Eia lucky electric power company 660 mw coal power project

Final Report
660 MW COAL FIRED POWER PLANT
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study

Disclaimer:
This report has Attorney – Client Privilege. EMC Pakistan Pvt. Ltd has prepared this report in accordance
with the instructions of (Project Proponent) Lucky Electric Power Company Limited for their sole and
specific use. Any other person(s) who use any information contained herein do so at their own risk. This
report cannot be used in the court of law for any negotiation or standardization.
© EMC Pakistan Pvt. Ltd. 2015

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Environmental Impact Assessment for 660 MW Coal Power Project (Final Report)
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Pakistan faces a number of critical challenges in energy sector such as energy and power resource
deficit, power shortages, and a greater dependency on imported oil to meet the energy demand-
supplygap.Thedemandforelectricitycurrentlyoutstripssupply.Inadequategeneration,transmission,
anddistribution,aswellastheinefficientuseofelectricity,leadtoshortagesof12-20hours,particularly
at peak times. Realizing these challenges, the governments of Sindh & Pakistan are focusing on the
huge potential of developing indigenous coal resources on fast-track basis and put coal based power
asamajorportioninoverallenergymix.
The National Energy Policy 2013 requires development of strategy to i) ensure the generation of
inexpensiveandaffordableelectricityfordomestic,commercial,andindustrialusebyusingindigenous
resourcessuch ascoal(Thar coal)and hydelpower, ii)addressthe key challengesof the power sector
in order to provide much needed relief to the citizens of Pakistan, and iii) shift Pakistan’s energy mix
towardscheaperfueland conservationof gasforpower.
In order to contribute towards meeting Pakistan’s growing electricity demand, Lucky Electric Power
Company Limited (LEPCL) proposes constructing a 1 x 660 MW coal based power station near Port
Qasim Karachi. LEPCL has acquired 250 acres of land from the Sindh Board of Revenue for the
establishmentoftheproposedpowerplant.CoalforthepowerplantwillbeimportedfromIndonesia,
South Africa, and/or Australia. The preferred option for imported coal is the under-construction
Pakistan International Bulk Terminal (PIBT) at Port Qasim. The terminal is expected to be operational
by2016.
FigureEX-1:Locationof LECPPSite
ThisEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)servesasusefultoolinpredictionofpotentialimpactson
thesurroundingenvironmentduetodevelopmentalproject.Itwillhelptheprojectproponent,impact
assessment authorities, regulatory agencies and other stakeholders in understanding the project and
mitigation measures, environmental impact and establishing emission requirements and other

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measuresearlyinthe project cycle.Thisreport describesthe project location,baseline environmental
scenario, potential impacts of the project on the environment and proposed measures for effective
environment management(EMaP &EMoP)duringtheproject cycle.
ThebasicdesignparametersforthesearelistedinTable EX-1:
TableEX-1:BasicDesignParametersofLECPP
Parameter Value
ThermalCycleInformation-GrossCapacity
660MW(approximately)atannualaverage
conditionswithturbinemax.continuousrating
(TMCR)
ThermalCycleInformation-NetCapacity
607.2MW(target)atannualaverageconditions
TMCR
NetPlantHeatRate 2,224kcal/kWhatannualaverageconditionsTMCR
MainSteamFlow 1,993,500kg/h,4,394,918lb/hr
MainSteamPressure 242bar,3,509psi
MainSteamTemperature 566°C,1,050°F
HotReheatFlow 1,623,420kg/h,3,597,031lb/hr
HotReheatPressure 42.63bar,618psi
HotReheatTemperature 566°C,1,050°F
ColdReheatFlow 1,623,420kg/h,3,597,031lb/hr
ColdReheatPressure 47.36bar,686.7psi
ColdReheatTemperature 325.8°C,618°F
FeedwaterPressure 291.1bar,4,221psiatpumpdischarge
CoalBurnRate 269t/hforthedesigncoal,100%load
WaterFlowto thePlant 82,000m3
/h
CirculatingWaterFlow 78,000m3
/htocondenserandclosedcooling
CirculatingWaterTemperatureRisein
Condenser
8.5°C,15.3°F
CirculatingWaterTemperatureRiseTotal
CondenserandSeawaterFGD
9°Cat34%scrubbing
SeaWaterFlowtoDesalinationSystem 600m3
/h
WasteWaterFlow 12m3
/h
PotableWaterSupplytoPlant&Colony 15m3
/h
Theboilerisasupercritical,balanceddraft,outdoor,coal-fireddesign,andLowNOxburner,pulverized
coalwithfrontorrearortiltingtangentialfiringdesignsuitableforoperationatthesuper-criticalsteam
conditions. The boiler will be equipped with regenerative type air heaters, 2x50% adjustable moving-
bladeaxial-flowPAfansforFDand2x50%adjustablestationary-bladeaxial-flowfansforID.Thedesign
oftheairheaters,fansandassociatedboilerauxiliarieswillbeprovidedwithadequatemarginstoavoid
limitingthecapabilityofthePlanttoachievefullratedoutputthroughoutthedesignlifeoftheFacility.
Steamsootblowerswillbeprovidedtosupportthecleaningoperationoftheboilertoallowcontinuous
fullloadoperationwiththeworstcasefuelcharacteristics.Thefurnacewillbeequippedwithwallsoot
blowers and long retractable soot blowers for the superheater, reheater and economizer areas. The
air heaters willhave fixed lance type soot blower units.The boiler maximum continuous ratingwillbe
designed with the inclusion of auxiliary steam flow. The boiler will have a suitable number of duty
medium speed coal mill groups which allows the firingof performance coal at BMCR conditions, with
one spare mill group acts as standby. The boiler exit flue gas will pass through an electrostatic

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precipitator and the SWFGD plant prior to entry into the stack, but the electrostatic precipitator and
SWFGDplantwillhavebypasssysteminorderforemergencycondition.
There are currently over 400 supercritical units in operation in the United States, Europe, Korea, and
Japan and a few in the developing countries. The European, Japanese, and, recently, the Chinese
suppliers have standardized on supercritical designs for units larger than 600 MW. Due to renewed
interest in large coal-firedplantsinthe United States,the American suppliershave revived the debate
over subcritical versus supercritical steam cycles. Most recent coal plants now under design and
constructionaresupercritical.
ThecoastalmeteorologyandhydrographyofKarachiiscontrolledbytheseasonalchangeinthenorth
Arabian Sea viz. monsoon system. The data collected for a number of studies along the Karachi coast
show the influence of NE and SW monsoon winds. The meteorological conditions in the area around
Port Qasim are characterized by generally hot and relatively humid conditions especially in the
summers(ApriltoOctober)whentheprevailingwindisfromthesouthwest.Thesouthwestmonsoon
bringshumidairinfromthesea,buttherainfallisgenerallyverylowwithnearly80%ofthe265mmof
rainfallingfrom JulytoSeptember.Rainfall,whenitdoescome isoftentorrentialcausingproblemsof
drainageanderosionofthelightandsparselyvegetated land.
ThewintersareshortandmildfromDecembertomid-Februarywiththeprevailingwindcomingfrom
the northeast with very little rainfall. The most important characteristics of the prevailing
meteorological conditions are the generally high dusty conditions as a result of the aridity of the
surrounding area; dust storms occur especially during the summer as well as winter monsoons. The
higher winds during the south west monsoon tend to carry any air-borne contaminant inland during
the summermonths.In winterthe windstendtobe lighttomoderateinintensity.
TheproposedCPPsitelocatedinthecoastalzonehasarelativelymildclimate,characterizedbydry,hot
and humid conditions. There is minor seasonal intervention of a mild winter from mid-December to
mid-Februaryintoa longhot andhumid summerextendingfromAprilto mid-September.
Sea water samples collected from Lath Basti had lower SAR~65 but TDS ~38700 at 26 and 28oC, pH
7.44 and 7.58, and DO~4.0 showing dilution with wastewater discharges from the surrounding. The
samplesfromboreholesshowcharacteristicsofgroundwaterhavinghigherproportionsofsodiumand
chloride ions. The water supply samples with SAR above 1.2 show characteristics of fresh water
contaminationwithgroundwater.
Wastewater samples collected from Korangi Industrial Area which is the outfall region of Malir River,
hadSARvaluesrangingfrom2.79to5.56;TDSrangingfrom1228to4310;lowDO0.39to0.62andthe
high BOD and COD values in the samples; they are characterized as industrial wastewater mixed with
sewage.Thesewageisinhigherproportionupstreamwhileindustrialeffluentisdominantastheriver
enters its delta area. Seawater intrusion was noted at Malir River/Korangi Industrial Area during high
tide. It was noted that the sample collected from here had SAR 57.68, TDS 22300, DO 0.82 and quite
highBODandCOD,andischaracterizedasseawatercontaminatedwithsewageandindustrialeffluent.
The quality of water samples collected from the Kadiro Creek in front of the proposed site during the
currentEIAstudyispresentedinTable5.5.HereagainitisnotedthattheSeawaterTDSinbothsamples
isatleast10,000mg/Llowerthanwhatisnormalforopenseasandmuchlowerthanthatobservedat
the creeks. The BOD5 is much lower than COD values suggesting that the seawater has been

