EIS technology : bioimpedance application in selective serotonin reuptakeES-Teck India
Through the 6 tactile electrodes, a weak DC current is sending alternatively between 2 electrodes with a sequence and the EIS-GS system is recording the electrical conductance of 11 pathways of the human body.
Summary of clinical investigations es teck complex systemES-Teck India
Summary of the clinical investigations E.S.Teck Complex March, 20, 2010
Summary of Clinical Investigations ES Teck Complex system EIS System in adjunct to Treatments’ monitoring and to diagnosis with the conventional methods
The document discusses home care for patients with neuromuscular diseases, specifically focusing on whether general practitioners or specialized teams are better suited to provide care. It notes the benefits of both approaches but emphasizes the importance of support networks and multidisciplinary teams to ensure accessible, high quality, and personalized care for patients.
The document provides information on the ES Teck System, which measures heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), photoplethysmography, and body impedance analysis (BIA). It analyzes HRV, pulse waves, vascular health, body composition, and provides indicators for various body systems. Results include HRV statistics, SpO2 and photoplethysmography readings, BIA measurements, and cross-analysis of indicators to track health and aid physicians.
'Rare TACS/Neurostimulation' - Dr Manjit Matharu (Clinical Lead of the Headache Group, a senior lecturer at The Institute of Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery) from the Cumbria Neuroscience Conference
1) The study used high-resolution MRI to measure the dimensions of the cavernous sinus and surrounding structures in patients with cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, and controls.
2) They found that patients with cluster headache and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania had wider skulls than controls. However, after adjusting for skull size, there were no differences in the dimensions of the cavernous sinus between patients and controls.
3) One finding was that probable cluster headache patients had a larger left-to-right pituitary diameter compared to controls, but pituitary volumes did not differ between groups. Overall, the study found no evidence that cavernous sinus dimensions are constitutionally narrow
Methyl prednisolone in infantile spasm journal presentationshukur ullah
1. This study investigated the short-term effects of intravenous methylprednisolone (MPD) pulse therapy as a first-line treatment for 14 patients with newly diagnosed infantile spasms.
2. 64.3% of patients achieved cessation of spasms within 3 days on average. 55.6% remained spasm-free after 3 months, and the overall spasm freedom rate was 78.6%.
3. Adverse effects were minor, with irritability in 3 patients and lower respiratory infection in 1 patient. MPD pulse therapy shows promise as a safe and effective initial treatment for infantile spasms.
EIS technology : bioimpedance application in selective serotonin reuptakeES-Teck India
Through the 6 tactile electrodes, a weak DC current is sending alternatively between 2 electrodes with a sequence and the EIS-GS system is recording the electrical conductance of 11 pathways of the human body.
Summary of clinical investigations es teck complex systemES-Teck India
Summary of the clinical investigations E.S.Teck Complex March, 20, 2010
Summary of Clinical Investigations ES Teck Complex system EIS System in adjunct to Treatments’ monitoring and to diagnosis with the conventional methods
The document discusses home care for patients with neuromuscular diseases, specifically focusing on whether general practitioners or specialized teams are better suited to provide care. It notes the benefits of both approaches but emphasizes the importance of support networks and multidisciplinary teams to ensure accessible, high quality, and personalized care for patients.
The document provides information on the ES Teck System, which measures heart rate variability (HRV), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2), photoplethysmography, and body impedance analysis (BIA). It analyzes HRV, pulse waves, vascular health, body composition, and provides indicators for various body systems. Results include HRV statistics, SpO2 and photoplethysmography readings, BIA measurements, and cross-analysis of indicators to track health and aid physicians.
'Rare TACS/Neurostimulation' - Dr Manjit Matharu (Clinical Lead of the Headache Group, a senior lecturer at The Institute of Neurology and Honorary Consultant Neurologist at The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery) from the Cumbria Neuroscience Conference
1) The study used high-resolution MRI to measure the dimensions of the cavernous sinus and surrounding structures in patients with cluster headache, chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, and controls.
2) They found that patients with cluster headache and chronic paroxysmal hemicrania had wider skulls than controls. However, after adjusting for skull size, there were no differences in the dimensions of the cavernous sinus between patients and controls.
3) One finding was that probable cluster headache patients had a larger left-to-right pituitary diameter compared to controls, but pituitary volumes did not differ between groups. Overall, the study found no evidence that cavernous sinus dimensions are constitutionally narrow
Methyl prednisolone in infantile spasm journal presentationshukur ullah
1. This study investigated the short-term effects of intravenous methylprednisolone (MPD) pulse therapy as a first-line treatment for 14 patients with newly diagnosed infantile spasms.
2. 64.3% of patients achieved cessation of spasms within 3 days on average. 55.6% remained spasm-free after 3 months, and the overall spasm freedom rate was 78.6%.
3. Adverse effects were minor, with irritability in 3 patients and lower respiratory infection in 1 patient. MPD pulse therapy shows promise as a safe and effective initial treatment for infantile spasms.
The document discusses outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including disease activity, disability, damage, and mortality. Specific factors related to poor outcomes include severe disease, involvement of many joints, rheumatoid factor positivity, and high inflammatory markers. Disease activity states refer to when RA is active with inflammation or inactive without it. Treatment goals aim to reduce severity, improve disability, stop joint damage, and avoid adverse events. Clinical measures, patient reports, laboratory tests, and radiological assessments are used to evaluate disease activity and outcomes.
Old Patients Present with High GCS in traumatic brain injuryDr Amber Z Jafferi
This study analyzed data from over 25,000 patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the Trauma Audit Research Network database between 1988-2013. It found that older patients (65+) presented with more severe forms of TBI but higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores than younger patients (<65), meaning current triage guidelines may miss significant injuries in older groups. Mortality was almost three times higher in older patients despite their higher GCS. The study concludes that trauma systems should adapt guidelines to better recognize serious TBIs in the elderly based on injury severity rather than just GCS.
Studio sull'efficacia della deep brain stimulation in aggiunta alla terapia m...Merqurio
This randomized controlled trial compared deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. 366 patients were assigned to either immediate surgery and best medical therapy (183 patients) or best medical therapy alone (183 patients). At 1 year follow up, the surgery group showed a mean improvement of 5.0 points on a quality of life scale compared to 0.3 points for the medical therapy alone group, indicating surgery led to better quality of life outcomes. However, surgery also carried risks, with 19% of the surgery group experiencing serious surgery-related adverse events and one procedure-related death. The trial found surgery plus medical management improved quality of life more than medical management alone for advanced Parkinson's disease
Efficacy of Souvenaid in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from a Randomized,...Nutricia
1) This randomized controlled trial found that consumption of Souvenaid, a medical food containing nutrients to support synaptic function, led to improved memory performance over 24 weeks in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease compared to a control group.
2) The primary outcome measure, the memory domain z-score of the Neuropsychological Test Battery, was significantly higher in the Souvenaid group than the control group after 24 weeks.
3) Secondary EEG measures showed significantly different functional brain connectivity in the delta band between the groups over 24 weeks, supporting the hypothesis that Souvenaid affects synaptic activity.
Pirfenidona na Fibrose Pulmonar IdiopaticaFlávia Salame
Pirfenidone reduced the decline in lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in one of two phase 3 clinical trials. In study 004, pirfenidone significantly reduced the decline in forced vital capacity at week 72 compared to placebo, but no significant difference was found between pirfenidone and placebo in study 006. Overall, pirfenidone showed a favorable benefit-risk profile and represents an appropriate treatment option for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether pre-hospital administration of hypertonic saline or hypertonic saline plus dextran improved 6-month neurological outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury without hypovolaemic shock compared to normal saline. Over 1300 patients were randomized to receive one of the three study fluids. The primary outcome of an extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score of ≤4 at 6 months was not significantly different between groups. Secondary outcomes including 28-day survival were also not significantly different between groups. The study was terminated early due to futility in showing benefit of the hypertonic fluids over normal saline.
- Ocrelizumab (OCR) significantly reduced disability progression and disease activity in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) compared to placebo in the ORATORIO clinical trial.
- Evaluation of efficacy in subgroups of patients with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions at baseline was a key objective. OCR reduced disability progression and disease activity in both subgroups.
- Specifically, OCR reduced the risk of 12-week and 24-week confirmed disability progression by 24-25% in the overall population and in both subgroups. It also reduced the worsening of walking ability and brain lesion volume over 120 weeks compared to placebo.
1) A phase 3 clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of ocrelizumab in reducing disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline.
2) Results showed that ocrelizumab reduced the risk of 12-week and 24-week confirmed disability progression by 24% and 25% respectively compared to placebo in the overall study population.
