This document provides information about ancient Egyptian architecture and temples. It discusses the Temple of Khons at Karnak, including its pylons, obelisks, light court and sanctuary layout. It also describes the ancient city of Kahun which housed workers for pyramid construction, with larger homes for officials and standardized brick row houses. Different styles of Egyptian columns are outlined, including square, round, palm, papyrus and Hathoric columns. Key features of ancient Egyptian architecture highlighted are its simplicity, grandeur, use of spacious columns to introduce light, thick walls built at an inward incline, and use of overlapping rectangular forms.

1. Dr. Nagham Ali Hasan
Lecture 2-c
College of Applied Engineering & Urban Planning
Department of Architecture, Interior Design & Planning
Ancient architecture BARE 2305/ARCH2305
Ancient Egypt
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2. TEMPLES 2

3. TYPES OF TEMPLES
Great temple of Amun at Karnak Hatshepsut’s Mortuary temple, Deir-el-bahari
Temple of Khons,Karnak Great temple of Ramesses II, Abu Simbel3

4. TEMPLE OF KHONS, KARNAK
PYLONS
pylons
OBELISKS
OBELISKS
LIGHT
COURT HALL
SANCTUARY
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5. Pylons
(Tall tower like str.)
Obelisks
(landmark)
TEMPLE OF KHONS,KARNAK
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6. TEMPLE OF KHONS, KARNAK
BIRDS EYE VIEW FRONT VIEW
COLLONADED COURTYARD
N
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7. WORKER’S SETTLEMENT- CITY OF KAHUN
The world‟s 1st “workers‟ housing” was in the ancient town of Kahun
Built about 3000BC for the builders of the pyramids at Kahun near Giza.
The town was laid in rectilinear grid.
Comprised a few large houses (government quarters) and many smaller ones
Acropolis:- Community centre, place of worship and seat for government quarters which were a
higher group of community
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8. Workers Housing
Government Quaters
River nile
ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES:-
Nile connected axis to the whole region. It also acted as a major
highway.
Fine example of standardized buildings grouped into special zones.
Brick row houses for workers and craftsmen, often back to back
A quarter of large mansions for government officials
An enclosed compound
LOCATION MAP
PLAN
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9. Methods of constructing the columns
from one block or several blocks

10. Egyptian columns types
1-square columns
They are blocks of four ribs
whose purpose is strength
• Column dimensions 1-4.
• Made of solid granite stone.
• They did not have any kind of
decoration.
• The Egyptian extracted from
this column other types of 8 or
16 ribs

11. Ramsaym Temple in Luxor

12. 2- Round columns
• It started in the Old Kingdom.
• The columns had bases that
stood out from the column, to
distribute the weight and
prevent moisture leakage to
the column,
• We see it in the columns of
Sahorea temple and the temple
of the king Citi I in Abydos.

13. 3- Palm columns
• The Egyptian
quote from the
shape of the
palm tree, its
form was a
cylindrical shaft
with a diameter
of the top like
palm.

15. Papyrus columns
• It have different motifs
• The papyrus symbolized the northern
Kingdom.
• It Is no different from the palm
columns .
• in general it is plants decoration, we
can see this column type in the
Temple of Luxor and the tombs of the
Amarna hill.
• The capitals was natural green color,
while the shaft of the column is the
original stone.

19. Hathoric columns
• These columns are very
similar to that of Egyptian
musical instrument, Sistron,
which is an eccentric with a
head forming the goddess
Hathor.
• This column is formed by a
shaft and capital
representing the cystron and
the crown of the goddess
Hathor, bearing the front of
a house or a temple.

20. The channels column or proto-doric appeared in the tombs of
Bani Hassan, Deir al-Bahari and the Temple of Ptah in Karnak
from the reign of the royal family18
The channels column or proto-doric

21. The most important features of
ancient Egyptian architecture
1- Egyptian architecture is
characterized by its simplicity,
magnificence, and grandeur.
• This simplicity is manifested in the
Pyramids of Giza, the Temple
Mount of Sakkara, and the Temple
of Abu Houl.
• Simplicity was associated with
beauty and with a broad
knowledge of construction
engineering.

22. • 2- The Egyptians turned to a new trend, tasting
nature.

23. 3 - start the establishment of
spacious columns
• They used to light it to
make the center columns
much higher than the side
columns.
• As a result, the ceiling on
both sides was lower than
in the center and thus light
was introduced through
the openings

24. 4- The ancient Egyptian
architecture was
characterized by its size and
wall thickness .
• the walls was built by
inclination to the inside of
the highest.
• the builder so as to keep
the surface of the wall from
the inside vertically but the
outer surface inclined.
• This way built give the wall
strength and stability

25. 6- The use of rectangular
or square forms adjacent
or overlapping, for
example, the shape of
the building, which is a
main rectangle consists
of several small
rectangles, each of
which is integral to
rectangles

26. Walls were working spaces to be unveiled as a record of
the works of kings