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contaminated by chemical oxidants or industrial effluents and that the channel is least exposed to
sewageorbiologicalcontaminants.
EMC acquired the services of SUPARCO to study the pollutants concentration levels in ambient air in
themicroenvironmentofprojectsite.Theresultsshowthatambientairconcentrationofallparameters
i.e., SO2, NO2, NO, CO, PM10, PM2.5, SPM and Lead in the area meets Sindh Ambient Air quality
Standards.
The mangrove trees growing 200-300 m away from the creek (seawater) in the land ward direction
showedanoveralldeclineintheheightofthemangroveplantations.
The density of mangrove vegetation was randomly evaluated in an area of 100m2. The trees were
characterized (visualobservations)accordingtothearbitraryheightoftheplants.
 Theheightofmangroveseedlingwerecharacterizedas<0.5m
 Mangrove saplingheight0.5-1.0m
 Shortmangrovestreeswere characterizedashaving1-2 mheight.
 Mediumheightmangrovestreeshadwere characterized ashaving2-3 mheight.
 Highmangrovestreeshadwerecharacterizedashavingmorethan3mheight.
The Shannon Weiner biodiversity Index was undertaken. Both the species diversity and the species
richnessisrelativelypoor.The speciesdiversityrangesfrom 0.69to 0.90 (normalrange is3.0)whereas
the species richness i.e. number of species in each of the community measured between 0.07 at
sample 3 to 0.188 at station 1 (species richness ranges from 0.01 (low) to (1.0) high. It is not unusual,
sincethecreeksare generallyadisturbedarea.
The ecology of the two UCs viz. Ibrahim Haidery and Rehri, which are the main constituencies of the
macroenvironment of the proposed project site, has completely changed by having grown from
villagesdominatedmainlybyfishermenuntilthelate1950swithhardly250hutseachscatteredalong
the coast to attain the category of towns with population estimated by the local residents to exceed
50,000. Both of them are now the headquarters for Union Council Administration. Lath Basti and
ChashmaGothhavealsogrownfromvillagestosmalltowns;theyarebothpartofRehriUnionCouncil.
Residents of Ibrahim Haidery and Rehri were traditional fishermen involved in fishing business since
thelastfewcenturies.Theyhavebeenjoinedbyscoresofmigrantsfromcoastalvillagesandtownslike
Shah Bunder and Keti Bunder on the east and west of Indus Delta respectively and also the
Bangladeshis and Burmese who appeared here as cheap labor. Lath Basti on the other hand is home
fortheJattribe,whoweretraditionallyengagedincattleandcamelfarming.TheJattribehadmigrated
from the interior of Sindh and has been residing at the present site of Lath Basti for the last seven or
eightdecades.JumaGothwithitsRailwayStationandalargeplotofland,designatedtohousetheKCR
displacedpopulation,liesbetweenCattle ColonyandPortQasimEmployeesResidentialarea.
Screeningprocesshasbeenadoptedtoidentifysignificantenvironmentalandsocialaspectsduringthe
pre-construction, construction and operation stages of proposed 1 x 660 MW CPP Project. Based on
the environmental aspects identified for the different stages and during the stakeholder meetings,
mitigation measures have been proposed. Mitigation Measures will have to be adopted in order to
reduce,minimizeorcompensateforthenegativeimpact asfaraspossible.

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The power plant building structure(s) would be reinforced concrete (recommended by UNDP for
Tsunamiaffected areas).ThisrespondstotheTsunamihazardthathasbeen identifiedrecently.
The near shore environment of the project site is characterized by long and narrow creeks, mud flats
and the mangroves forest ecosystems. However, it has been committed by LEPCL that for any
mangrove tree / plant destroyed due to Project activities, five mangrove seedlings / species will be
plantedinanotherpartofthecoast/projectsiteinpresenceofindependentobserverssuchasIUCN-P,
WWF-P and LEPCLshallberesponsibletoprovidenecessarycareuntiltheyreachmaturity.
To avoid adverse impact of the construction activities on the environment, following measures are
proposed:
 The construction contractor will develop a specific Construction Management Plan (CMP) based
ontheCMPincluded intheEMP.TheCMPwillbesubmittedtothe LEPCLforapproval.
 TheCMPwillclearlyidentifyallareasthatwillbeutilizedduringconstruction forvariouspurposes.
Forexample,onaplotplanoftheconstructionsitethefollowingwillbeshown:
o Areasusedfor camp
o Storageareasforrawmaterialandequipment
o Waste yard
o Locationofanypotentiallyhazardousmaterialsuchasoil
o Parkingarea
o Loadingandunloadingofmaterial
o Septictanks
o Safedistancefromwaterfront
Otherkeymitigationmeasuresareasfollows:
 Thenewequipment willbestoredinproperlydemarcatedandidentifiedareas;
 Liftingequipment (cranes)usedfortheequipment willfollowtheprescribedsafetyspecification;
 MaterialSafetyDataSheet(MSDS)forchemicals,ifany,willaccompanytheconsignment. A copy
oftheMSDS willbeavailablenearthe storage areaatalltimes;
 AppropriatePPEswillbeprovidedtotheworkers and it willbeensuredthatthePPEsareused;
 Thestaffwillbeprovided withtraininginuseofPPE;
 Properscaffoldingplatformswillbeprovidedforallworkareaslocatedmorethan1mabovefloor
level;
 First Aid facilities and fire protection devices will be placed in areas where activates will be
performed;
 Earprotection willbeusedifthenoiselevelisabove85dB(A);
 Allconfined spaceswillbeidentified;
 Thetemperatureofthe confined spacewillbeinthehumantolerancerange;
 Artificialandintrinsicallysafe lightingwillbeprovidedintheconfinedspaces;
 Ifthereisariskofgasesorfumesintheconfinedspacetheprovisionsforventilationwillbemade.