3) When analyzing subgroups based on presence of T1 lesions at baseline, ocrelizumab reduced risk of disability progression in both subgroups, though the results did not reach statistical significance in the subgroup with lesions at baseline.
This study evaluated the drug utilization and rationality of antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy patients at a tertiary care hospital in Dehradun, India. The study found that most epilepsy patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Polytherapy was used more than monotherapy, with 2-drug combinations being most common. First generation antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin were prescribed more than second generation drugs. Phenytoin was the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug. The majority of patients receiving polytherapy had a rational drug regimen.
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Viren Kaul
This document discusses delirium in the intensive care unit. It begins with a description of the clinical presentations of delirium, including hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed subtypes. It then covers assessment using the CAM-ICU, predisposing and precipitating risk factors, prevention through non-pharmacological measures like the ABCDEF bundle, and treatment focusing on resolving underlying causes, addressing symptoms, and using a multimodal approach including dexmedetomidine in some cases rather than antipsychotics. The key messages are that delirium is underrecognized, prevention is critical, and a multimodal approach without overusing medication is recommended.
- A randomized trial evaluated discharging infants and children with acute bronchiolitis and hypoxia from the emergency department (ED) on home oxygen therapy versus traditional inpatient admission.
- 92 patients were enrolled, with 53 randomly assigned to home oxygen and 39 to inpatient admission. There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics.
- 37 of the 53 patients (70%) assigned to home oxygen completed the 8-hour ED observation period and were discharged home on oxygen. One patient returned and was admitted with a cyanotic spell.
- The remaining 36 patients (97%) treated with home oxygen were successfully managed as outpatients. Caregiver and primary care provider satisfaction with home oxygen was high.
Actrims 2016 opera poster hauser_p024 (1)BartsMSBlog
The document summarizes results from two Phase III clinical trials called OPERA I and OPERA II that compared the efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab (OCR) to interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Key results include:
1) OCR significantly reduced annualized relapse rates (ARR) by 46-47% compared to IFN β-1a in both studies. OCR also reduced disability progression and brain lesion activity to a greater extent than IFN β-1a.
2) A higher proportion of patients on OCR achieved no evidence of disease activity compared to those on IFN β-1a.
Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20-positive B cells. Two phase III trials, OPERA I and OPERA II, compared ocrelizumab to interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The studies found that ocrelizumab significantly reduced annualized relapse rates, disability progression, and MRI activity compared to interferon beta-1a over 96 weeks with an acceptable safety profile. Ocrelizumab was generally well-tolerated with a higher rate of infusion-related reactions but lower rates of serious adverse events and infections compared to interferon beta-1a. The trials provide support for the role of B
Impact of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 Genetic Polymorphism on Combined Cholinesterase I...Sonali Nirmal
This document summarizes a study that examined the impact of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes on plasma concentrations and treatment outcomes of donepezil monotherapy and combination therapy with memantine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The study recruited 38 patients on donepezil monotherapy and 17 patients on combination therapy of donepezil and memantine. Genetic testing was performed to identify polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genes and plasma drug levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Significant allele frequencies were observed for certain CYP2D6 polymorphisms in both treatment groups. The study concluded that CYP2D6
1) The study examined clinical measurements and neural changes associated with vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency.
2) At baseline, adults with convergence insufficiency had slower convergence eye movements compared to controls.
3) After 18 hours of vision therapy, the adults with convergence insufficiency showed improvements in clinical measurements of nearpoint of convergence and fusional vergence, as well as increased cortical activity and faster convergence eye movements.
1) The study examined clinical measurements and neural changes associated with vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency.
2) At baseline, adults with convergence insufficiency had slower convergence eye movements compared to controls.
3) After 18 hours of vision therapy, the adults with convergence insufficiency showed improvements in clinical measurements of nearpoint of convergence and fusional vergence, as well as increased cortical activity and faster convergence eye movements.
Freertos based environmental data acquisition using arm cortex m4 f coreeSAT Journals
Abstract In today’s decade of Big Data and complex computing, the Data acquisition systems hold a prime position. In this project, we present a Data acquisition system, which runs on ARM Cortex M4F core microcontroller and this whole system is managed by a real time operating system names FreeRTOS. Tiva C Series Launchpad is used as the board. The system is currently designed to monitor only temperature. A temperature sensor will be used for monitoring temperature. The data received will be stored in SD card. The main objective of this project is to design a data acquisition system, which is portable, cheaper and deterministic. Currently available systems in market are expensive and bulky whereas this FreeRTOS based Data acquisition system is cheaper and portable as well. Keywords: FreeRTOS, ARM Cortex M4F core, Temperature sensor, Tiva C series Launchpad, SD card.
This document summarizes a study on using the dispersion width parameter (α in the Cole equation) measured through bioimpedance to monitor changes in living tissues. Through computer simulations and experiments on rat kidneys during cold preservation, the study finds:
1) The dispersion width could be determined by the morphology of the extra-cellular spaces.
2) Experiments show it is the only parameter able to detect conditions like warm ischemia prior to cold preservation or the effect of a drug disrupting the cytoskeleton.
3) The bioimpedance is useful not only for monitoring intra/extra-cellular volume but also for detecting tissue structural alterations, thanks to the dispersion width parameter.
Web services allow different software applications to communicate and share resources regardless of operating system or programming language. They use XML and open protocols like HTTP and SOAP. A web service is self-contained, self-describing application component that can be accessed over the web. WSDL describes the web service so clients know how to access it, while SOAP defines the message format for communication. Visual Studio provides tools to test web services by structuring test cases and suites, managing test requests and results, and automating validation.
The document discusses outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) including disease activity, disability, damage, and mortality. Specific factors related to poor outcomes include severe disease, involvement of many joints, rheumatoid factor positivity, and high inflammatory markers. Disease activity states refer to when RA is active with inflammation or inactive without it. Treatment goals aim to reduce severity, improve disability, stop joint damage, and avoid adverse events. Clinical measures, patient reports, laboratory tests, and radiological assessments are used to evaluate disease activity and outcomes.
Old Patients Present with High GCS in traumatic brain injuryDr Amber Z Jafferi
This study analyzed data from over 25,000 patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBI) in the Trauma Audit Research Network database between 1988-2013. It found that older patients (65+) presented with more severe forms of TBI but higher Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores than younger patients (<65), meaning current triage guidelines may miss significant injuries in older groups. Mortality was almost three times higher in older patients despite their higher GCS. The study concludes that trauma systems should adapt guidelines to better recognize serious TBIs in the elderly based on injury severity rather than just GCS.
Studio sull'efficacia della deep brain stimulation in aggiunta alla terapia m...Merqurio
This randomized controlled trial compared deep brain stimulation plus best medical therapy versus best medical therapy alone for patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. 366 patients were assigned to either immediate surgery and best medical therapy (183 patients) or best medical therapy alone (183 patients). At 1 year follow up, the surgery group showed a mean improvement of 5.0 points on a quality of life scale compared to 0.3 points for the medical therapy alone group, indicating surgery led to better quality of life outcomes. However, surgery also carried risks, with 19% of the surgery group experiencing serious surgery-related adverse events and one procedure-related death. The trial found surgery plus medical management improved quality of life more than medical management alone for advanced Parkinson's disease
Efficacy of Souvenaid in Mild Alzheimer’s Disease: Results from a Randomized,...Nutricia
1) This randomized controlled trial found that consumption of Souvenaid, a medical food containing nutrients to support synaptic function, led to improved memory performance over 24 weeks in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease compared to a control group.
2) The primary outcome measure, the memory domain z-score of the Neuropsychological Test Battery, was significantly higher in the Souvenaid group than the control group after 24 weeks.
3) Secondary EEG measures showed significantly different functional brain connectivity in the delta band between the groups over 24 weeks, supporting the hypothesis that Souvenaid affects synaptic activity.
Pirfenidona na Fibrose Pulmonar IdiopaticaFlávia Salame
Pirfenidone reduced the decline in lung function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in one of two phase 3 clinical trials. In study 004, pirfenidone significantly reduced the decline in forced vital capacity at week 72 compared to placebo, but no significant difference was found between pirfenidone and placebo in study 006. Overall, pirfenidone showed a favorable benefit-risk profile and represents an appropriate treatment option for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated whether pre-hospital administration of hypertonic saline or hypertonic saline plus dextran improved 6-month neurological outcomes in patients with severe traumatic brain injury without hypovolaemic shock compared to normal saline. Over 1300 patients were randomized to receive one of the three study fluids. The primary outcome of an extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score of ≤4 at 6 months was not significantly different between groups. Secondary outcomes including 28-day survival were also not significantly different between groups. The study was terminated early due to futility in showing benefit of the hypertonic fluids over normal saline.
