artificial lighting in Eifflel tower

1. CASE STUDY
EIFFEL TOWER
TOPIC: ARTIFIIAL LIGHTING
ART &DESIGN
CLASS: 2-C
1. JYOTI RAUTELA
2. NIYANTA GUPTA
3. NITISH VARSHNEY
4. PRAGYA GOEL
5. SAHIL MANGLANI
6. SONALI JAIN

2. EVERY EVENING, THE EIFFEL TOWER IS ADORNED WITH ITS
GOLDEN COVERING AND SPARKLES FOR 5 MINUTES
EVERY HOUR , WHILE ITS BEACON SHINES OVER PARIS.
• INITIALLY, THE EIFFEL TOWER WAS LIGHTED BY GAS, HAVING SOME
10,000 GAS STREET LAMPS LIGHTING THE TOWER AND PLATFORMS.
• THIS WAS UPGRADED TO ELECTRICAL LIGHTING, USING 3,200
LAMPS, FOR THE UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION OF 1900.
• SINCE THEN, THE TOWER'S LIGHTING HAS BEEN ENHANCED
PERIODICALLY
THE GOLDEN LIGHTING DATES FROM 1985
• 252 YELLOW-ORANGE SODIUM TINTED LAMPS WERE INSTALLED IN
1985.
• THIS FORM OF ILLUMINATION, WHICH HAS BEEN MET WITH
UNANIMOUS, WORLDWIDE SUCCESS, WAS THE STARTING POINT OF
A NOCTURNAL REVIVAL OF MONUMENTS, IN PARIS AS WELL AS IN
THE CITIES OF FRANCE AND THE WORLD.
• THE BEAMS OF LIGHT, DIRECTED FROM THE BOTTOM TOWARDS THE
TOP, ILLUMINATE THE EIFFEL TOWER FROM THE INSIDE OF ITS
STRUCTURE.
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3. THE BEACON AND SPARKLES FOR THE
"COUNTDOWN TO THE YEAR 2000"
• THE BEACON, SENDING OUT TWO LIGHT BEAMS
WITH A REACH OF 80 KILOMETRES, IS COMPOSED
OF 4 "MARINE" MOTORISED PROJECTORS.
• THEY ARE OPERATED BY AUTOMATICALLY
PILOTED COMPUTER PROGRAMS. SINCE THEIR
ROTATION SWEEP IS 90°, THEY ARE SYNCHRONIZED
TO FORM A DOUBLE BEAM IN A CROSS THAT
PIVOTS AROUND 360°.
• THE XENON 6000 WATT LAMPS WERE CHOSEN FOR
THEIR LONGEVITY, AROUND 1,200 HOURS. THE
LAMPS ARE COOLED TO PREVENT OVERHEATING
AND A HEATING SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED WHEN THE
TEMPERATURES DROP BELOW ZERO CENTIGRADE
WHILST THE LIGHTS ARE OFF.
• THIS BEACON RESONATES THE IMAGE OF GUSTAVE
EIFFEL'S TOWER ITSELF AS A UNIVERSAL AND
SYMBOLIC LANDMARK.
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4. THE SPARKLING LIGHTS
• THEY ARE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE GOLDEN
LIGHTING.
• MADE UP OF 20,000 LIGHT BULBS (5,000 PER SIDE),
THEY BRING THE MONUMENT TO LIFE FOR 5
MINUTES EVERY HOUR ON THE HOUR ONCE THE
TOWER HAS BEEN LIT UP UNTIL 1A.M.
THE GLITTERING LIGHT INSTALLATION OF THE YEAR
2000 WAS NOT MADE TO LAST AND WAS REPLACED IN
JUNE 2003 BY ANOTHER LIGHTING INSTALLATION
MEANT TO WEATHER A PERIOD OF 10 YEARS.
INSTALLING THE LIGHTS IS ABOUT AS IMPRESSIVE AS
THE LIGHTING ITSELF :
• 25 MOUNTAIN CLIMBERS FOR THE 5 MONTH
INSTALLATION ;
• 20,000 SPECIAL LIGHT BULBS (5,000 PER SIDE)
ATTACHED ONE AT A TIME ;
• 40 KILOMETERS OF STRINGS OF LIGHT AND
ELECTRICAL CORDS ;
• 40,000 JOINTS AND 80,000 VARIOUS METALLIC
PARTS WEIGHING 60 TONS ;
• 230 ENCLOSED LIGHTING FIXTURES AND
ELECTRICAL BOXES ;
• 10,000 M² OF SAFETY NETS ;
• 120 KILOWATTS OF POWER ;
• BUDGET TOTAL: 4.55 MILLION EUROS HT
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