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During operation of a thermal power project, the soils within the deposition zone of pollutants may
undergophysico-chemicalchangesduetodepositionofSPM(ashparticles)andwashoutofgases(SOx
and NOx) during the rains.However, the impacts of these are likely to be marginal, as the impacts on
soil due to gaseous emissions from operation of LECPP, are likely to be negligible as the maximum
incrementalPM and SO2 levelsareintherangeof1.3and15.1µg/m3respectively.
The effluents from the plant include the boiler blow down, cooling water and waste water from the
plant.Awatertreatmentplantwillbeconstructedattheplantsitewhichwillensuretheeffluentsmeet
the SEQSlimits.
Themainmodeofairpollutionfromathermalpowerplantispointemission–emissionsfromtheboiler
and the combustion of fuel (HSFO, natural gas and coal) results in the emission of various types of
pollutantsfrom the plant stack. The main pollutantsare Particulate Matter,Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),
and SulphurDioxide(SO2).
The modeling for the proposed LECPP Project was carried out using the US EPA ISCST3 Model. The
modeliscapableofhandlingmultiplesources,includingpoint,volume,areaandopenpitsourcetypes.
However, in the present scope the model was used for point emission (chimney) source type. The
worst incremental24 hourly average GLC value of SO2,NOx,PM10 andPM2.5 from the project at full
operating load with 200 m high stack will be 15.1 μg/m3, 40 μg/m3, 1.3 μg/m3 and 0.85 μg/m3
respectivelyinthedownwindENEdirection(at2.0kmdistance).Theworstincrementalannualaverage
GLC vale of SO2, NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 from the project at full operating load will be 3.6 μg/m3, 9.5
μg/m3,0.4 μg/m3 and 0.2 μg/m3respectivelyin the downwind ENE direction (at 1.0 km distance).The
maximum incremental GLC is superimposed over the maximum baseline ambient air level and the
resultantvaluesareshowninTableEX-2(24-houraverageinμg/m3).The200mtallstackheightswith
high momentum and buoyancy takes the plume above the highest mixing height. 99.98%. PM
emissions are controlled using ESP, SO2 by FGD and NOx by Low NOx burners. This results in lowest
ground levelconcentrationofairpollutantsinthestudyarea.
TableEX-2:IncrementalGLCduetoLECPP
Parameter IncrementalGLC(max) BackgroundLevel SuperimposedValue SindhEQS
SO2 15.1μg/m3
12.06μg/m3
27.16μg/m3
120μg/m3
NOx 40μg/m3
7.89μg/m3
47.39μg/m3
80μg/m3
PM10 1.3μg/m3
70μg/m3
71.3μg/m3
150μg/m3
PM2.5 0.9μg/m3
19.25μg/m3
19.2μg/m3
75μg/m3
Theimpactontheterrestrialecosystemduetooperationofthethermalpowerprojectmayoccurfrom
deposition and absorption of air pollutants on flora and soil surfaces. Deposition of fly ash on leaves
may interrupt gaseousexchangethrough stomatalclogging,therebyaffectingplant growth However,
the impact due to operation of the project is envisaged to be negligible, as incremental ground level
concentration ofPM10 due to emissions from the project is predicted to be 1.3 µg/m3 only. The
predictedmaximumincrementalgroundlevelconcentrationofSO2 duetooperationofprojectis15.1
µg/m3 and maximum ground level concentration of SO2 after operation of the project is predicted as
27.16µg/m3.Thisiswellwithinthe Sindh AmbientAir QualityStandards.
A100meterwidegreenbeltshallbedevelopedallaroundtheprojectandextensiveafforestationshall
be undertaken within main plant, township and ash disposal areas. Such activities would help

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ameliorating the impact and improving the environmental quality of the surrounding area. It is
envisagedthattheplantationinand aroundtheproject site wouldactassinktopollutants.
Themarine ecologicalresourcesincludingthemangrove plants,MBI,fish,crabsand shrimpsmayalso
suffer harm from the coal dust and ash dust generated as a result of project activities. Leakage from
the prospective ash disposal site due to seepage or an accident may release toxic or hazardous
materialsintothecreekwater,negativelyimpactingmarinebiodiversity.
Goodpracticemeasureswillbeadoptedincluding:
 Waste managementmeasuresoutlinedintheWasteManagementPlan.
 MonitoringofliquideffluentsfromProjecttoensuretheymeettheSEQS.
 Monitoringofgaseousemissionsincludingcoalandashdust
 Monitoringtoensurethatthereisnoleakagefromtheashdisposalsite.
Fly ash, bottom ash,and boiler slag are other areas of concern in case of coalfired boiler. Recycling of
ash will be the preferred option for ash disposal. The quantity of ash production from the proposed
Project will depend on the quantity of coal and its ash content. For 5-10% ash content, the ash
productionisestimatedat250,000to500,000tonnes/year.
A review of the utilization of fly ash produced in the coal powered plants in India shows that on an
averagetheutilizationofflyashproducedbythecoalfiredpowerplantsisover50%,withanumberof
plantsachieving100%utilization.InChina,thenearly70%oftheflyashproducedisrecycled.
The flyash collection and disposal system willtransfer particulate collected from the boiler flue gas to
a fly storage silo for unloading into trucks for disposal (transported to lucky cement Karachi). Fly ash
entrained in the boiler flue gas will be collected using a baghouse or electrostatic precipitator. Fly ash
will also be collected throughout the flue gassystem bymeansof ash hoppersat other locationssuch
as the air heaters. The bottom ash handling system will collect, store, and transport bottom ash from
the boiler furnace,economizer hoppers and millreject hoppers.The system will include a submerged
scraperconveyor(SSC)forcollecting,coolingandtransportingthebottomash,aflightconveyorsystem
toconveyeconomizerashtotheSSC,andasluicesystemtoconveymillrejectstotheSSC.Thebottom
ash,millrejectsandeconomizerashwillbetransportedtoaconcretebunkerforremovalbytrucks.
The objectives of Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan are to provide consistent
information and guidance for implementing the management and monitoring measures which will
help achieve compliance with recommendations and conditions specified through the EIA process as
well as to ensure continuous improvement of environmental performance, reduction of negative
impactsandenhancementofpositiveeffectsduringtheconstruction,operationanddecommissioning
ofthefacility.
TheaimsofthisEMMPareto:
 Ensure that all relevant legislations (including national, provincial and local) are complied with
duringallthephases;
 Identify entities that will be responsible for the implementation of the measures and outlines the
functionsandresponsibilities;

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 To propose mechanisms for monitoring compliance & prevent long-term or permanent
environmentaldegradation;
 Ensure that the best management/ industry practices and best available techniques are
incorporated and implemented to minimize potential environmental and social impacts during
eachphase;
 Ensure that the project operation does not result in undue or reasonably avoidable adverse
environmentalimpacts,andthatanypotentialenvironmentalbenefitsareenhanced;
 Enforcethe companypoliciesthroughtraining,supervision,regularreviewsandconsultation;
 Adheretohighstandardsofsafetyand carefortheprotectionoftheEmployeesandpublic.
Screening of potential environmental impacts at the different stages of the Project namely siting,
construction and operation of the proposed 1 x 600 MW Coal Power Plant by Lucky Electric Power
CompanyLimited(LEPCL)leadstothefollowingconclusion:
 Environmental impacts of the proposed Project are localized to the microenvironment of the
activityarea and consequentlyareratedas minororinsignificant.
 Severityofimpactoftheactivitiesisofsmallorder.
 Implementation of recommended mitigation measures and strictly following the environmental
managementplanshallminimizetheimpactofproposedactivities.
The proposed project will create enormous potentiality of economic and social development of the
region.Thepresentelectricitycrisisandrisingelectricitydemandurgeinstallationofnewpowerplant.
It will offerlarge numberof jobopportunityduringitslife time wherethe localpeople willget priority.
The potential benefits of the project will compensate the negative impact if the prescribed EMP is
implemented with honesty. The proposed Project would, on adoption of mitigation measures, have
nosignificantimpactonthemicroenvironmentandmacroenvironmentoftheprojectarea.
This EIA Study finds that the proposed project would fulfil the requirements of sustainable
developmentbybeingsociallyequitable,andeconomicallyviableinimprovingthequalityoflifeforall
citizensofPakistan,withoutalteringthebalanceintheresourcesoftheecosystemoftheregion.
The Studytherefore recommends that the EIA report should be approved with the provision that the
suggested mitigation measures will be adopted and the Environmental Management & Monitoring
Plansshallbefollowedinletterandspirit.