- Ocrelizumab (OCR) significantly reduced disability progression and disease activity in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) compared to placebo in the ORATORIO clinical trial.
- Evaluation of efficacy in subgroups of patients with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing (Gd+) lesions at baseline was a key objective. OCR reduced disability progression and disease activity in both subgroups.
- Specifically, OCR reduced the risk of 12-week and 24-week confirmed disability progression by 24-25% in the overall population and in both subgroups. It also reduced the worsening of walking ability and brain lesion volume over 120 weeks compared to placebo.
1) A phase 3 clinical trial evaluated the efficacy of ocrelizumab in reducing disability progression in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) with and without T1 gadolinium-enhancing lesions at baseline.
2) Results showed that ocrelizumab reduced the risk of 12-week and 24-week confirmed disability progression by 24% and 25% respectively compared to placebo in the overall study population.
3) When analyzing subgroups based on presence of T1 lesions at baseline, ocrelizumab reduced risk of disability progression in both subgroups, though the results did not reach statistical significance in the subgroup with lesions at baseline.
This study evaluated the drug utilization and rationality of antiepileptic drugs used to treat epilepsy patients at a tertiary care hospital in Dehradun, India. The study found that most epilepsy patients had generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Polytherapy was used more than monotherapy, with 2-drug combinations being most common. First generation antiepileptic drugs like phenytoin were prescribed more than second generation drugs. Phenytoin was the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drug. The majority of patients receiving polytherapy had a rational drug regimen.
Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU)Viren Kaul
This document discusses delirium in the intensive care unit. It begins with a description of the clinical presentations of delirium, including hypoactive, hyperactive, and mixed subtypes. It then covers assessment using the CAM-ICU, predisposing and precipitating risk factors, prevention through non-pharmacological measures like the ABCDEF bundle, and treatment focusing on resolving underlying causes, addressing symptoms, and using a multimodal approach including dexmedetomidine in some cases rather than antipsychotics. The key messages are that delirium is underrecognized, prevention is critical, and a multimodal approach without overusing medication is recommended.
- A randomized trial evaluated discharging infants and children with acute bronchiolitis and hypoxia from the emergency department (ED) on home oxygen therapy versus traditional inpatient admission.
- 92 patients were enrolled, with 53 randomly assigned to home oxygen and 39 to inpatient admission. There were no differences between groups in baseline characteristics.
- 37 of the 53 patients (70%) assigned to home oxygen completed the 8-hour ED observation period and were discharged home on oxygen. One patient returned and was admitted with a cyanotic spell.
- The remaining 36 patients (97%) treated with home oxygen were successfully managed as outpatients. Caregiver and primary care provider satisfaction with home oxygen was high.
Actrims 2016 opera poster hauser_p024 (1)BartsMSBlog
The document summarizes results from two Phase III clinical trials called OPERA I and OPERA II that compared the efficacy and safety of ocrelizumab (OCR) to interferon beta-1a (IFN β-1a) in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS). Key results include:
1) OCR significantly reduced annualized relapse rates (ARR) by 46-47% compared to IFN β-1a in both studies. OCR also reduced disability progression and brain lesion activity to a greater extent than IFN β-1a.
2) A higher proportion of patients on OCR achieved no evidence of disease activity compared to those on IFN β-1a.
Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that selectively targets CD20-positive B cells. Two phase III trials, OPERA I and OPERA II, compared ocrelizumab to interferon beta-1a in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The studies found that ocrelizumab significantly reduced annualized relapse rates, disability progression, and MRI activity compared to interferon beta-1a over 96 weeks with an acceptable safety profile. Ocrelizumab was generally well-tolerated with a higher rate of infusion-related reactions but lower rates of serious adverse events and infections compared to interferon beta-1a. The trials provide support for the role of B
Impact of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 Genetic Polymorphism on Combined Cholinesterase I...Sonali Nirmal
This document summarizes a study that examined the impact of genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 enzymes on plasma concentrations and treatment outcomes of donepezil monotherapy and combination therapy with memantine in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease. The study recruited 38 patients on donepezil monotherapy and 17 patients on combination therapy of donepezil and memantine. Genetic testing was performed to identify polymorphisms in CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 genes and plasma drug levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Significant allele frequencies were observed for certain CYP2D6 polymorphisms in both treatment groups. The study concluded that CYP2D6
1) The study examined clinical measurements and neural changes associated with vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency.
2) At baseline, adults with convergence insufficiency had slower convergence eye movements compared to controls.
3) After 18 hours of vision therapy, the adults with convergence insufficiency showed improvements in clinical measurements of nearpoint of convergence and fusional vergence, as well as increased cortical activity and faster convergence eye movements.
1) The study examined clinical measurements and neural changes associated with vision therapy in adults with convergence insufficiency.
2) At baseline, adults with convergence insufficiency had slower convergence eye movements compared to controls.
3) After 18 hours of vision therapy, the adults with convergence insufficiency showed improvements in clinical measurements of nearpoint of convergence and fusional vergence, as well as increased cortical activity and faster convergence eye movements.
Freertos based environmental data acquisition using arm cortex m4 f coreeSAT Journals
Abstract In today’s decade of Big Data and complex computing, the Data acquisition systems hold a prime position. In this project, we present a Data acquisition system, which runs on ARM Cortex M4F core microcontroller and this whole system is managed by a real time operating system names FreeRTOS. Tiva C Series Launchpad is used as the board. The system is currently designed to monitor only temperature. A temperature sensor will be used for monitoring temperature. The data received will be stored in SD card. The main objective of this project is to design a data acquisition system, which is portable, cheaper and deterministic. Currently available systems in market are expensive and bulky whereas this FreeRTOS based Data acquisition system is cheaper and portable as well. Keywords: FreeRTOS, ARM Cortex M4F core, Temperature sensor, Tiva C series Launchpad, SD card.
This document summarizes a study on using the dispersion width parameter (α in the Cole equation) measured through bioimpedance to monitor changes in living tissues. Through computer simulations and experiments on rat kidneys during cold preservation, the study finds:
1) The dispersion width could be determined by the morphology of the extra-cellular spaces.
2) Experiments show it is the only parameter able to detect conditions like warm ischemia prior to cold preservation or the effect of a drug disrupting the cytoskeleton.
3) The bioimpedance is useful not only for monitoring intra/extra-cellular volume but also for detecting tissue structural alterations, thanks to the dispersion width parameter.
Web services allow different software applications to communicate and share resources regardless of operating system or programming language. They use XML and open protocols like HTTP and SOAP. A web service is self-contained, self-describing application component that can be accessed over the web. WSDL describes the web service so clients know how to access it, while SOAP defines the message format for communication. Visual Studio provides tools to test web services by structuring test cases and suites, managing test requests and results, and automating validation.
Web services allow different applications from different sources to communicate using common standards like XML, SOAP, WSDL and UDDI. They enable interoperability between distributed applications across diverse hardware and software. Web services use a common data model (XML) and can access applications through firewalls using web protocols. There are different styles of using web services including RPC, SOA and REST. OrangeScape's web services platform makes it easy to both expose and consume web services.
This document provides an introduction and overview of web services. It begins by defining what a service is from both a business and technical perspective. It then discusses what web services are, how they differ from traditional client-server models, and their key characteristics. The document outlines some common web service specifications including SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI. It provides examples of how these specifications work together to enable web services. Finally, it discusses trends in web services adoption and some myths surrounding web services.
This document provides an overview of CMSIS (Cortex Microcontroller Software Interface Standard) and Cortex M bootup fundamentals. It discusses the following:
- CMSIS modules like CMSIS-Core, CMSIS-SVD, CMSIS-Driver API that standardize interfaces for Cortex M microcontrollers.
- Cortex M system memory map including code, SRAM, peripheral, and system control spaces. The system control space contains registers for clock control, NVIC, SysTick etc.
- Cortex M bootup process which involves initializing the core, peripherals, copying code to RAM, and setting up the runtime environment.
- Processor modes of handler and thread, and privilege
This presentation is Part 2 of 3 illustrating ARM® Cortex™ M boot sequence. Hands on illustration uses EFM®32 Zero Gecko starter kit based on Cortex M0+ core from Silicon Labs.
