model of gas exchange and parameters that influence transfer velocities in the air and water phases, such as wind speed, temperature, solubility, and gas diffusion rates. The document also addresses sources of uncertainty in flux calculations and situations where chemical reactions in water may enhance or inhibit gas transfer rates relative to classical models.
Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Time-Dependent G and Lamda for Const...IOSR Journals
In this paper we have consider five-dimensional cosmological model in presence of perfect fluid
source with time dependent G and .The Einstein field equations are solvable with the help of constant
deceleration parameter. Physical and kinematical properties of this model are investigated. It has been shown
that the solutions are comparable with recent observations. The behavior of gravitational constant,
cosmological constant, density, critical density and pressure is discussed for dust, radiation dominated and stiff matter of the Universe. It is also examined the behavior of gravitational constant and cosmological constant for expansion law and exponential law for stiff matter
Presentation of 2 datasets of H2 and its isotopic composition:
- Time series from six background stations
- Dataset collected in the UTLS with a commercial aircraft
The document summarizes measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity taken from core samples extracted from two boreholes on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements were taken from cores stored in boxes, with depth estimated to within 20cm. Measurements were made in three orientations and showed average thermal conductivity of 3.14 W/mK for CALM site cores and 3.17 W/mK for PAPAGAL site cores, with CALM site having the highest average thermal diffusivity. Values varied some between boreholes and by core depth and orientation. The study provides a starting database of physical property measurements of the island's metamorphic rocks.
Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arse...Lex Pit
1) A modern climate model was used to simulate the climate effects of injecting 50 Tg and 150 Tg of smoke aerosols into the atmosphere from simulated nuclear conflicts.
2) For the 150 Tg scenario, the black carbon aerosols were lofted into the upper stratosphere where they had an e-folding lifetime of 4.6 years, much longer than previous estimates, producing significant surface cooling for over a decade.
3) Both scenarios produced globally catastrophic consequences according to the researchers, with the 150 Tg scenario still qualifying as a "nuclear winter," though of a longer duration than previously thought.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
The document describes a numerical chemical model that was developed to simulate the formation of HNCO (isocyanic acid) in different astrophysical environments. The model consists of two stages - a collapsing cloud phase followed by a hot core phase where the temperature increases. Various models were run to investigate HNCO formation through gas-phase reactions and grain surface reactions. The models show that HNCO formation is inefficient through gas-phase reactions alone. Surface reactions are needed to explain observed HNCO abundances. The ratio of HNCO to CS abundances varies over time in hot cores and can match observed ranges, indicating this ratio is not a simple tracer of UV radiation as previously suggested.
Multi-scale time integration for transient conjugate heat transferMohamed Fadl
The paper proposes a new multi-scale framework for transient conjugate heat transfer simulations to address limitations of the quasi-steady assumption commonly used. The framework adopts a triple-timing form to integrate the fluid domain equations, capturing both the slow time scales of the solid domain through a source term and the short time scales of the fluid domain through local time integration at frozen large time steps. Preliminary validation studies indicate the method can achieve enhanced applicability with relatively small modifications to existing transient conjugate heat transfer methods at low additional cost compared to quasi-steady approaches.
1. article in mathematical problems in engineering 2020MohamedSANNAD2
This document summarizes a numerical study that simulated natural convection heat transfer in a cubical cavity filled with nanofluids. The cavity is heated by a partition maintained at a hot temperature, while the right and left walls are kept at a cold temperature and the rest are adiabatic. Results show that increasing the Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and size of the heating partition all improve heat transfer. Copper-based nanofluids provided the best thermal transfer. The study analyzes temperature, velocity and heat transfer to understand how nanofluids affect natural convection in 3D enclosures.
- Abiotic controls, like precipitation and evaporation, dominate soil moisture spatiotemporal variability in wet climates, while biotic controls from vegetation become more important in Mediterranean climates.