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Table of Contents
1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 PROJECT PROPONENT .........................................................................................................................1
1.2 EIA CONSULTANT.................................................................................................................................3
1.3 THE PROJECT .......................................................................................................................................4
1.4 PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................7
1.4.1 ENERGY RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN ......................................................................................................7
1.4.2 CURRENT ENERGY MIX ........................................................................................................................7
1.4.3 TARGET ENERGY MIX...........................................................................................................................8
1.4.4 PROFILE OF CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION..................................................................................8
1.4.5 CURRENT POWER SUPPLY ...................................................................................................................9
1.4.5.1 ELECTRICITY GENERATION...................................................................................................................9
1.4.5.2 K-ELECTRIC (FORMERLY KESC)...........................................................................................................10
1.4.5.3 NUCLEAR ...........................................................................................................................................10
1.4.6 GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN POLICY, THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, AND THE ENERGY SECTOR
..........................................................................................................................................................11
1.4.7 ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY IN PAKISTAN ........................................................................................14
1.4.7.1 FUTURE DEMAND FOR POWER.........................................................................................................14
1.4.7.2 DEMAND FORECAST..........................................................................................................................14
1.4.7.3 FUTURE SUPPLY.................................................................................................................................15
1.4.7.4 THE ROLE OF IMPORTED COAL..........................................................................................................16
1.4.7.5 NUCLEAR ENERGY..............................................................................................................................16
1.4.8 TRANSMISSION NETWORK................................................................................................................17
1.5 OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT ...................................................................................................................18
1.6 NEED FOR EIA ....................................................................................................................................19
1.7 OBJECTIVES OF EIA ............................................................................................................................19
1.8 CATEGORIZATION OF PROJECT..........................................................................................................20
1.9 METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................................20
1.9.1 SCOPING............................................................................................................................................20
1.9.2 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION ............................................................................................................21
1.9.3 IDENTIFICATION OF ASPECTS ............................................................................................................21
1.9.4 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & EMP............................................................................................................21
1.9.5 DOCUMENTATION & REVIEW ...........................................................................................................22
1.10 STRUCTURE OF THE EIA REPORT .......................................................................................................22
2.0 POLICY, LEGAL & REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ............................................................ 23
2.1 NATIONAL POLICY FRAMEWORK.......................................................................................................23
2.1.1 NATIONAL CONSERVATION STRATEGY..............................................................................................23
2.1.2 BIODIVERSITY ACTION PLAN..............................................................................................................23
2.1.3 NATIONAL POWER POLICY 2013 .......................................................................................................23
2.1.4 NATIONAL FOREST POLICY 2010 .......................................................................................................24
2.1.5 NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2005.......................................................................................24
2.1.6 NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY ...............................................................................................25
2.1.7 NATIONAL STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN FOR MANGROVES FOR THE FUTURE (2010) ...................25
2.1.8 NATIONAL DRINKING WATER POLICY................................................................................................26
2.2 THE 18TH AMENDMENT IN CONSTITUTION OF PAKISTAN ...............................................................26
2.2.1 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...............................................................................26
2.2.2 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT 2014.............................................................................27
2.3 SINDH WILDLIFE PROTECTION ORDINANCE 1972 AND AMENDMENTS 2001...................................28
2.4 SINDH FISHERIES ORDINANCE 1980..................................................................................................29
2.5 SINDH FOREST ACT 1927 ...................................................................................................................29
2.6 THE FACTORIES ACT 1934..................................................................................................................29
2.7 LAND ACQUISITION ACT (LAA) 1984..................................................................................................30
2.8 PORT QASIM AUTHORITY ACT 1973 (AMENDMENTS 2002) .............................................................31

2.9 PAKISTAN PENAL CODE .....................................................................................................................31
2.10 SINDH ANTIQUITIES ACT 1974...........................................................................................................32
2.11 SINDH CULTURAL HERITAGE (PRESERVATION) ACT 1994 .................................................................32
2.12 THE BOILER ACT 1923........................................................................................................................32
2.13 THE MOTOR VEHICLES ORDINANCE 1965 AND RULES 1969.............................................................32
2.14 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS & GUIDELINES..............................................................................32
2.14.1 SINDH EPA REVIEW OF IEE AND EIA REGULATIONS 2014 .................................................................32
2.14.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES.................................................................................34
2.14.3 SINDH ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS ...............................................................................37
2.14.4 SELF-MONITORING AND REPORTING BY INDUSTRY RULES 2014......................................................40
2.14.5 THE HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES RULES 2014 .....................................................................................41
2.14.6 GUIDELINES FOR SENSITIVE AND CRITICAL AREAS............................................................................41
2.14.7 GUIDELINES FOR PUBLIC CONSULTATION.........................................................................................41
2.14.8 GUIDELINES FOR COAL FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANTS – NIAP (2014)..........................................43
2.14.9 IFC GUIDELINES FOR THERMAL POWER PLANTS...............................................................................43
2.14.10 IFC GENERAL EHS GUIDELINES ..........................................................................................................44
2.14.11 IFC PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 2012 ..............................................................................................45
2.15 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND TREATIES ...............................................................................47
2.15.1 CONVENTION ON CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES, 1979..................................................48
2.15.2 CONVENTION OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES (CITES) 1973 .........................48
2.15.3 CONVENTION ON WETLANDS OF INTERNATIONAL IMPORTANCE; RAMSAR CONVENTION 1971....48
2.15.4 IUCN RED LIST....................................................................................................................................49
2.15.5 INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON BIODIVERSITY 1992...................................................................49
2.15.6 KYOTO PROTOCOL (1992) AND UNITED NATION’S CLIMATE CHANGE CONVENTION ......................49
3.0 DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT ......................................................................................... 51
3.1 THERMAL POWER GENERATION PROCESS........................................................................................51
3.2 BOILER SYSTEM .................................................................................................................................54
3.2.1 FURNACE ...........................................................................................................................................55
3.2.2 SUPERHEATERS AND REHEATERS......................................................................................................55
3.2.3 REHEAT STEAM PIPES........................................................................................................................56
3.2.4 ECONOMIZER ....................................................................................................................................56
3.2.5 STARTUP SYSTEM ..............................................................................................................................56
3.2.6 AIR PREHEATER .................................................................................................................................56
3.2.7 SOOT BLOWERS.................................................................................................................................57
3.2.8 PULVERIZER .......................................................................................................................................57
3.2.9 BURNERS ...........................................................................................................................................58
3.2.10 SYSTEM OPERATION..........................................................................................................................58
3.3 TURBINE GENERATOR .......................................................................................................................58
3.3.1 HIGH-PRESSURE TURBINE .................................................................................................................59
3.3.2 INTERMEDIATE-PRESSURE TURBINE .................................................................................................59
3.3.3 LOW-PRESSURE TURBINE ..................................................................................................................59
3.3.4 LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM.................................................................................................................59
3.3.5 ELECTROHYDRAULIC CONTROL OIL SYSTEM .....................................................................................60
3.3.6 GENERATOR.......................................................................................................................................60
3.3.7 HYDROGEN SEAL OIL SYSTEM............................................................................................................60
3.3.8 STATIC EXCITER..................................................................................................................................60
3.3.9 CONTROL SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................60
3.4 MAIN STEAM AND REHEAT PIPING ...................................................................................................61
3.4.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................61
3.4.2 MAIN STEAM .....................................................................................................................................61
3.4.3 COLD REHEAT ....................................................................................................................................61
3.4.4 HOT REHEAT......................................................................................................................................61
3.4.5 EXTRACTION STEAM..........................................................................................................................61
3.5 CONDENSATE ....................................................................................................................................62