Simplicity Studio IDE from Silicon Labs was used to create a sample project (Bundled with Simplicity Studio), set breakpoints and inspect various entry points and other points of interest to get a introductory look at Cortex boot sequence
Продвинутое использование ActiveRecord в Yii2Paul Klimov
Запись лекции "Продвинутое использование ActiveRecord в Yii2" от 24.09.2016, проходившей в Киеве в "Projector"
http://prjctr.com.ua/events/yii2-conference.html
Примеры решения типичных задач за рамками ядра Yii2Paul Klimov
Рассмотрим сравнительно сложные, и в то же время, часто возникающие, задачи, для которых ядро Yii не дает готового решения. Посмотрим как из отдельных моделей ActiveRecord собирать единые сущности, и как разбивать большие модели на составляющие. Разберем как правильно сохранять файлы и как сэкономить на обработчиках событий и поведениях
- Интернационализация сущностей в базе данных;
- Обработка “ролей” в реляционных базах данных;
- Работа с файлами;
- Вложенные модели;
- Trait вместо Behavior.
1: Interfacing using ARM Cortex M4 || IEEE SSCS AlexSC IEEE SSCS AlexSC
This document provides an overview of ARM architecture, including ARM Cortex-M4 and M3 specifications, and peripherals of the TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller. It discusses the history and development of ARM architecture, from its origins at Acorn Computers to the current licensing model. ARMv7 architecture profiles including A-Profile for application processors, R-Profile for real-time systems, and M-Profile for microcontrollers are also covered. Specific topics to be discussed include GPIO, ADC, interrupts, SPI, I2C, UART, DMA, and timer interfacing.
This document provides an overview of ARM-based microcontrollers and peripherals, focusing on the ARM Cortex-M3 and Cortex-M4 processors. It discusses the specifications and features of these processors, including their 32-bit architecture, pipeline design, memory system using AMBA buses, and interrupt handling using the Nested Vectored Interrupt Controller. It also summarizes the peripherals and features of the TM4C123GH6PM microcontroller, including its ARM Cortex-M4 core, memory interfaces, and peripherals like GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C, ADC and timers. An agenda is provided outlining topics like the Cortex-M processor family, Cortex-M
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled analyzing hi-tech opportunities to show how wearable technology is becoming more economically feasible. Rapid improvements in microprocessors, memory, cameras, displays, cellular processors, WiFi, and other sensors are improving the economics of wearable computing. These slides describe wearable computing devices for the detailed parts of the arm (fingers, hand, wrist), body (chest, neck, waist, shoulders, torso), legs (thighs, ankles, feet), and head. (ear, eyes, forehead). They provide price and other performance data, functions that can be performed, and predictions for the future.
Data Acquisition System and Data loggersSwara Dave
Data acquisition systems capture and measure physical phenomena like temperature, pressure, and light and convert them into electrical signals that can be processed by a computer. The key components are transducers that convert physical values into electrical signals, signal conditioning hardware to prepare signals for measurement, and data acquisition hardware and software for measuring and analyzing the data. Data loggers are portable electronic devices that record data over time from internal or external sensors and instruments to internal memory for later retrieval. They are used in various applications like environmental monitoring and machinery performance testing.
The document provides an overview of the ARM Accredited Engineer (AAE) program. It discusses what the program is, the various accreditations available, benefits to individuals and employers, the exam process, training partner opportunities, and next steps. The goal of the AAE program is to provide a standardized way for individuals and companies to demonstrate their ARM-related technical skills and knowledge through computer-based certification exams.
This document discusses ARM instruction sets. It covers topics like ARM and Thumb instruction sets, assembler syntax, data processing instructions, memory access instructions, branch instructions, and instructions for loading constants. It provides details on different instruction types, their syntax, functionality and examples.
The document provides an overview of ARM processor architectures. It discusses ARM's range of RISC processor core designs including early processors like ARM7TDMI and ARM9TDMI. It covers the evolution of architectures like ARMv6, ARMv7, and ARMv7-M. It provides details on Cortex processor families like Cortex-A, Cortex-R, and Cortex-M. It describes features of various Cortex processors including pipeline stages, memory systems, and instruction sets. The document is intended to introduce the reader to ARM architectures and processor families.
AAME ARM Techcon2013 003v02 Software DevelopmentAnh Dung NGUYEN
This document provides an overview of the Keil MDK development tools and environment for software development on ARM Cortex-M microcontrollers. It describes the μVision IDE, ARM compiler, debugger and other tools. It discusses the embedded development process, including considerations when moving from a development environment to a standalone application such as memory maps, application startup, and C library usage. It also covers optimization levels, language support, variable types, and default memory maps and C libraries provided by the tools.
AAME ARM Techcon2013 006v02 Implementation DiversityAnh Dung NGUYEN
This document discusses various Cortex-M series processors including the Cortex-M0, Cortex-M0+, Cortex-M3, and Cortex-M4. It describes their architecture, configuration options, and debug features. The Cortex-M0 is a 32-bit processor with optional debug and a 12-25K gate count. The Cortex-M0+ offers improvements like a 2-stage pipeline and optional MPU. The Cortex-M3 and M4 have additional options like an MPU and ETM. Debugging support includes breakpoints, watchpoints, and optional trace modules.
This study examined the effect of incorporating environmental distractors into a continuous performance test (CPT) on its ability to distinguish adolescents with ADHD from controls. The study found that ADHD adolescents made significantly more omission errors on a CPT when it included visual distractors or a combination of visual and auditory distractors compared to when there were no distractors. Distracting stimuli did not affect CPT performance in non-ADHD adolescents. The results suggest that including environmental distractors improves a CPT's ability to diagnose ADHD in adolescents by making the task more challenging for those with attentional difficulties.
1) Children with ADHD who also have sensory processing disorder performed worse on tests of visual perception than children with ADHD but without sensory processing disorder.
2) Visual perception scores were moderately correlated with overall sensory processing abilities. Specifically, visual perception was related to abilities involving movement sensitivity and low energy levels.
3) The findings suggest that sensory processing issues, particularly with vestibular and proprioceptive input, may negatively impact the visual perception of children who have both ADHD and sensory processing disorder.
Biomedical Autism Treatment - Yes, it Could Help Your Autistic Child!NP Karthikeyen
DOAST (Doctrine Oriented Art of Symbiotic Treatment), an integrated therapy centre for autism, Chennai is one of the best autism treatment centre in India, provides best solution for autistic children by improving their behaviour and cognition through integrated therapy. For more details,visit: http://www.autism-ent-specialist-chennai.com
Hippocampus and amygdala morphology in attention deficitElsa von Licy
The study used magnetic resonance imaging to examine hippocampus and amygdala morphology in 51 children with ADHD and 63 healthy controls aged 6 to 18 years. The main findings were:
1. The hippocampus was larger bilaterally in the ADHD group compared to controls. Surface analyses localized this enlargement to the head of the hippocampus in the ADHD group.
2. Conventional measures did not detect significant differences in amygdala volumes, but surface analyses indicated reduced size bilaterally over the basolateral complex area in the ADHD group.
3. Correlations with prefrontal measures suggested abnormal connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in the ADHD group.
The Differences in Coordination between Children with ADHD MikeEly930
The Differences in Coordination between Children
with ADHD and Healthy Children Based on Two-
way ANOVA Analysis
jiahai Liu1 gao Yang1 fangzhong Xu minyan Zhou
1:Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, China
1
2:Zhejiang Palit Hospital, Hangzhou,China
Abstract—This study attempts to invest the differences in
movement coordination between children with ADHD and
healthy children using two-way ANOVA. The experimental tasks
are divided into simple task and complex task. The goal of the
experiments is to study the interaction in hand movements’
rhythm, accuracy and error key response between task difficulty
and subjects grouping while doing visual-motor integration tasks.
The results show that: (1) There are no significant differences in
all parameters except error number within group differences. (2)
There are significant differences in all parameters except correct
response time between group differences.
Keywords-task difficulty; ADHD; grouping; movement
coordination
I. INTRODUCTION
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is very
common in clinical, it is one of the most widely studied
diseases in child psychiatry[1-5]. In recent years, it ranks in the
first or second place in the child-patient cases, causing the
whole society's attention on children with ADHD.
Children with ADHD often accompany with developmental
disabilities, the most common is developmental coordination
disorder (DCD). This is a special developmental disorder, is
characterized by obvious damage in the motion coordination[4-
5]. Although motor coordination disorder and ADHD are two
different developmental disorders, but the studies find that
ADHD often accompanies with motor coordination
disorders[6,7]. Although many of the motor need the
participation of many senses, but visual sense is the most
important. Visual - motor integration is developed firstly in
sensorimotor integration, coordination between visual
perception and hand movements reflects the coordination and
unification between visual perception and activities[8].
At present, continuous performance tests (CPT) are used to
evaluate attention disorder among children. A series of
numbers or characters are showed on a computer monitor as
stimulants in a CPT, subjects are required to make response to
certain target, the reaction results are used to evaluate attention
deficit. Error number in the tests is used to reflect the subjects’
attention deficit, false number reflects the impulse of subjects.