- The relationship between the coefficient of variation (Cv) and mean soil moisture (Θ) was found to be unique and well described by an exponential or linear function for locations in Switzerland, but strong hysteretic cycles were observed for Mediterranean locations.
- Heterogeneity in soil properties increases Cv and tends to obscure any hysteresis, masking climatic and biotic controls on soil moisture variability. Heterogeneity can therefore hide the influences of climate and vegetation on soil moisture spatiotemporal patterns.
Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a Non-Newtonian Nan fluid ove...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the stability of a horizontal porous layer saturated with a viscoelastic nanofluid when the boundaries are subjected to periodic temperature modulation. The analysis uses the Darcy-Brinkman-Oldroyd-B fluid model and considers infinitesimal disturbances. Three cases of oscillatory temperature fields are examined: symmetric modulation, asymmetric modulation, and modulation of only the bottom wall. A perturbation solution is obtained and the effect of modulation frequency on stability is shown. The stability is characterized by a correction Rayleigh number calculated as a function of various parameters representing viscoelasticity, concentration, porosity, heat capacity, and modulation frequency. Modulation is found to generally have a destabilizing
A strategy for an efficient simulation of countcorrent flows in the iron blas...Josué Medeiros
This document summarizes a strategy for efficiently simulating countercurrent gas and solids flows in an iron blast furnace. Key aspects of the strategy include:
1) Modeling the gas flow using an anisotropic Ergun equation that accounts for layered porous media and can be solved using a computationally efficient algorithm.
2) Modeling the slow descending solids flow using an irrotational flow assumption and conservation of mass.
3) Modeling heat transfer between the gas and solids using energy balance equations that account for convection and heat exchange, with appropriate enthalpy-temperature relationships.
4) Accounting for the stagnant central "deadman" zone and high-flow "race
The document presents a numerical investigation of natural convection heat transfer from a circular cylinder inside a square enclosure using different types of nanofluids. Governing equations for the laminar, steady-state flow and heat transfer are presented. The equations are solved using the vorticity-stream function formulation and finite difference method. Results are obtained for Rayleigh numbers between 104-106, enclosure width to cylinder diameter ratio of 2.5, and nanofluid volume fractions from 0-0.2. Types of nanofluids investigated include water with Cu, Al2O3, and TiO3 nanoparticles. Results show Nusselt number and heat transfer increase with nanofluid volume fraction. Heat transfer is more enhanced at lower Ray
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM CIRCULAR CYL...IAEME Publication
In the present work, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer utilizing nano fluids as working fluid from horizontal circular cylinder situated in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. Different types of nano particles were tested. The types of the nano fluids are Cu, Al2O3 and TiO3 with water as base fluid. A model is developed to analyze heat transfer performance of nano fluids inside an enclosure taking into account the solid particle dispersionrs on the flow and heat
transfer characteristics.
Film Condensation Behaviour of Steam on Isothermal Walls in Presence of Non-C...ijceronline
Numerical modelling of condensation had been a challenging task for the researchers for many years due to its time scale and rapidity. Present work deals with the characterization of condensation in presence of non-condensable gases on isothermal surfaces which is a common situation in many condensing devices. The investigation includes the effect of different flow parameters on condensation of saturated steam-air mixture using a numerical approach. The study uses wall condensation model through ANSYS CFX solver. The effect of mass fraction of steam, operating pressure and mass flow rate of mixture is studied. Investigation provides some key characteristics about film condensation which normally remain absent in condensation without non-condensable gas. The findings of this study will provide valuable insight in thermal design process of components incorporating this phenomenon.