3.5.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................62
3.5.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................62
3.6 FEED WATER......................................................................................................................................63
3.6.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................63
3.6.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................63
3.7.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................64
3.7.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................64
3.8 CLOSED COOLING WATER SYSTEM....................................................................................................65
3.8.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................65
3.8.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................66
3.9 HYPOCHLORITE GENERATOR.............................................................................................................67
3.9.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................67
3.9.2 DESIGN BASES....................................................................................................................................67
3.9.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................67
3.9.4 NORMAL OPERATION........................................................................................................................67
3.9.5 ABNORMAL OPERATION ...................................................................................................................68
3.10 DESALINATION...................................................................................................................................68
3.10.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................68
3.10.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................68
3.10.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................68
3.11 DEMINERALIZATION ..........................................................................................................................69
3.11.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................69
3.11.2 DESIGN BASES....................................................................................................................................70
3.11.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................70
3.12 CONDENSATE POLISHING..................................................................................................................71
3.12.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................71
3.12.2 DESIGN BASES....................................................................................................................................71
3.12.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................71
3.13 WASTEWATER SYSTEM......................................................................................................................72
3.13.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................72
3.13.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................72
3.13.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT ..........................................................................................73
3.13.4 SANITARY WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEM................................................................................73
3.14 EMISSION CONTROLS ........................................................................................................................74
3.14.1 LOW NOx BURNERS...........................................................................................................................74
3.14.1.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................74
3.14.1.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................75
3.14.1.3 SYSTEM OPERATION..........................................................................................................................75
3.14.2.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................75
3.14.2.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................75
3.14.3 BAGHOUSE/ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR/SCRUBBER SYSTEM.....................................................76
3.14.3.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................76
3.14.3.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................76

3.14.3.4 THERMAL DISCHARGE .......................................................................................................................78
3.14.3.5 NOISE.................................................................................................................................................78
3.14.3.6 ASH ....................................................................................................................................................78
3.14.3.7 AIRBORNE DUST FORM ASH STORAGE YARD....................................................................................78
3.14.3.8 WASTEWATER DISCHARGE................................................................................................................78
3.15 HVAC..................................................................................................................................................79
3.15.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................79
3.15.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................79
3.15.3 AIR CONDITIONING ...........................................................................................................................79
3.15.4 BATTERY ROOM.................................................................................................................................79
3.16 COAL DUST COLLECTORS...................................................................................................................80
3.17 DRY PIPE DELUGE TYPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM......................................................................................81
3.18 DUST SUPPRESSION...........................................................................................................................82
3.18.2 WET CENTRIFUGAL DUST COLLECTOR ..............................................................................................82
3.19 COMPRESSED AIR..............................................................................................................................83
3.19.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................83
3.19.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................83
3.20 FIRE PROTECTION..............................................................................................................................83
3.20.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................83
3.20.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................83
3.20.3 FIRE PROTECTION MASTER PLAN......................................................................................................85
3.20.4 BUILDING AND FIRE CODES & LIFE SAFETY COMPLIANCE REVIEW ...................................................85
3.20.5 FIRE RISK EVALUATION......................................................................................................................86
3.20.6 HAZARDOUS AREA CLASSIFICATION EVALUATION............................................................................86
3.21 FUEL OIL STORAGE AND TRANSFER...................................................................................................87
3.21.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................87
3.21.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................87
3.22 COAL UNLOADING AND HANDLING SYSTEM.....................................................................................88
3.22.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................88
3.22.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................88
3.22.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................89
3.23 ASH HANDLING AND DISPOSAL.........................................................................................................90
3.23.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................90
3.23.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................90
3.23.2.1 FLY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM..............................................................................................................90
3.23.2.2 BOTTOM ASH HANDLING SYSTEM ....................................................................................................90
3.23.2.3 MILL REJECTS HANDLING SYSTEM.....................................................................................................90
3.23.2.4 ECONOMIZER ASH HANDLING SYSTEM.............................................................................................91
3.23.3 DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................................91
3.23.3.1 FLY ASH HANDLING SYSTEM..............................................................................................................91
3.23.3.2 BOTTOM ASH AND PYRITE HANDLING..............................................................................................91
3.24 ELECTRICAL........................................................................................................................................92
3.24.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................92
3.24.2 DESIGN BASES....................................................................................................................................92
3.24.3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................93
3.25 STATION TRANSFORMER SYSTEM.....................................................................................................95
3.25.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................95
3.25.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................95

3.26 11-KV UPPER MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEM ........................................................................................96
3.26.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................96
3.26.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................96
3.27 3.3-KV LOWER MEDIUM VOLTAGE SYSTEM......................................................................................96
3.27.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................96
3.27.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................96
3.28 400-VOLT LOW-VOLTAGE AUXILIARY SYSTEM ..................................................................................97
3.28.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................97
3.28.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................97
3.29 DC SYSTEMS.......................................................................................................................................98
3.29.1 FUNCTION..........................................................................................................................................98
3.29.2 DESIGN BASIS ....................................................................................................................................99
3.30 UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM...................................................................................100
3.30.1 FUNCTION........................................................................................................................................100
3.30.2 DESIGN BASIS ..................................................................................................................................100
3.30.3 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION ...............................................................................................................100
3.30.4 SYSTEM OPERATION........................................................................................................................100
3.31 EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATOR SYSTEM......................................................................................100
3.31.1 FUNCTION........................................................................................................................................100
3.31.2 DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................................................................100
3.32 SWITCHYARD...................................................................................................................................101
3.32.1 FUNCTION........................................................................................................................................101
3.32.2 DESIGN BASIS ..................................................................................................................................101
3.33 INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROLS..............................................................................................102
3.34 DISTRIBUTED CONTROLS AND MONITORING SYSTEMS..................................................................103
3.35 OPERATOR CONSOLE.......................................................................................................................104
3.36 BOILER CONTROL SYSTEM...............................................................................................................105
3.36.1 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................................105
3.36.2 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .....................................................................................................................105
3.37 BURNER CONTROL AND FURNACE SAFETY SYSTEM........................................................................106
3.37.2 FLAME SCANNERS ...........................................................................................................................107
3.38 TURBINE CONTROL SYSTEM ............................................................................................................107
3.38.1 GENERAL..........................................................................................................................................107
3.38.3 TURBINE SUPERVISORY INSTRUMENTS...........................................................................................108
3.39 VIBRATION MONITORING ...............................................................................................................108
3.40 CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM ............................................................................109
3.41 PROPOSED COAL RECEIVAL .............................................................................................................109
4.0 SCREENING OF ALTERNATIVES................................................................................. 111
4.1 NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE..............................................................................................................111
4.2 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION................................................................................................................112
4.2.1 THE BOILER......................................................................................................................................112
4.2.2 UNIT SIZE SELECTION.......................................................................................................................112