As that, the objectivity of evaluation has been improved greatly
and the accuracy of clinical diagnostic is higher. Andrew L.
Cohen [4] considers that CPT has moderate reliability and
validity in the diagnosis of ADHD. Wang shu-yu[5], finds that
in auditory continuity tests and audio-visual continuity test, the
reaction time of children with all ADHD subtypes are longer
than those of control group, and the number of misstatements
and omissions are significantly ...
Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Intervention forToddlersW.docxmakdul
Randomized, Controlled Trial of an Intervention for
ToddlersWith Autism: The Early Start DenverModel
WHAT’SKNOWNONTHISSUBJECT: Previous studies on the
efficacy of early behavioral intervention for improving outcomes
for preschool-aged childrenwith autismhave yieldedpromising
results. However, no randomized clinical trials of early
developmental behavioral intervention designed for toddlerswith
autismhavebeen conducted to date.
WHATTHISSTUDYADDS: This study assessed the efficacy of the
Early Start DenverModel, a comprehensive developmental
behavioral intervention, for improving outcomesof toddlerswith
ASD. The intervention,whichwas initiatedwhen childrenwere
less than 21⁄2 years, resulted in significant improvements in IQ,
language, adaptive behavior, andautismdiagnosis.
abstract
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the
efficacy of the Early Start DenverModel (ESDM), a comprehensive de-
velopmental behavioral intervention, for improving outcomes of tod-
dlers diagnosedwith autismspectrumdisorder (ASD).
METHODS: Forty-eight children diagnosed with ASD between 18 and 30
monthsof agewere randomly assigned to 1of 2 groups: (1) ESDM inter-
vention,which isbasedondevelopmentalandappliedbehavioralanalytic
principlesanddeliveredby trained therapistsandparents for2years;or
(2)referraltocommunityprovidersforinterventioncommonlyavailablein
thecommunity.
RESULTS: Comparedwithchildrenwhoreceivedcommunity-intervention,
childrenwhoreceivedESDMshowedsignificantimprovementsinIQ,adap-
tivebehavior,andautismdiagnosis.Twoyearsafterenteringintervention,
theESDMgrouponaverageimproved17.6standardscorepoints(1SD:15
points)comparedwith7.0pointsinthecomparisongrouprelativetobase-
linescores.TheESDMgroupmaintaineditsrateofgrowthinadaptivebehav-
iorcomparedwithanormativesampleoftypicallydevelopingchildren.Incon-
trast, over the2-yearspan, thecomparisongroupshowedgreaterdelays in
adaptivebehavior.ChildrenwhoreceivedESDMalsoweremorelikelytoexpe-
rienceachange indiagnosis fromautismtopervasivedevelopmentaldisor-
der,nototherwisespecified,thanthecomparisongroup.
CONCLUSIONS: This is thefirst randomized, controlled trial todemon-
strate theefficacyofacomprehensivedevelopmentalbehavioral inter-
vention for toddlers with ASD for improving cognitive and adaptive
behavior and reducing severity of ASDdiagnosis. Results of this study
underscore the importance of early detection of and intervention in
autism.Pediatrics 2010;125:e17–e23
AUTHORS: GeraldineDawson, PhD,a,b,c Sally Rogers,
PhD,d JeffreyMunson, PhD,e,fMilani Smith, PhD,e Jamie
Winter, PhD,e JessicaGreenson, PhD,e AmyDonaldson,
PhD,g and Jennifer Varley,MSe
aAutismSpeaks; bDepartment of Psychiatry, University of North
Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; cDepartment of Psychology,
eUniversity ofWashington AutismCenter, Center onHuman
Development andDisability, and fDepartment of Psychiatry and
Behavioral Sciences, University ofWashington, Seattle,
Washington; dMIND Institute, Departmen ...
This document is an abstract for an expert roundtable supplement on best practices in diagnosing and treating adult ADHD. It discusses key points about the epidemiology of adult ADHD, including that approximately 4% of US adults have ADHD. It also notes that adults with ADHD experience significant impairments in executive functioning and adaptive functioning. Further, most adults with ADHD have at least one comorbid psychiatric disorder, making diagnosis and treatment more complex. The roundtable aims to review epidemiology data on adult ADHD, discuss common impairments, and consider differential diagnoses and common comorbidities.
Hypothermia for Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic EncephalopathyMaged Zakaria
This review article summarizes the current evidence on therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) from randomized controlled trials. The review identified 7 trials including 1214 newborns that compared therapeutic hypothermia to normothermia. The results showed that therapeutic hypothermia reduced the risk of death or major neurodevelopmental disability at 18 months and increased the rate of survival with normal neurological function. Both total body cooling and selective head cooling were effective in reducing these risks. The review concludes that hypothermia improves outcomes for newborns with moderate to severe HIE and should be considered as part of routine clinical care for these newborns.
This document summarizes a talk on whether ADHD and ASD are two manifestations of the same underlying disorder or distinct disorders. The talk discusses evidence from clinical observations, genetics, cognitive measures, and brain imaging. Clinically, there is significant overlap between ADHD and ASD symptoms. Genetically, twin and family studies show shared genetic influences between the disorders. Polygenic risk scores predict traits related to both ADHD and ASD. Copy number variants have also been linked to both disorders. Cognitive profiles show heterogeneity but some common deficits. Overall, the evidence suggests ADHD and ASD have both shared and distinct features, possibly representing different points on a neurodevelopmental continuum.
1. The OSHA program aims to help autistic children develop social, communication, language and academic skills through early intervention, preschool and school classes taught by specialists.
2. The program involves comprehensive assessment, individualized treatment plans, and regular re-evaluation. Treatment includes behavioral, educational, speech and social interaction therapies.
3. While autism was once considered untreatable, intensive early intervention programs like OSHA have been shown to significantly improve outcomes for many children. Certain medications can also help treat associated behaviors.
REVIEWpublished 24 June 2015doi 10.3389fnhum.2015.003.docxmalbert5
REVIEW
published: 24 June 2015
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00359
Pathophysiology of ADHD and
associated problems—starting points
for NF interventions?
Björn Albrecht*, Henrik Uebel-von Sandersleben, Holger Gevensleben and
Aribert Rothenberger
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
Edited by:
Martijn Arns,
Research Institute Brainclinics,
Netherlands
Reviewed by:
Roumen Kirov,
Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian
Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria
Leon Kenemans,
Utrecht University, Netherlands
*Correspondence:
Björn Albrecht,
Department of Child and Adolescent
Psychiatry, University Medical Center
Göttingen, von Siebold Straße 5,
37075 Göttingen, Germany
[email protected]
Received: 06 October 2014
Accepted: 02 June 2015
Published: 24 June 2015
Citation:
Albrecht B, Uebel-von Sandersleben
H, Gevensleben H and Rothenberger
A (2015) Pathophysiology of ADHD
and associated problems—starting
points for NF interventions?
Front. Hum. Neurosci. 9:359.
doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00359
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by severe and
age-inappropriate levels of hyperactivity, impulsivity and inattention. ADHD is a
heterogeneous disorder, and the majority of patients show comorbid or associated
problems from other psychiatric disorders. Also, ADHD is associated with cognitive and
motivational problems as well as resting-state abnormalities, associated with impaired
brain activity in distinct neuronal networks. This needs to be considered in a multimodal
treatment, of which neurofeedback (NF) may be a promising component. During NF,
specific brain activity is fed-back using visual or auditory signals, allowing the participants
to gain control over these otherwise unaware neuronal processes. NF may be used
to directly improve underlying neuronal deficits, and/or to establish more general self-
regulatory skills that may be used to compensate behavioral difficulties. The current
manuscript describes pathophysiological characteristics of ADHD, heterogeneity of
ADHD subtypes and gender differences, as well as frequently associated behavioral
problems such as oppositional defiant/conduct or tic disorder. It is discussed how NF
may be helpful as a treatment approach within these contexts.
Keywords: Neurofeedback (NF), ADHD, ODD/CD, tic disorder, comorbidity, children, neurobiology
Introduction
Difficulties with Inattention or Hyperactivity and Impulsivity as the core symptoms of Attention
deficit Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are a frequent psychosocial burden. With an early onset
during childhood, ADHD is often persisting throughout life. It is a heterogeneous disorder, and a
challenge to treat. In light of this heterogeneity, the most promising treatment approach should
be multimodal in nature (Taylor et al., 2004; Swanson et al., 2008). Pharmacological interventions
particularly with stimulants such as methylphenidate and amphetamine sulfate, as well as non-
s.