CFD investigation of coal gasification: Effect of particle sizeIRJET Journal
This document presents a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation of the effect of coal particle size on coal gasification in a fluidized bed. The CFD model uses Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid modeling approach with kinetic theory of granular flow to simulate gas-solid flow behavior. Simulations were performed with two particle sizes - 0.00062 m and 0.001 m - at fluidization velocities ranging from 0.16 to 1 m/s. The results show that smaller particle size leads to better solid distribution, easier generation of bubbles, and faster fluidization. At high velocities, particle size has little effect other than on bed height expansion. The study provides insights into how particle size impacts hydrodynamics in fluid
The document contains lecture notes on mass and heat transfer in steady state processes. It discusses key concepts like Fick's law of diffusion, examples of mass transfer in membrane separation processes used in the food industry like reverse osmosis. It also covers the basic mechanisms of heat transfer through conduction, convection and radiation. Specific equations for heat transfer by conduction through a hollow cylinder are provided.
This document provides a detailed table of contents for a course on transport phenomena. It outlines topics related to momentum transport and fluid dynamics including the equation of continuity, viscous stress, and momentum balances. It also covers mass transfer in reactive and non-reactive systems, including diffusion, mass transfer coefficients, and applications to reactors. Finally, it provides an overview of the first lecture which defines vectors, fluxes, and derives the equation of continuity for incompressible fluids.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Numerical Study of Mixed Convection of Nanofluid in a Concentric Annulus with...A Behzadmehr
In this work, the steady and laminar mixed convection of nanofluid in horizontal concentric annulus with
rotating inner cylinder is investigated numerically. The inner and outer cylinders are kept at constant
temperature Ti and To respectively, where Ti>To. The annular space is filled with Alumina-water nanofluid.
The governing equations with the corresponded boundary conditions in the polar coordinate are discretized
using the finite volume method where pressure-velocity coupling is done by the SIMPLER algorithm.
Numerical results have been obtained for Rayleigh number ranging from 102 to 105, Reynolds number from 1 to 300 and nanoparticles volume fraction from 0.01 to 0.06. The effects of the Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers, average diameter of nanoparticles and the volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the annuli are investigated. According to the results, the average Nusselt number decreases with increasing the Reynolds number. However, the average Nusselt number increases by increasing the Rayleigh number. Moreover, the maximum average Nusselt number occurs for an optimal nanoparticle volume fraction except situations that heat conduction predominates over the heat convection. In these conditions the average Nusselt number is close to unity.
Calculating the air-sea flux of any trace gas: transfer velocity, chemical e...Martin Johnson
This document discusses methods for calculating the air-sea flux of trace gases, including accounting for chemical enhancement effects. It describes the two-layer model of gas exchange and parameters that influence transfer velocities in the air and water phases, such as wind speed, temperature, solubility, and gas diffusion rates. The document also addresses sources of uncertainty in flux calculations and situations where chemical reactions in water may enhance or inhibit gas transfer rates relative to classical models.
Five-Dimensional Cosmological Model with Time-Dependent G and Lamda for Const...IOSR Journals
In this paper we have consider five-dimensional cosmological model in presence of perfect fluid
source with time dependent G and .The Einstein field equations are solvable with the help of constant
deceleration parameter. Physical and kinematical properties of this model are investigated. It has been shown
that the solutions are comparable with recent observations. The behavior of gravitational constant,
cosmological constant, density, critical density and pressure is discussed for dust, radiation dominated and stiff matter of the Universe. It is also examined the behavior of gravitational constant and cosmological constant for expansion law and exponential law for stiff matter
Presentation of 2 datasets of H2 and its isotopic composition:
- Time series from six background stations
- Dataset collected in the UTLS with a commercial aircraft
The document summarizes measurements of thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity taken from core samples extracted from two boreholes on Livingston Island, Antarctica. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements were taken from cores stored in boxes, with depth estimated to within 20cm. Measurements were made in three orientations and showed average thermal conductivity of 3.14 W/mK for CALM site cores and 3.17 W/mK for PAPAGAL site cores, with CALM site having the highest average thermal diffusivity. Values varied some between boreholes and by core depth and orientation. The study provides a starting database of physical property measurements of the island's metamorphic rocks.