4.2.3 PARTICULATE MATTER EMISSION CONTROLS.................................................................................114
4.2.4 ASH HANDLING AND DISPOSAL.......................................................................................................115
4.3 COAL SOURCE AND PRICING ...........................................................................................................116
4.3.1 SUPPLY.............................................................................................................................................116
4.3.2 WORLD PRODUCTION: THE WORLD SEABORNE THERMAL COAL MARKET ....................................116
4.3.3 POTENTIAL COAL SUPPLY SOURCES ................................................................................................117
4.3.3.1 AUSTRALIA - NEW SOUTH WALES ...................................................................................................119
4.3.3.2 AUSTRALIA - QUEENSLAND .............................................................................................................120
4.3.3.3 INDONESIA ......................................................................................................................................120
4.3.3.4 BUMI RESOURCES............................................................................................................................122
4.3.3.5 PT ADARO INDONESIA.....................................................................................................................122
4.3.3.6 BANPU PUBLIC COMPANY LTD........................................................................................................123
4.3.3.7 PT KIDECO JAYA AGUNG..................................................................................................................123
4.3.3.8 OTHER LARGE INDONESIAN STEAM COAL PRODUCERS..................................................................123
4.3.3.9 PAKISTAN.........................................................................................................................................123
4.3.3.10 SOUTH AFRICA.................................................................................................................................124
4.3.3.11 BHP BILLITON...................................................................................................................................125
4.3.3.12 ANGLO COAL ...................................................................................................................................125
4.3.3.13 XSTRATA ..........................................................................................................................................125
4.3.3.14 OTHER MAJOR STEAM COAL EXPORTERS .......................................................................................125
4.3.3.15 MOATIZE MINE................................................................................................................................125
4.3.4 COAL QUALITIES ..............................................................................................................................126
4.3.4.1 SIZE OF SHIPS AND AVAILABILITY OF COAL CARRIERS.....................................................................128
4.3.4.2 HANDLING CAPACITY OF COAL LOADING PORTS ............................................................................128
4.3.4.3 VOYAGE DISTANCE AND FREQUENCY OF TRANSPORTATION .........................................................129
4.3.4.4 INDIGENOUS COAL ..........................................................................................................................129
4.4 COAL SHIPPING AND RECEIVAL .......................................................................................................129
4.4.1 TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGIES.................................................................................................129
4.5 AVAILABILITY OF APPROPRIATE ENERGY SOURCE ..........................................................................132
4.5.1 SINDH PROVINCE.............................................................................................................................132
4.5.1.1 THAR................................................................................................................................................132
4.5.1.2 LAKHRA............................................................................................................................................133
4.5.1.3 SONDA-JHERRUCK...........................................................................................................................134
4.5.2 BALOCHISTAN..................................................................................................................................135
4.5.2.1 SOR-RANGE, DEGARI, SINJIDI ..........................................................................................................135
4.5.3 PUNJAB............................................................................................................................................135
4.5.3.1 SALT RANGE.....................................................................................................................................135
4.5.3.2 MAKERWAL/GULLAKHEL.................................................................................................................135
4.5.4 COAL RESOURCES SUMMARY..........................................................................................................136
4.5.5 COAL PRODUCTION .........................................................................................................................136
4.5.6 COAL MINING AND TRANSPORTATION ...........................................................................................136
4.5.6.1 COAL MINING ..................................................................................................................................136
4.5.6.2 TRANSPORTATION...........................................................................................................................137
4.5.7 PAKISTAN COAL FOR LEPCL .............................................................................................................137
5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL BASELINE..................................................................... 138
5.1 METHODOLOGY OF BASELINE SURVEY ...........................................................................................138
5.2 DESCRIPTION OF MICRO AND MACRO ENVIRONMENT..................................................................138
5.3 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT................................................................................................................140
5.3.1 TOPOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................140
5.3.2 GEOLOGY, GEOMORPHOLOGY & SOIL ............................................................................................140
5.3.2.1 SUB-RECENT AND RECENT DEPOSITS ..............................................................................................141
5.3.3 SEISMIC CONDITIONS......................................................................................................................143
5.3.4 TSUNAMIS .......................................................................................................................................143
5.3.5 HYDROLOGY ....................................................................................................................................144
5.3.6 WAVES.............................................................................................................................................147
5.3.7 TIDES & SURGES ..............................................................................................................................148

5.3.8 SEAWATER CURRENTS.....................................................................................................................149
5.3.9 CLIMATE ..........................................................................................................................................149
5.3.9.1 TEMPERATURE ................................................................................................................................150
5.3.9.2 PRECIPITATION ................................................................................................................................151
5.3.9.3 HUMIDITY........................................................................................................................................153
5.3.9.4 WIND DIRECTION AND SPEED .........................................................................................................153
5.3.10 AMBIENT AIR & NOISE QUALITY......................................................................................................154
5.3.10.1 DATA ACQUISITION CRITERIA..........................................................................................................154
5.3.10.2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY MONITORING METHODS & AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS..............155
5.3.10.3 RESULTS...........................................................................................................................................156
5.4 ECOLOGY .........................................................................................................................................161
5.4.1 FLORA ..............................................................................................................................................161
5.4.2 FAUNA .............................................................................................................................................163
5.4.2.1 METHODOLOGY...............................................................................................................................163
5.4.2.2 SURVEY RESULTS .............................................................................................................................164
5.5 SOCIOECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................................170
5.5.1 DEMOGRAPHY.................................................................................................................................170
5.5.2 EMPLOYMENT AND LIVING CONDITIONS........................................................................................170
5.5.3 DEPENDENCE ON MANGROVES ......................................................................................................171
5.5.4 EDUCATION .....................................................................................................................................171
5.5.5 HEALTH............................................................................................................................................172
5.5.6 LANDSCAPING .................................................................................................................................172
5.5.7 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SITES .....................................................................................172
6.0 SCREENING OF POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION
MEASURES.............................................................................................................. 175
6.1 IMPACT ON LANDUSE......................................................................................................................175
6.2 IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES .........................................................................................175
6.3 SOIL DISTURBANCE..........................................................................................................................178
6.4 STABILITY OF STRUCTURES..............................................................................................................178
6.5 SOIL & WATER CONTAMINATION ...................................................................................................179
6.6 IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY.................................................................................................................183
6.7 COAL DUST CONTROL......................................................................................................................198
6.8 IMPACT DUE TO NOISE....................................................................................................................198
6.9 IMPACT ON TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY................................................................................................206
6.10 IMPACT ON AQUATIC ECOLOGY......................................................................................................206
6.11 DISPOSAL OF WASTE .......................................................................................................................207
6.12 ASH HANDLING AND UTILIZATION ..................................................................................................208
6.13 GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................209
6.14 EXPLOSION RISK AND PREVENTION ................................................................................................209
6.15 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT ..............................................................................................................210
6.16 SAFETY & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH.................................................................................................210
7.0 CONSULTATION & INFORMATION DISCLOSURE........................................................ 212
7.1 OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................................................212
7.2 CONSULTATION FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................................212
7.3 CONSULTATION PROCESS................................................................................................................213
7.4 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES .............................................................................219
7.5 TRAINING ON COMMUNITY RELATIONS .........................................................................................221
7.6 STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT PLAN FRAMEWORK.........................................................................221
7.6.1 OBJECTIVES AND PRINCIPLES ..........................................................................................................221
7.6.2 PRINCIPLES OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ................................................................................222
7.6.3 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN.................................................................................................................222
7.6.4 GRIEVANCE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................................223
7.6.5 COMMITMENT REGISTER ................................................................................................................224
7.6.6 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES.........................................................................................................224
7.6.7 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT..........................................................................................................225

7.6.8 MONITORING AND EVALUATION ....................................................................................................225
7.6.9 PERFORMANCE INDICATORS...........................................................................................................226
8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT & MONITORING PLAN......................................... 227
8.1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................227
8.2 SCOPE OF EMMP .............................................................................................................................227
8.3 OBJECTIVES OF EMMP.....................................................................................................................228
8.3.1 PROJECT...........................................................................................................................................228
8.4 EMMP PROCESS...............................................................................................................................228
8.5 PRE-CONSTRUCTION (DESIGN) PHASE ............................................................................................229
8.5.1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF LEPCL.............................................................................................................229
8.5.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF EPC CONTRACTOR ........................................................................................230
8.5.3 CONSTRUCTION PHASE ...................................................................................................................230
8.5.4 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES DURING CONSTRUCTION................................................................231
8.6 OPERATIONS PHASE ........................................................................................................................235
8.6.1 EXPECTED HSE ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE...............................................................................235
8.6.2 ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES DURING OPERATIONS PHASE .........................................................236
8.7 CLOSURE AND DECOMMISSIONING PHASE ....................................................................................238
8.8 MITIGATION PLAN...........................................................................................................................238
8.9 MONITORING PLAN.........................................................................................................................256
8.9.1 OBJECTIVES OF MONITORING PLAN................................................................................................256
8.10 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN..........................................................................................................260
8.11 SPILL MANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................261
8.11.1 AVOIDING SPILLS .............................................................................................................................261
8.11.2 SPILL KITS.........................................................................................................................................262
8.11.3 RESPONDING TO SPILLS...................................................................................................................262
8.12 COAL DUST MANAGEMENT PLAN ...................................................................................................262
8.13 TRAINING PROGRAM.......................................................................................................................263
8.14 CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT PLAN............................................................................................264
8.15 CHANGE MANAGEMENT .................................................................................................................270
8.15.1 FIRST-ORDER CHANGE.....................................................................................................................270
8.15.2 SECOND-ORDER CHANGE................................................................................................................270
8.15.3 THIRD-ORDER CHANGE ...................................................................................................................271
8.15.4 CHANGES TO THE EMMP.................................................................................................................272
8.16 EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN............................................................................................... 272
9.0 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................... 275
ANNEXURES
Annex–I : SindhEnvironmentalProtectionAct2014
Annex–II : SindhEPA(Reviewof IEEandEIA)Regulations2014
Annex–III : NationalEnvironmentalQualityStandards(NEQS)