This document summarizes a systematic review and meta-analysis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in children. The review found that the overall recovery rate for pediatric ISSNHL was 67.91%, similar to adults. A meta-analysis found no significant difference between combined systemic-intratympanic steroid therapy versus solely systemic treatment. The review was limited by the rarity of pediatric ISSNHL and heterogeneity between retrospective case studies. Larger prospective studies are still needed to determine the most effective treatment options for this condition in children.
This is a paper I wrote for school on brain impairments in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, with a focus on neuroanatomical differences and connectivity patterns. I reviewed findings from various studies, considered their limitations, and proposed directions for future research.
This document summarizes current research on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to help clinicians provide guidance to families. It discusses that ASD is characterized by difficulties with social communication and repetitive behaviors. While ASD is lifelong, outcomes have improved in recent decades due to things like increased community support services. However, most individuals still require lifelong support. The document reviews signs and symptoms of ASD based on diagnostic criteria, issues around screening and diagnosis at different ages, risk factors and causes, available treatments and their effectiveness, transitions individuals face, and recommendations for clinicians in assisting families.
Returning genetic research results in neurodevelopmental disorders: report an...KBHN KT
This report originated from discussions at the Annual Brain Development Conference in
late 2013 between researchers in the Neuroethics Core and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Project of NeuroDevNet. Discussants felt that return of research results is a pertinent
issue but that researchers are missing a comprehensive picture of the recommendations,
approaches and empirical data related to the return of research results in genetics studies
in children, in neurodevelopmental disorders, and specifically in autism.
This report provides an overview of recent genetic studies of autism spectrum disorder
(ASD), and reviews the ethical guidance (policies and peer-reviewed literature) and
best practices on the return of individual research results in adult and pediatric genetic
research. We focus on this case because of the wealth of genetic research being
carried out in families and cohorts to explain the etiology of ASD and because there is a
burgeoning literature on parental perspectives on the return of results in this case. The
empirical perspectives are collected and summarized and provide context with regard to
researcher and parent perspectives on the return of genetic results in ASD studies.
We conclude by making recommendations about the return of both incidental and
ASD-related findings and highlight issues that merit further discussion, including the
role of the child or adolescent with developmental disability in decision-making, and
the importance of risk communication. We believe that the report will be of use not only
for those working in the area of ASD but more broadly in the field of pediatric genetic
research and neurodevelopmental disorder research. For example, the publication of new
evidence showing that genetic alterations play an important role in the etiology of cerebral
palsy in some children means that genetic research may becoming increasingly common
in other areas of the study of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Classification Based on Deep Learnin...OKOKPROJECTS
https://okokprojects.com/
IEEE PROJECTS 2023-2024 TITLE LIST
WhatsApp : +91-8144199666
From Our Title List the Cost will be,
Mail Us: okokprojects@gmail.com
Website: : https://www.okokprojects.com
: http://www.ieeeproject.net
Support Including Packages
=======================
* Complete Source Code
* Complete Documentation
* Complete Presentation Slides
* Flow Diagram
* Database File
* Screenshots
* Execution Procedure
* Video Tutorials
* Supporting Softwares
Support Specialization
=======================
* 24/7 Support
* Ticketing System
* Voice Conference
* Video On Demand
* Remote Connectivity
* Document Customization
* Live Chat Support
This document discusses biomarkers for epileptogenesis and the challenges in developing clinically useful biomarkers to predict epilepsy risk, progression, and treatment response. It notes that while many potential biomarkers have been identified in preclinical studies, none have translated to clinical use. Some key challenges include the long timescales between injury and seizures, heterogeneity of epilepsy types and patients, and a focus on retrospective studies in refractory epilepsy patients rather than prospective validation. The document argues that combinatorial biomarkers analyzing multiple mechanisms may be more promising than single biomarkers, and that biomarkers should be validated as direct measures of patient outcomes rather than relying solely on seizure occurrence.
POWER SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF EEG AS A POTENTIAL MARKER IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SPAS...ijbesjournal
The detection and diagnosis of various neurological disorders are performed using different medical
devices among which electroencephalogram (EEG) is one of the most cost effective technique. Though
significant progress had been made in the analysis of EEG for diagnosis of different neurological
disorders, yet detection of cerebral palsy (CP) is not quite clear. This study was performed to analyze the
EEG power spectrum density (PSD) of spastic CP and normal children to find if any significant EEG
patterns could be used for early detection of CP. Twenty children participated in this study out of which ten
were spastic CP and other ten were normal healthy children. EEG of all the participants was recorded
from C3 C4 and F3 F4 regions following montage 10-20 system. The artifact-free EEG signals of 15
minutes duration was extracted for spectral analysis using Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) algorithm
in MATLAB and power density spectrum (PSD) was plotted. The PSD revealed high intensity power peak
at frequency of 50Hz and smaller at 100 Hz, which was consistent for all healthy subjects. In case of
spastic CP children, high intensity peak at 100Hz were prominent and smaller peak was observed at 50Hz.
The high intensity 100Hz peak observed in the PSD of spastic CP patients demonstrated that this tool can
be used for early detection of spastic CP.
This study examined patterns of cortical activity using four different EEG testing protocols: an extended 8-minute baseline with alternating eyes open and closed, viewing a 10-minute dyadic social interaction video, and completing a personality survey. The protocols elicited different levels of activity in the alpha band and theta/beta ratio. Specifically, all protocols differed significantly in alpha activity, and the three eyes-open conditions still differed when just compared to each other. This suggests protocol design impacts EEG results and more representative real-world designs should be explored.
Similar to EIS Technology: New marker using bioimpedance technology in screening for ADHD (20)
This document describes several physiologic data collection products from LD Products including a galvanic skin response device, body composition analyzer, and photoelectrical plethysmography device. It also discusses software for data interpretation and management, as well as telemedicine services. The ES Complex combines multiple technologies into a single device for measuring parameters like heart rate, blood oxygen levels, pulse analysis, and body composition. It enables early diagnosis and management of conditions like metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease through non-invasive screening tests.
EIS Technology: bioimpedance chronoamperometry in adjunct to screen the prost...ES-Teck India
Through the 6 tactile electrodes, a weak DC current is sending alternatively between 2 electrodes with a sequence and the EIS system is recording the electrical conductance of 11 pathways of the human body.
The study analyzed arterial pulse recordings from 1,005 subjects aged 2-91 years using a new tonometry technique. Three main findings were observed with increasing age: (1) pulse amplitude increased in all artery sites, (2) diastolic decay steepened and diastolic waves diminished, (3) carotid pulses showed a merging of two systolic peaks. These changes reflect increased arterial stiffness and earlier wave reflections with age.
The document summarizes a research article that examines the relationship between parameters derived from the second derivative of finger photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals and pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness. The study found low but significant correlations between the PPG parameters and PWV. While the measures provide related information on arterial properties, they are not equivalent since PWV reflects aortic stiffness passive effects on pressure, while PPG parameters depend on both central and peripheral effects including ventricular ejection. The relationship between PPG and PWV is complex due to different underlying mechanisms assessed and potential sources of error in the non-invasive techniques.
This document provides an overview of pulse oximetry and the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve. It defines a pulse oximeter, describes how it works by measuring oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin using light wavelengths, and notes that a normal oxygen saturation level is above 95%. The document also discusses the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and how shifts can occur, changing the relationship between oxygen in the blood and hemoglobin saturation. Common uses of pulse oximetry and potential limitations/interferences are outlined.
Photoplethysmographic assessment of pulse wave reflection: Blunted response to mellitus -adrenergic vasodilation in type II diabetes 2
endothelium-dependent beta
Comparison of Invasive vs Noninvasive Pulse Wave Indices in Detection of Signifi cant Coronary Artery Disease: Can We Use Noninvasive Pulse Wave Indices as Screening Test
1. Pulse wave analysis in historical times was an important part of medical examination but fell out of favor with the introduction of the cuff sphygmomanometer.
2. Modern pulse wave analysis is regaining favor as limitations of the cuff are recognized. Accurate recording and analysis of the arterial pulse is now possible through high-fidelity tonometry and understanding of arterial hemodynamics.
3. Analysis of pulse waveforms can provide clinically important information about ventricular-vascular interaction and disease states like hypertension that was previously only available through invasive methods.
Noninvasive Cardiac Output Estimation Using a Novel
Photoplethysmogram Index
31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, September 2-6, 2009
Guidelines heart rate_variability_ft_1996[1]ES-Teck India
Guidelines
Heart rate variability
Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and
clinical use
Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American
Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (Membership of the Task Force listed in
the Appendix)
Hypertension:Volume 32(2)August 1998pp 365-370
Assessment of Vasoactive Agents and Vascular Aging by the Second Derivative of
Photoplethysmogram Waveform
[Third Workshop On Structure And Function Of Large Arteries: Part Ii]
The document discusses pulse oximetry and oxygen saturation.