Nuclear winter revisited with a modern climate model and current nuclear arse...Lex Pit
1) A modern climate model was used to simulate the climate effects of injecting 50 Tg and 150 Tg of smoke aerosols into the atmosphere from simulated nuclear conflicts.
2) For the 150 Tg scenario, the black carbon aerosols were lofted into the upper stratosphere where they had an e-folding lifetime of 4.6 years, much longer than previous estimates, producing significant surface cooling for over a decade.
3) Both scenarios produced globally catastrophic consequences according to the researchers, with the 150 Tg scenario still qualifying as a "nuclear winter," though of a longer duration than previously thought.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed
The document describes a numerical chemical model that was developed to simulate the formation of HNCO (isocyanic acid) in different astrophysical environments. The model consists of two stages - a collapsing cloud phase followed by a hot core phase where the temperature increases. Various models were run to investigate HNCO formation through gas-phase reactions and grain surface reactions. The models show that HNCO formation is inefficient through gas-phase reactions alone. Surface reactions are needed to explain observed HNCO abundances. The ratio of HNCO to CS abundances varies over time in hot cores and can match observed ranges, indicating this ratio is not a simple tracer of UV radiation as previously suggested.
Multi-scale time integration for transient conjugate heat transferMohamed Fadl
The paper proposes a new multi-scale framework for transient conjugate heat transfer simulations to address limitations of the quasi-steady assumption commonly used. The framework adopts a triple-timing form to integrate the fluid domain equations, capturing both the slow time scales of the solid domain through a source term and the short time scales of the fluid domain through local time integration at frozen large time steps. Preliminary validation studies indicate the method can achieve enhanced applicability with relatively small modifications to existing transient conjugate heat transfer methods at low additional cost compared to quasi-steady approaches.
1. article in mathematical problems in engineering 2020MohamedSANNAD2
This document summarizes a numerical study that simulated natural convection heat transfer in a cubical cavity filled with nanofluids. The cavity is heated by a partition maintained at a hot temperature, while the right and left walls are kept at a cold temperature and the rest are adiabatic. Results show that increasing the Rayleigh number, volume fraction of nanoparticles, and size of the heating partition all improve heat transfer. Copper-based nanofluids provided the best thermal transfer. The study analyzes temperature, velocity and heat transfer to understand how nanofluids affect natural convection in 3D enclosures.
- Abiotic controls, like precipitation and evaporation, dominate soil moisture spatiotemporal variability in wet climates, while biotic controls from vegetation become more important in Mediterranean climates.
- The relationship between the coefficient of variation (Cv) and mean soil moisture (Θ) was found to be unique and well described by an exponential or linear function for locations in Switzerland, but strong hysteretic cycles were observed for Mediterranean locations.
- Heterogeneity in soil properties increases Cv and tends to obscure any hysteresis, masking climatic and biotic controls on soil moisture variability. Heterogeneity can therefore hide the influences of climate and vegetation on soil moisture spatiotemporal patterns.