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Pakistan faces a number of critical challenges in energy sector such as energy and power resource
deficit, power shortages, and a greater dependency on imported oil to meet the energy demand-
supplygap.Thedemandforelectricitycurrentlyoutstripssupply.Inadequategeneration,transmission,
anddistribution,aswellastheinefficientuseofelectricity,leadtoshortagesof12-18hours,particularly
at peak times. Realizing these challenges, the governments of Sindh & Pakistan are focusing on the
huge potential of developing indigenous coal resources on fast-track basis and put coal based power
asamajorportioninoverallenergymix.
The National Energy Policy 2013 requires development of strategy to i) ensure the generation of
inexpensiveandaffordableelectricityfordomestic,commercial,andindustrialusebyusingindigenous
resourcessuch ascoal(Thar coal)and hydelpower, ii)addressthe key challengesof the power sector
in order to provide much needed relief to the citizens of Pakistan, and iii) shift Pakistan’s energy mix
towardscheaperfueland conservationof gasforpower.
In order to contribute towards meeting Pakistan’s growing electricity demand, Lucky Electric Power
Company Limited (LEPCL) proposes constructing a 1 x 660 MW coal based power station near Port
Qasim Karachi. LEPCL has acquired 250 acres of land from the Sindh Board of Revenue for the
establishmentoftheproposedpowerplant.CoalforthepowerplantwillbeimportedfromIndonesia,
South Africa, and/or Australia. The preferred option for imported coal is the under-construction
Pakistan International Bulk Terminal (PIBT) at Port Qasim. The terminal is expected to be operational
by2016.
ThisEnvironmentalImpactAssessment(EIA)servesasusefultoolinpredictionofpotentialimpactson
thesurroundingenvironmentduetodevelopmentalproject.Itwillhelptheprojectproponent,impact
assessment authorities, regulatory agencies and other stakeholders in understanding the project and
mitigation measures, environmental impact and establishing emission requirements and other
measuresearlyinthe project cycle.Thisreport describes the project location,baseline environmental
scenario, potential impacts of the project on the environment and proposed measures for effective
environment management(EMaP &EMoP)duringtheproject cycle.
1.1 PROJECT PROPONENT
TheprojectcompanyLuckyElectricPowerCompanyLimited(LEPCL)iswhollyowned
subsidiaryorLuckyHoldingsLimited(LHL),whichisalsoanindirectsubsidiaryofLucky
CementLimited.
LuckyCementLimitedwasfoundedin1996byTabbaMemons.Thecompanyinitially
started with factories in the Pezu district of the North West Frontier Province (N.W.F.P). It now, also,
owns a factory in Karachi. Lucky Cement Limited has been sponsored by one of the largest business
groupsinPakistan,theYunusBrothersGroupbasedinKarachi.Overtheyears,theCompanyhasgrown
substantiallyand isexpandingitsbusinessoperationswithproductionfacilitiesatstrategiclocationsin
KarachitocatertotheSouthernregionsandPezu,KhyberPakhtunkhwatofurnishtheNorthernareas
ofthecountry.LuckyCementhasanetworkofover200dealerswhichenablesittodominatethelocal
market and is Pakistan’s first company to export sizeable quantities of loose cement and is the only
cementmanufacturertohave itsownloadingandstorageterminalat KarachiPort.

In 2013, LCL imported 1 million ton of thermalcoal.In the thermalcoalmarket in Japan,LCLhasbeen
the largest coal importer for many years. The stable supply of coal from many countries, including
Australia,Canada,China,Indonesia,and Russia,supportsconsistentpowersupplyin Japan.
Thecompanyisproducingenoughelectricitytonotonlyfulfilitsownrequirementsbuthasalsostarted
supplying electricity to Hyderabad Electric Supply Corporation and is now in the process of providing
electricity to Peshawar Electric Supply Corporation which is a noteworthy achievement in the area of
energygeneration.
ItalsohasLargest,lowestcostandmostefficientcementmanufacturerinPakistanwithcaptivepower
generation capacity of 200 MW. Similarly it produces 7.75 million tons of cement per annum
production capacity with production lines at different strategic locations from coverage perspective
within Pakistan. The 2013 Turnover of USD 375 million with USD 127 million exports to Africa, GCC
countries,India,Iraq,SriLankaandAfghanistan.ItisalsotheLargestexportedofcementfromPakistan.
The group has around 29,000 employees. Yunus brother group is also a proud sponsor of 9 different
firms including Lucky Cement Limited. The firms include textile mills, building materials and others.
Almostallgeneratetheirownelectricity.Followingarethecompaniesgeneratingtheirownelectricity:
 LuckyCementLimited(Pezu)-75MW
 LuckyCementLimited(Karachi)-80MW
 LuckyCementLimited–WHRPezu–20MW
 LuckyCementLimited–WHRKarachi–25MW
 ICIPakistan Limited–37MW
 GadoonTextileMillsLimited–50MW
 YunusTextileMillsLimited– 14MW
 LuckyEnergy(Pvt)Limited– 16.52MW
 Al-MabrookaCement(Iraq)–8MW
 YunusEnergyLimited–50MW(2015-E)
 TotalIn-housepower capacity–375.52MW
Somekeystrengthsofthe groupare:
 7.75 million tons per annum state of the art cement manufacturing plant in Pakistan which
continuestobea Cash cowforthe group
 300,000 spindles with 1,050 weaving looms along with significant processing, stitching and
finishingcapacitywithinthetextilesectorinPakistan
 Captive power generation of 316 MW to support industrial units and under construction 50 MW
wind power generation plant and 10 MW through waste heat recovery from Lucky Cement
operations
 Recent acquisition of ICI Pakistan Limited which is(i)a renowned brand in the local market, (ii) 2nd
largest Polyester Staple Fibre producer and (iii) market leader in Soda Ash production and Life
Sciencesbusiness

 TheuseofexpertisegainedviaLuckyCementLimitedintheCementManufacturingsectorevident
fromthenewplannedinvestmentsinAfricaandIraq.
A special purpose company (LEPCL) has been established by Lucky Cement, bringing together a team
of highly professional people in all areas like, technical, commercial, and legal specialists with the
capabilitytoconstruct,develop,operate,financeandmaintaintheProject.Followingfigureshowsthe
project companyorganizationwhich isguidedbya BoardofDirectors.
Figure1.1— Project CompanyOrganization
Allapplicable nationalandprovincial regulationswillbe followed bythe LEPCL(Project Company)and
it will be organized and managed under an agreement that outlines reporting and budgeting
requirements and the limits of authority for its various members. The Project Company will own
finance, construct, design, and operate the facility. Development of a world class facility in terms of
safety, customer satisfaction, employee development, regulatory relations, environmental
compliance,andcosteffectivenessistheproject company’sgoverningphilosophy.
The management component of the Project Company will comprised of individuals with direct
experience in development of power projects in developing countries, leading the Project through
eachphaseofdevelopmentwillbetheirresponsibility.Therewillbeadate-certain,lump-sum,turnkey
basis EPC Contract. It is envisioned at this time that a single EPC Contractor will be responsible for the
powerplantfacilities,colony,andanyotherfacilitiesnecessaryforthegenerationofpower.
An Operation &Maintenance (O&M)organization willbe established bythe Project Companyfor the
efficient operation and maintenance of the Project upon commissioning. The Project Company may
formthisO&Morganizationorassignedtoathird-partycompany.Operationsincludingcomplianceto
thePPA,fueldelivery,permit,&environmentallawswillbetheresponsibilitiesof O&Morganization.
1.2 EIA CONSULTANT
LEPCL appointed EMC Pakistan Private Limited for conducting the Environmental Impact
Assessment(EIA)studyoftheProposedProjecttoassessthelikelyenvironmentalandsocial
impactsthatmayresultfromProjectactivitiesandtoidentifymeasurestomitigatenegative
impacts,if any.