[1] A pulse oximeter uses light to determine the percentage of hemoglobin in blood that is saturated with oxygen (SpO2). It also measures pulse rate.
[2] Oxygen is brought into the lungs and transfers to blood in lung capillaries. It is transported throughout the body bound to hemoglobin in red blood cells.
[3] Oxygen saturation measured by a pulse oximeter (SpO2) indicates if sufficient oxygen is being supplied to tissues. Monitoring SpO2 can help assess disease severity and determine need for treatment.
Cerebral Perfusion Response
to Successful Treatment of
Depression With Different
Serotoninergic Agents with antidepressant therapy have been reported in a number of studies.2–4 In contrast, decreases in the ventral anterior cingulate blood flow were found in response to desipramine,5 electroshock therapy,6 and flu-7
This study examined the effects of intracisternally injected serotonin on cerebral blood flow and systemic pressure in cats during winter and summer months. The researchers found that serotonin produced decreases in cerebral blood flow and systemic pressure lasting 60 to 180 minutes after injection. The decreases in blood flow were significantly greater in winter than summer, but decreases in systemic pressure were not different between seasons. Cats exposed to 3 days of darkness before serotonin injection experienced greater decreases in blood flow compared to light-exposed cats, while systemic pressure changes were similar. The findings suggest the photoperiod may affect the sensitivity of cerebral vessels to serotonin in cats.
The role of antioxidant supplement in immune system, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative disorders: a point of view for an assessment
of the risk/benefit profile. Nutritional Journal
Effects of dopamine on
posttraumatic cerebral blood flow, brain edema, and cerebrospinal fluid
glutamate and hypoxanthine concentrations. Critical Care Medicine,
28(12):3792-3798.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.comreignlana06
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
2. Caudal Dovepress
comorbid oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder.1 diagnosed with ADHD and a control group. The comparison
It is likely that different neurotransmitter systems and the was clinical and did not take into account comorbidity.
relative balance between them have varying degrees of
influence over these behavioral dimensions.2 Variations in Materials and methods
genes involved in these neurotransmitter systems are likely This study was approved by the regional ethics committee,
to mediate this delicate balance and have an effect on the and adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of
function of these chemicals in the brain.2 Helsinki. Each patient’s parent (in view of the age of the
A central premise in the catecholamine hypothesis3 subjects) signed an informed consent form, and confidential-
of ADHD is that dopamine dysfunction leads to clinical ity was maintained for all participants.
symptoms. The theory, however, overlooks the phenotypic
complexity of the disorder and the possible interactions subjects
between the dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmit- The study included 112 children aged 3–18 years. Children
ter systems.4–7 were excluded: if their parent had a neurological disorder
Diagnostic criteria for ADHD children are defined by precluding the ability to sign a consent form; if, in the opin-
the American Association of Psychiatry in the Diagnostic ion of the investigator, a child was clinically unsuitable as
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Text Revision; a candidate for the trial; and/or if there were any contrain-
DSM-IV-TR® (DSM-IV).8 dications to use of the EIS system. Use of the EIS system is
Questionnaires are also used for parents and children to contraindicated in the presence of an external defibrillator;
learn as much as possible about the situation.8 skin lesions likely to come into contact with the electrodes;
Additional procedures are also now used, including: excessive perspiration; any implanted electronic device;
• electroencephalography inability to remain still for three minutes; metallic pins or
• axial tomography (cerebral scan) prostheses in digits or joints; or absence of a limb.
• T2 relaxometry. Fifty-two children diagnosed with ADHD following psy-
Diagnosis of ADHD children is not straightforward chiatric examination and 60 children without any symptoms
and misdiagnosis may occur, which leads to the possibility of ADHD, underwent an examination with the EIS system.
of error in treatment, with numerous possible side effects The composition of the two groups was:
that could be especially damaging in view of the age of the • Group 1: 60 children assumed to be non-ADHD, showing
population. no symptoms of the condition and not undergoing any
The last consideration arises, in part, from the clinical treatment (mean age: 8.7 years; 27 females).
efficacy of methylphenidate medication (Ritalin®; Novartis • Group 2: 52 children diagnosed with ADHD according to
International AG, Basel, Switzerland), as well as evidence the DSM-IV and further examinations, and not undergo-
from brain imaging studies that suggest reduced activity in ing any treatment (mean age: 8 years; 14 females).
frontal-striatal regions.9
Bioimpedance is the response of living tissue to externally Materials
applied electric current, and it has been shown that applying The Electro Interstitial Scan system (LD Technology, Miami,
electric current is a safe technique when used in a number of FL) is a programmable electromedical system comprising
biomedical applications. a universal serial bus (USB) plug and hardware including
One explanation as to why conductivity increases in the an interface box, disposable electrodes, reusable plates,
forehead pathway of ADHD children could be related to and reusable cables, with software installed on a computer.
reduced activity in the frontal-striatal regions and altered The system uses bioimpedance in bipolar mode with direct
cerebral blood flow as shown from brain imaging studies.9 current, and measures the electrical conductivity of eleven
A second explanation as to why conductivity increases pathways of the body through six tactile electrodes placed
could be related to the detection of hypoxia/ischemia, as symmetrically on the palms of the hands, soles of the feet,
suggested by Seoane et al, who used bioimpedance to detect and on the forehead. Each pathway is recorded twice from
hypoxia in the perinatal brain.10 anode to cathode and then from cathode to anode. Electrode
The objective of this study was to compare conductivity polarization does not affect the bioimpedance measurement,11
measurements in the pathways between forehead electrodes and transmission of the current from the electrode to the
using electro interstitial scans (EIS) in a group conventionally hardware is performed by chronoamperometry.12
114 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2011:4
Dovepress
3. Dovepress new marker in screening for ADhD in children
With direct current, the plasma membrane acts as an tion, degrees of freedom, t value and the significance of the
insulator and the current is not able to penetrate the cell, so test (P value). The findings in Table 1 indicate that the mean
most of the current flows around the cell and, therefore, in of the conductivity measurements of two pathways between
the interstitial fluid.10 Analysis of the direct current at the the forehead electrodes (from left forehead to right forehead
cathode and anode in electrolytic solution is performed at and from right forehead to left forehead) in the ADHD
both the anode and the cathode.11 group was 33.11 micro Siemens (mS) (range 2–113 mS).
The electrochemical reaction at the cathode is: This was significantly higher (P , 0.001) than mean of the
conductivity measurements of two pathways between the
2H2O + 2e → H2(gas) + 2 OH– (base)
forehead electrodes of the control group (2.75 mS, range
The electrochemical reaction for water at the anode is: 1.75–27.4 mS).
2H2O → O2 (gas) + 4H+ + 4e– (acid) In terms of the ROC results, comparing the two groups
using the reference of the mean of conductivity measure-
statistical analysis ments of two pathways between the forehead electrodes, the
Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc® sta- test showed a specificity of 98% and sensitivity of 80% and
tistical software (MedCalc Software bvba, Mariakerke, P = 0.0001 (95% confidence interval) with a cutoff value at
Belgium).13 7.4 mS (Figure 1).
Statistical analysis was conducted between the two groups
using independent sample t-tests and receiver-operating Discussion
characteristic curves (ROCs) to determine the specificity ADHD is a complex and heterogeneous disorder that is
and sensitivity of detection of ADHD children with the EIS characterized not only by cognitive deficits but also by
data. Independent sample t-tests and ROCs were constructed affective dysfunctions, both motivational and emotional.16,17
for the conductivity measurements of the pathway of the Nevertheless, the neural bases of affective dysfunctions have
forehead electrodes for Groups 1 and 2. barely been explored in relation to this disorder, in contrast
to extensive research that has examined the neural correlates
Determination of the sample size of its main cognitive deficits (attention, response inhibition,
According to the previous studies related to the EIS and working memory). The diagnostic criteria to classify
system14,15 the number of patients needed for the study was children and adolescents as having ADHD are the classic
calculated to be 100 on the basis of α = 5%, at 80% power, symptoms listed in the DSM-IV.8 However, today these
taking into account the judgment criteria ∆ at approximately criteria are challenged due to the many errors of diagnosis
100 (5% error). A P value of ,0.05 was accepted as being and new forms of diagnosis are being considered.18 For this
statistically significant. reason, a tool that is easy to use, fast, and cost-effective and
that could provide a new marker is warranted as an adjunct
Results to the conventional diagnosis and treatment monitoring of
To determine the differences between ADHD and the con- ADHD children. It is well-known that a child with ADHD
trol group in the conductivity values of the pathway of the who benefits from treatment and adequate supervision can
forehead electrodes, comparison of the means via indepen- blossom and follow a normal path in school.