Effect of Radiation on Mixed Convection Flow of a Non-Newtonian Nan fluid ove...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document summarizes a research article that analyzes the stability of a horizontal porous layer saturated with a viscoelastic nanofluid when the boundaries are subjected to periodic temperature modulation. The analysis uses the Darcy-Brinkman-Oldroyd-B fluid model and considers infinitesimal disturbances. Three cases of oscillatory temperature fields are examined: symmetric modulation, asymmetric modulation, and modulation of only the bottom wall. A perturbation solution is obtained and the effect of modulation frequency on stability is shown. The stability is characterized by a correction Rayleigh number calculated as a function of various parameters representing viscoelasticity, concentration, porosity, heat capacity, and modulation frequency. Modulation is found to generally have a destabilizing
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF NATURAL CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM CIRCULAR CYL...IAEME Publication
In the present work, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer utilizing nanofluids as working fluid from horizontal circular cylinder situated in a square enclosure is investigated numerically. The type of the nanofluid is the water-based copper Cu. A model is developed to analyze heat transfer performance of nanofluids inside an enclosure taking into account the solid particle dispersionrs on the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The study uses different Raylieh
numbers (104 , 105 , and 106 ), different enclosure width to cylinder diameter ratios W/D (1.667, 2.5 and 5) and volume fraction of nanoparticles between 0 to 0.2. The work included the solution of the governing equations in the vorticity-stream function formulation which were transformed into body fitted coordinate system
Numerical investigation of heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics insid...doda_1989h
Abstract
The combined effect of waviness and porous media on the convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics
is numerically investigated. Two models of wavy walled channel fully filled with homogenous porous material
are assumed. The first was the symmetric converging-diverging channel (case A), and the second was the
channel with concave-convex walls (case B). The governing equations have been solved on non-orthogonal grid,
which is generated by Poisson elliptic equations, based on ADI method. Nusselt number values are used to
indicate whether any cases of corrugation studied may have led to an increase in the rate of heat transferred
compared with the planar surface channel which is the purpose of the study. The results show that case A gives
more enhancement in heat transfer than case B. However, the thermal performance of the wavy channels (cases
A & B) is better than the straight channel (simple duct).
This document summarizes a study on cooling power converters on trains through natural convection. It presents a numerical analysis of heat transfer from an aluminum plate representing the train wall with a discontinuous heat flux from 12 resistors simulating electronic components. The results show that the heat flux distribution significantly influences heat transfer. Experiments were also conducted with an apparatus modeling the system, varying heat flux levels from 1600 to 3200 W/m^2 applied uniformly to the resistors.
This document discusses a numerical analysis of natural convection cooling of electronic components mounted on an aluminum plate within the walls of a train. The study examines the effect of a discontinuous heat flux distribution from the components on heat transfer. The results show that the heat flux distribution significantly influences cooling efficiency. Optimizing the placement and sizing of components can maximize heat transfer and minimize temperatures for improved cooling of power converters inside trains.
Cooling Of Power Converters by Natural ConvectionIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on cooling power converters on trains through natural convection. It discusses a numerical analysis of the effect of discrete heat flux distributions on a vertical aluminum plate representing the train wall. The plate contains 12 resistors in 3 rows and 4 columns representing electronic components. Simulations were run to determine the influence of heat flux distribution and channel dimensions on maximum temperature. Experimental work was also conducted to validate the numerical model. In conclusion, the heat flux distribution significantly impacts heat transfer, with distributed fluxes allowing better cooling than uniform fluxes.
This document presents a numerical solution for unsteady heat and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical plate with variable thermal conductivity, taking into account Dufour number and heat source effects. The governing equations are non-linear and coupled, and were solved numerically using an implicit finite difference scheme. Various parameters, including Dufour number and heat source, were found to influence the velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles. Skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number were also calculated.
electric injera baking pan efficency analsisAmare Addis
This document presents a finite element model for simulating the heat transfer process during injera baking. The model uses Luikov's model for heat and mass transfer in porous media. The finite element model was developed and validated by comparing results to experimental data. The model can predict the impact of injera baking pan design parameters like thermal conductivity and plate thickness on energy efficiency. Modeling indicates that improving these parameters, such as using higher conductivity clay, could significantly improve energy efficiency. The document provides mathematical descriptions of the heat transfer models used for the baking pan and injera batter during the baking process.
The document studied the effect of various operating parameters on the heat transfer coefficient in a gas-solid fluidized bed using a horizontal heat transfer probe. Experiments were conducted in a fluidized bed with different particle sizes, bed inventories, heat fluxes, and air velocities. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with air velocity and bed inventory, but decreased with particle size. The heat transfer coefficient was also directly proportional to the applied heat flux. The study provides insights into heat transfer in gas-solid fluidized beds and how it is impacted by key operating parameters.