EMCformulatedthefollowingteamofofficialsandexpertsforconductingtheEIAstudyandpreparing
thereport:
Table1.1:ListofEIATeam
S. No. Name PositioninProject
1 SyedNadeemArif ProjectDirector
2 SaquibEjazHussain ESIASpecialist/ExpertonEnvironmentalModeling
3 Dr.MirzaArshadAliBeg SeniorEnvironmentalist/TeamLeader
4 Dr.ShahidAmjad MarineBiologist
5 Dr.SyedAliGhalib ExpertonFauna
6 Mr.KhurramShamsKhan SocialDevelopmentSpecialist
7 Ms.ZulekhaSoorma Health&SafetySpecialist
8 AsharH.Lodi TransportationSpecialist
9 Mr.S.M.Zaman Geologist
1.3 THE PROJECT
Theproposed[1 x660MW] LuckyElectricCoalPowerProject(LECPP] willbeestablishedoveranarea
of250acresoflandacquiredfromSindh BoRinDehGhangiaro,Bin QasimTown,Karachi.
Ontheeast,the LECPP sitefacesPakistan InternationalBulkTerminal[PIBT]inPQAwhichisbeingset-
up for handling Coal, Cement and Clinker. On the South, the Kadiro Creek flows into Arabian Sea. The
Lath Bastiislocatedinthewest whilethe BhainsColonyislocatedatabout1km intheNorth.
Figure1.2(a)showsthelocationoftheproposedpowerplantsiteandFigure1.2(b)showstheviewof
theproject site.
The boiler technology shall be based on super critical boiler parameters having higher thermal
efficiency as compared to conventionalpulverized coal fired units. The increase in efficiency results in
lowercoalconsumptionaswellaslowergeneration ofashandgaseousemissions.Coalforthepower
plantwillbemadeavailablethrough Indonesia,SouthAfricaor Australia.
Themaincomponentsoftheproposedproject include:
 CoalHandlingSystemincludingDustExtractionandSuppressionSystem
 Steam Generator,TurbineGeneratorand AuxiliaryUnits
 Coolingwater system
 Water &EffluentTreatment System
 FireProtectionSystem
 Air Conditioning&VentilationSystem
 ElectrostaticPrecipitators,LowNoxBurners,FGD
 A 200metershighstack
 AshHandlingSystemwithDryAshExtraction&TemporaryStorageFacilities.
 ElectricalSystems:Generator BusDuct,Transformers,Switchgears,SwitchYardetc.

Figure 1.2 (a) — Map showing LECPP Site
LECPP
Site
Lath basti
Bhains
Colony
Landhi
Ind. Area
Bin
Qasim
PIBT
Port
Qasim

Figure 1.2 (b) — Pictorial view of Project Site

1.4 PROJECT BACKGROUND
1.4.1 ENERGY RESOURCES IN PAKISTAN
The economy has taken a turnaround on account of following serious economic agenda and striving
sincerely to implement it. Early positive results, particularly stabilizing foreign exchange reserves,
appreciation of exchange rate, stability in prices despite heavy adjustments, remarkable industrial
growth on account of improved energy supply, considering the strong correlation between economic
growthandenergydemandgrowth,thereisanimperativeneedforsustainedincreasesinenergysupply
not only to sustain the growth momentum but to protect the economy from disruptions caused by
energydeficitsreflectedindemandmanagement,popularlyknownasloadshedding.
WiththecommissioningofprivatesectorIndependentPowerProjects(IPPs)thedemandandsupplyof
electricitywasbalancedin1997,IPPswereestablishedunderthePrivatePowerPolicy,1994.Generation
capacity has increased since 1997, and it was expected that demand and supply would remain in
equilibrium through 2014.However,demand of electricity has been increasingdue to faster economic
activity, rising disposable income, higher availability of consumer finance, double-digit growth of large-
scale manufacturing, and higher agricultural production. Therefore, the government has encouraged
theprivate sectortomeetthisadditionaldemand.
1.4.2 CURRENT ENERGY MIX
Pakistan is producing around 36 percent from oil, 29 percent each from gas and hydroelectric and five
percent from nuclear to meet its requirements. Unlike the global practice of producing electricity
through cheapest energy sources, Pakistan is fulfilling its energy needs through expensive oil and gas-
basedpowerplants.
The world is producing approximately 41 percent of electricity through coal, whereas Pakistan is
producing approximately seven percent electricity through coal. We produce 36 percent electricity
through the most expensive source of energy, which is oil, adding that 29 percent of electricity is
producedthroughgaswhile 29percentisproducedthroughhydroelectricsources.
Figure 1.3 – Primary Energy Supply by Source

1.4.3 TARGET ENERGY MIX
Government of Pakistan aims to achieve power generation mix through development of indigenous
energy resources particularly hydel and coal. The government is committed to arrange timely finances
fortheseprojectsandmonitortheirdevelopmentregularlyinordertocompletethemasperschedule.
It is expected that 16, 564 MW power generation will be added in the nation al grid system through
various resources by completing the new projects which will reduce/eliminate load shedding during
nextfouryears.Thedetailoftheprojectisgivenbelow:
Table 1.1 — Power Generation Plan
Year NameofProject Capacity Agency Fuel
2014
GUDDU-1 (243MW) GENCOs Gas
NandipurPowerProject (425MW) GENCOs Oil
Guddu-2 (243MW) GENCOs Gas
Quaid-e-AzamSolarPark(Phase-I) (100MW) PPDB Solar
Quaid-e-AzamSolarPark(Phase-II) (300MW) PPDB Solar
GudduSteam(3) (261MW) GENCOs Gas
2015
Quaid-e-AzamSolarPark(Phase-III) (600MW) PPDB Solar
NeelumJhelumHydel (969MW) WAPDA Hydel
2016
GolenGol (106MW) WAPDA Hydel
Patrind HPP (147MW) PPDB Hydel
2017
Terbela4th
Extension (1410MW) WAPDA Hydel
CoalPlantatSahiwal (1200MW) PPDB COAL
2018
CoalPlantatJamshoro (1320MW) GENCOs COAL
TharCoalPlant (1320MW) GENCOs COAL
GaddaniPowerPark (6600MW) Public+Pvt COAL
Upto2018TotalGenerationAddition 16564MW
Source:PakistanElectricPowerCompanyLtd
1.4.4 PROFILE OF CURRENT ENERGY CONSUMPTION
The 6-year summary presented in Figure 1.4 reveals that there has been a decline in the use of coal
concurrent with an increase in gas, electricity and petroleum product. This structural change in the
energyconsumptionpatternisalsoassistedbythegovernmentadministeredpricedifferentialbetween
petroleum products and gas. The apparent reversal, recently, wherever there is an increase in
petroleumproductsusage,ismostprobablybecauseoflackofalternativefuel,loadsheddingofgasetc,
andhigherconsumptionofoilinagriculturesector.Theiscoalconsumption inPakistan alsobecauseof
itshigherusageinbrickkilns,afunctionofgrowingdemandinthehousingandotherinfrastructureand
conversion of about 80% of the cement industry from heavyoilto coal, but as far as power generation
isconcernedithasnotbeenusedproperlyuptilnow.

Eia lucky electric power company 660 mw coal power project

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