dent sample t-test was conducted. Table 1 presents the t-test US researchers have published a study9 on children suf-
results for conductivity scores in the ADHD group and the fering from ADHD, using functional magnetic resonance.
control group. It shows the number of measurements per T2 relaxometry shows anomalies at the level of the putamen,
group used in the analysis, the means, the standard devia- the cerebral structure implicated in the regulation of motor
behavior.18,19
Currently, studies are looking at the role of genes in the
Table 1 independent sample T-test for forehead pathways hyperkinetic syndrome. Researchers are primarily studying
between ADhD and control groups
the relation that may exist between genetic deficits, attention
N Mean SD DF T P-value
problems, and hyperactivity. There may be a genetic predis-
ADhD 104 33.11 3.8 224 2.48 0.000
position to this hyperactive syndrome.20–23
Control 120 2.75 2
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; SD, standard deviation;
However, these techniques using magnetic resonance and
DF, degrees of freedom. genetic tests are expensive, require qualified personnel to
Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2011:4 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com
115
Dovepress
4. Caudal Dovepress
Conductivity Variable Conductivity
Classification variable Diagnosis
Sample size 202
80
Sensitivity
Positive group: Diagnosis = 1 80
Negative group: Diagnosis = 0 122
Disease prevalence (%) 39.6
40
Area under the ROC curve (AUC) 0.876
Standard errora 0.0305
95% confidence intervalb 0.823 to 0.918
0 z statistic 12.349
0 60 Significance level P (Area = 0.5) <0.001
a
DeLong et al 198824
100-Specificity b
Binomial exact
Figure 1 Receiver-operating characteristic curve comparing the conductivity value measurements of the forehead pathway for the ADhD group and non-ADhD group.
Abbreviations: ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AUC, area under the curve; ROC, receiver-operating characteristic curve.
perform, and cannot be used on a large scale or in treatment 4. Gainetdinov RR, Wetsel WC, Jones SR, Levin ED, Jaber M, Caron MG.
Role of serotonin in the paradoxical calming effect of psychostimulants
follow-ups. on hyperactivity. Science. 1999;283(5400):397–401.
Heart-rate variability and galvanic skin response devices 5. Waldman ID, Rowe DC, Abramowitz A, et al. Association and linkage
have also been tested as methods of detecting ADHD in of the dopamine transporter gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity
disorder in children: heterogeneity owing to diagnostic subtype and
children,25–28 but they do not provide adequate specificity, severity. Am J Hum Genet. 1998;63(6):1767–1776.
sensitivity, or cutoff. 6. Jucaite A, Fernell E, Halldin C, Forssberg H, Farde L. Reduced midbrain
dopamine transporter binding in male adolescents with attention-deficit/
hyperactivity disorder: association between striatal dopamine markers
Conclusion and motor hyperactivity. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(3):229–238.
7. Kapur S, Remington G. Serotonin-dopamine interaction and its rel-
The EIS marker related to the conductivity measurement of the evance to schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153(4):466–476.
forehead pathway has a high specificity and high sensitivity 8. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders: Text Revision; DSM-IV-TR®. 4th ed. Arlington,
and use of this could provide practitioners with a noninvasive,
VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.
low-cost, and easy-to-use system, which could offer an adjunct 9. Teicher MH, Anderson CM, Polcari A, Glod CA, Maas LC, Renshaw PF.
to the conventional diagnosis of ADHD in children, be used in Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with attention-deficit/
hyperactivity disorder shown with functional magnetic resonance
treatment monitoring, and could allow for earlier intervention. imagery relaxometry. Nat Med. 2000;6(4):470–473.
Longitudinal studies are under way to confirm these findings. 10. Seoane F, Lindecrantz K, Olsson T, Kjellmer I, Flisberg A,
Bågenholm R. Spectroscopy study of the dynamics of the transenceph-
The object of this study was to identify a measurable marker
alic electrical impedance in the perinatal brain during hypoxia. Physiol
to assist in the conventional diagnosis of ADHD in children. Meas. 2005;26(5):849–863.
Diagnosis of ADHD in children cannot be made solely with this 11. Grimmes S, Martinsen ØG. Electrolytics in Bioimpedance and
Bioelectricity Basics. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000.
marker. The marker may be useful for the diagnosis of ADHD, 12. Cottrell FG. Application of the Cottrell equation to chronoamperometry.
but additional validation using greater numbers of affected and Z Physik Chem. 1902;42:385.
13. MedCalc. Statisical literature [web page on the Internet]. Mariakerke:
control subjects is needed to confirm its usefulness.
MedCalc Software; 2011 [updated 2011 Jun]. Available from: http://
www.medcalc.org/literature.php. Accessed July 26, 2011.
Disclosure 14. De Abreu DS. Bioimpedance and chronoamperometry as an adjunct
to prostate-specific antigen screening for prostate cancer. Cancer
This study was not sponsored and the author reports no Manag Res. 2011;3:109–116.
conflicts of interest in this work. 15. Alexeev VG, Kuznecova LV Bioimpedance in monitoring of effects
.
of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Psychol Res Behav
Manag. 2011;4:81–86.
References 16. Martel MM. Research review: a new perspective on attention-deficit/
1. National Institute of Mental Health. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity hyperactivity disorder: emotion dysregulation and trait models. J Child
Disorder (ADHD). Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2008. Psychol Psychiatry. 2009;50(9):1042–1051.
Available from: http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm. Accessed 17. Nigg JT, Casey BJ. An integrative theory of attention deficit/hyperac-
July 26, 2011. tivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences. Dev
2. Kelland MD, Chiodo LA. Serotonergic modulation of midbrain dopamine Psychopathol. 2005;17(3):785–806.
systems. In: Ashby CR Jr, editors. The Modulation of Dopaminergic 18. The MTA Cooperative Group. A 14-month randomized clinical trial of
Neurotransmission by Other Neurotransmitters. Boca Raton, FL: CRC treatment strategies for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Archives
Press; 1996:87–122. of General Psychiatry. 1999;56(12):1073–1086.
3. Spivak B, Vered Y, Yoran-Hegesh R, et al. Circulatory levels of cat- 19. Brunner D, Buhot MC, Hen R, Hofer M. Anxiety, motor activation, and
echolamines, serotonin and lipids in attention deficit hyperactivity maternal-infant interactions in 5HT1B knockout mice. Behav Neurosci.
disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1999;99(4):300–304. 1999;113(3):587–601.
116 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2011:4
Dovepress
5. Dovepress new marker in screening for ADhD in children
20. Khan SA, Faraone SV. The genetics of ADHD: a literature review of 25. DeLong ER, DeLong DM, Clarke-Pearson DL. Comparing the areas
2005. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006;8(5):393–397. under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves:
21. Pine DS, Coplan JD, Wasserman GA, et al. Neuroendocrine response to a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 1988;44:837–845.
fenfluramine challenge in boys. Associations with aggressive behavior 26. Tonhajzerova I, Ondrejka I, Adamik P, et al. Changes in the cardiac
and adverse rearing. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1997;54(9):839–846. autonomic regulation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity
22. Reuter M, Kirsch P, Hennig J. Inferring candidate genes for attention disorder. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130(1):44–50.
deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed by the World Health 27. Luman M, Oosterlaan J, Hyde C, van Meel CS, Sergeant JA. Heart rate
Organization adult ADHD self-report scale (ASRS). J Neural Transm. and reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry.
2006;113(7):929–938. 2007;48(9):890–898.
23. Sonuga-Barke EJ. Causal models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity 28. Börger N, van Der Meere J, Ronner A, Alberts E, Geuze R,
disorder: from common simple deficits to multiple developmental Bogte H. Heart rate variability and sustained attention in ADHD children.
pathways. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(11):1231–1238. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1999;27(1):25–33.
24. Desman C, Petermann F, Hampel P. Deficit in response inhibition in
children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): impact
of motivation? Child Neuropsychol. 2008;14(6):483–503.
Psychology Research and Behavior Management Dovepress
Publish your work in this journal
Psychology Research and Behavior Management is an international, peer- modification & management; Clinical applications; Business & sports
reviewed, open access journal focusing on the science of psychology and performance management; Social and developmental studies; Animal
its application in behavior management to develop improved outcomes studies. The manuscript management system is completely online and
in the clinical, educational, sports and business arenas. Specific topics includes a quick and fair peer-review system. Visit http://www.dovepress.
covered include: Neuroscience, memory & decision making; Behavior com/testimonials.php to read real quotes from published authors.
Submit your manuscript here: http://www.dovepress.com/psychology-research-and-behavior-management-journal
Psychology Research and Behavior Management 2011:4 submit your manuscript | www.dovepress.com
117
Dovepress