Study on Thermal and Hydrodynamic Indexes of a Nanofluid Flow in a Micro Heat...A Behzadmehr
The paper numerically presents laminar forced convection of a nanofluid flowing in a duct at microscale.
Results were compared with both analytical and experimental data and observed good concordance with
previous studies available in the literature. Influences of Brinkman and Reynolds number on thermal and
hydrodynamic indexes have been investigated. For a given nanofluid, no change in efficiency (heat dissipation
to pumping power) was observed with an increasing in Reynolds number. It was shown that the pressure was
decrease with an increase in Brinkman number. Dependency of Nu increment changes with substrate material.
The document provides a literature review on the effects of nanofluids in enhancing thermophysical properties. It discusses how adding nanoparticles to base fluids can increase thermal conductivity. The summary discusses how decreasing nanoparticle size and increasing temperature and volume fraction can further increase thermal conductivity. Prior studies found thermal conductivity enhancement was highest for nanofluids with smaller nanoparticle sizes (<50nm) and at higher temperatures. The literature review examines several past studies that investigated these effects and relationships between properties.
This document analyzes mixed convection MHD flow of nanofluid over a non-linear stretching sheet with thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, variable magnetic field, and suction. It presents governing equations and solves them using similarity transformations to obtain velocity and temperature profiles. Results show that increasing the magnetic field, Prandtl number, local Grashof number, Eckert number, and nanoparticle volume fraction affects the velocity and thermal fields. Thermal boundary layer equations account for viscous and Ohmic dissipation. Solutions indicate increasing magnetic field and suction decreases velocity and temperature profiles for the stretching sheet.
Natural convection heat transfer inside inclined open cylinderIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an experimental study on natural convection heat transfer inside an inclined open cylinder. The study investigated the effects of inclination angle (0°, 30°, 60°, 90°) and heat flux (70-600 W/m2) on the heat transfer. Empirical correlations were developed relating the average Nusselt number to the Rayleigh number. Results showed that heat transfer, as measured by the local and average Nusselt number, increased with increasing heat flux and inclination angle from horizontal to vertical.
Two-temperature elasto-thermo diffusive response inside a spherical shell wit...IJERA Editor
The present work deals with the investigation of elasto-thermo diffusion interaction of a homogeneous isotropic
spherical shell in the context of two-temperature generalized theory of thermo-elasticity with diffusion. The
inner and outer boundaries of the spherical shell are free from stress and subjected to a time dependent thermal
stoke. The chemical potential is also assumed to be a function of time on the boundary of the shell. The
governing equations are solved in the Laplace transformation by using aoperator theory. The inverse of the
transformed solution is carried out by applying a method of Bellman et al.. The stress, conductive temperature,
displacement, mass concentration and chemical potential are computed numerically and presented graphically in
a number of figures for copper material. A comparison of the results for three different models two-temperature
Lord Shulman model (2TLS), two-temperature Green Naghdi model (2TGN-III) and two-temperature threephase-
lag model (2T3P) arealso presented for the different types of temperature field (one-temperature and twotemperature).
Evaluation of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger Performance by Using ZnO/Water Na...Barhm Mohamad
To examine and investigate the impact of nanofluid on heat exchanger performance, including the total heat transfer, the effect of friction factor, the average Nusselt number, and the thermal efficiency, the output heat transfers of a shell and tube heat exchanger using ZnO nanoparticles suspended in water has been conducted numerically. The governing equations were solved using finite volume techniques and CFD simulations with ANSYS/FLUENT Solver 2021. The nanoparticles volume fractions adopted are 0.2% and 0.35% that used in numerical computations under 200 to 1400 Reynolds numbers range. The increasing of temperature is approximately 13% from the bottom to the top of heat exchanger, while the maximum enhancement of Nusselt number is about 10%, 19% for volume fractions 0.2% and 0.35% respectively. The elevated values of the friction factor at the volumetric ratios of 0.2% and 0.35% are 0.25% and 0.47% respectively. The findings demonstrate that the performance efficiency of shell and tube heat exchanger is enhanced due to the increase in Nusselt number.
The Effects of Nanofluids on Forced Convection Heat Transfer Inside Parallel ...AI Publications
A numerical solution on forced convection of Al2O3-water nanofluid for different volume fractions is investigated for laminar flow through a parallel plate with flush mounted discrete heat sources. The model used for nanofluid mixture is a single-phase approach and fluid properties are considered constant with temperature. The finite difference method is used for solutions and four different volume fractions are considered varying from 0% to 4%. A fully developed laminar velocity profile is considered and the parallel plate is assumed as heated with three discrete heat sources flush mounted to the top and bottom plate with the same lengths. Uniform wall temperature boundary condition is taken for discrete heaters. Peclet numbers are in the range of 20-100. For comparison and validity of the solution the results for a classical problem, laminar flow through a parallel plate which is heated at the downstream region with constant temperature, are obtained. Results are presented in terms of bulk temperature, heat flux, and local Nusselt number. Heat transfer is enhanced with the particle volume concentration. For comparison, pure water results are also shown in the figures. At the locations where heat is applied the heat flux values decrease as the volume fraction increase and the bulk temperature values are higher for the higher volume fractions at the heated locations. As the volume fraction increases the local Nusselt number can increase up to 30% than to pure water.
Fuzzy numbers, Nth - order Fuzzy Initial Value Problems, Runge-Kutta method, ...IOSR Journals
A numerical study is presented of two-dimensional laminar steady-state on megneto-hydrodynamics
(MHD) free convection for heat flow patterns within trapezoidal enclosures. A finite element analysis is
performed to investigate the effects of unifor heating and is also used for solving the Navier-Stokes and
Energybalance equations.In this study, cold bottom walls, uniformly heated left and right (side) walls and
insulated top walls with inclination angles (ф) are considered in a trapezoidal enclosure. The present numerical
procedure adopted in this investigation yields consistent performance over a wide range of parameters, Prandtl
numbers, (Pr = 0.026 - 0.7), and Rayleigh numbers (Ra = 103 – 105), Hartmann number (Ha = 50) with various
tilt angles Ф = 450, 300 and 00(square).Numerical results are presented in terms of streamlines, isotherms, heat
function (total heat flux) and nusselt numbers.for different Ra and Pr. As Ra increases conduction dominant
region changes for different Pr. Complete heat transfer analysis is performed in terms of local and average
nusselt numbers.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
Mixed Convection of Variable Properties Al2O3-EG-Water Nanofluid in a Two-Dim...A Behzadmehr
In this paper, mixed convection of Al2O3-EG-Water nanofluid in a square lid-driven enclosure is investigated numerically. The focus of this study is on the effects of variable thermophysical properties of the nanofluid on the heat transfer characteristics. The top moving and the bottom stationary horizontal walls are insulated, while the vertical walls are kept at different constant temperatures. The study is carried out for Richardson numbers of 0.01–1000, the solid volume fractions of 0–0.05 and the Grashof number of 104. The transport equations are solved numerically with a finite volume approach using the SIMPLER algorithm. The results show that the Nusselt number is mainly affected by the viscosity, density and conductivity variations. For low Richardson numbers, although viscosity increases by increasing the nanoparticles volume fraction, due to high intensity convection of enhanced conductivity nanofluid, the average Nusselt number increases for both constant and variable cases. However, for high Richardson numbers, as the volume fraction of nanoparticles increases heat transfer enhancement occurs for the constant properties cases but deterioration in heat transfer occurs for the variable properties cases. The distinction is due to underestimation of viscosity of the nanofluid by the constant viscosity model in the constant properties cases and states important effects of temperature dependency of thermophysical properties, in particular the viscosity distribution in the domain.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptxKavitha Krishnan
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
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How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.