Urban transportation has a solution in the form of electric vehicles (EVs) which can provide a solution to environmental as well as economic problems of the society which is the major discussion point now a day’s.
Generally, for >400 W battery charging system two-stage cascaded ac-dc and isolated dc-dc converter for power conditioning is used. Moreover, to reduce conduction losses and variation in the DC link voltage many topologies but these are associated with drawbacks of a large number of passive element and reduced power density. In isolated dc-dc converter stage efficiency, reliability, power density, compliance, and isolation are some important features for selecting a suitable configuration.
1. The document presents a self-oscillating flyback converter designed for mobile battery charging applications. The converter steps down a 220V AC input to a 7V DC output for charging batteries.
2. A simulation model is developed using MULTISIM software to analyze the circuit operation. The converter uses a single transistor for oscillation and operates in boundary conduction mode for high efficiency.
3. Experimental results show the converter delivers a 7V output from a 220V 500mA AC input with 75% efficiency. The circuit provides a simple and low-cost solution for battery charging applications.
A ZVS Interleaved Boost AC/DC Converter Using Super Capacitor Power for Hybri...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Design and Implementation of Isolated Zeta-Luo Converter for EV Charging Appl...IRJET Journal
The document presents a design for an electric vehicle charging system using an isolated Zeta-Luo converter. The converter combines a Zeta converter and Luo converter to improve efficiency over other topologies. It operates each converter on alternating half-cycles of the supply voltage. Simulation models show the Zeta-Luo converter achieves higher efficiency and power quality compared to isolated Zeta and Luo converters alone. The design uses a cascaded PI controller to regulate charging in constant current and constant voltage modes for safe battery charging.
Design and Implementation of Isolated Zeta-Luo Converter for EV Charging Appl...IRJET Journal
The document presents a design for an electric vehicle charging system using an isolated Zeta-Luo converter. The converter combines a Zeta converter and Luo converter to improve efficiency over other topologies. It operates each converter on alternating half-cycles of the supply voltage. Simulation models show the Zeta-Luo converter achieves higher efficiency and power quality compared to isolated Zeta and Luo converters alone. The design uses a cascaded PI controller to regulate charging in constant current and constant voltage modes for safe battery charging.
This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.
1) A single-phase matrix converter topology is presented that can synthesize a lower or higher DC output voltage from a given AC supply voltage. It uses an active pulse width modulation technique to maintain a continuous, sinusoidal input current that is in phase with the supply voltage, improving the input power factor.
2) Conventional rectifiers draw discontinuous current with high harmonics, resulting in poor power quality. The proposed single-phase matrix converter acting as a rectifier with active PWM can suppress harmonic current drawn by the rectifier load.
3) Simulation results show that for boost and buck rectification using the proposed single-phase matrix converter with active PWM technique, the supply current is sinusoidal and in phase
Single Phase Matrix Converter for Input Power Factor Improvementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
1. The document presents a self-oscillating flyback converter designed for mobile battery charging applications. The converter steps down a 220V AC input to a 7V DC output for charging batteries.
2. A simulation model is developed using MULTISIM software to analyze the circuit operation. The converter uses a single transistor for oscillation and operates in boundary conduction mode for high efficiency.
3. Experimental results show the converter delivers a 7V output from a 220V 500mA AC input with 75% efficiency. The circuit provides a simple and low-cost solution for battery charging applications.
A ZVS Interleaved Boost AC/DC Converter Using Super Capacitor Power for Hybri...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Design and Implementation of Isolated Zeta-Luo Converter for EV Charging Appl...IRJET Journal
The document presents a design for an electric vehicle charging system using an isolated Zeta-Luo converter. The converter combines a Zeta converter and Luo converter to improve efficiency over other topologies. It operates each converter on alternating half-cycles of the supply voltage. Simulation models show the Zeta-Luo converter achieves higher efficiency and power quality compared to isolated Zeta and Luo converters alone. The design uses a cascaded PI controller to regulate charging in constant current and constant voltage modes for safe battery charging.
Design and Implementation of Isolated Zeta-Luo Converter for EV Charging Appl...IRJET Journal
The document presents a design for an electric vehicle charging system using an isolated Zeta-Luo converter. The converter combines a Zeta converter and Luo converter to improve efficiency over other topologies. It operates each converter on alternating half-cycles of the supply voltage. Simulation models show the Zeta-Luo converter achieves higher efficiency and power quality compared to isolated Zeta and Luo converters alone. The design uses a cascaded PI controller to regulate charging in constant current and constant voltage modes for safe battery charging.
This paper presents the conceptual study on grid-to-electric vehicle (G2V) wireless power transfer (WPT) using Single Phase Matrix Converter (SPMC). In this work, the SPMC is used as a direct AC to AC converter to convert the input supply voltage at 50 Hz frequency to the output of 20 kHz to meet the WPT switching frequency operation of the transmitter and receiver coils. The high frequency AC voltage of the receiver coil is then rectified to a DC form by using SPMC. Through the proposed system, the battery of an electric car can be charged wirelessly, thus removing the annoying wires of the conventional electric vehicle charging system. The reduction in size of the charging system, power losses and optimum efficiency are among the advantages of the proposed system. MATLAB/Simulink (MLS) has been used to simulate the proposed model. Selected simulation result are presented to verify the proposed work.
1) A single-phase matrix converter topology is presented that can synthesize a lower or higher DC output voltage from a given AC supply voltage. It uses an active pulse width modulation technique to maintain a continuous, sinusoidal input current that is in phase with the supply voltage, improving the input power factor.
2) Conventional rectifiers draw discontinuous current with high harmonics, resulting in poor power quality. The proposed single-phase matrix converter acting as a rectifier with active PWM can suppress harmonic current drawn by the rectifier load.
3) Simulation results show that for boost and buck rectification using the proposed single-phase matrix converter with active PWM technique, the supply current is sinusoidal and in phase
Single Phase Matrix Converter for Input Power Factor Improvementiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering(IOSR-JEEE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electrical and electronics engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electrical and electronics engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) aims to cover the latest outstanding developments in the field of all Engineering Technologies & science.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Bi directional dc to dc converters for fuel cell systemsLi (Eric) Sun
This document discusses bi-directional DC-DC converters for fuel cell systems. It evaluates different converter topologies for combining a current-fed converter on the low-voltage side with a voltage-fed converter on the high-voltage side. Testing showed that a full-bridge current-fed converter on the low-voltage side paired with a full-bridge voltage-fed converter on the high-voltage side had higher efficiency than a combination using an L-type half-bridge current-fed converter on the low-voltage side. The full-bridge current-fed converter was able to achieve zero-voltage switching and had 5% higher efficiency than the L-type half-bridge converter.
Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Powerijtsrd
In this project qualitative analysis and controller design of a TI-SEPIC converter for optimal utilization photovoltaic power is presented. This converter is essentially combination of conventional buck and SEPIC converters sharing common components. On the account of the integration load side only one inductor is sufficient enough for performing the power conversion in both Buck and SEPIC converters. Here the function of the lower SEPIC converter is to extract maximum power from the PV and feeds into the load, while the remaining load power demand is supplied by the dc source through a voltage-mode controlled buck converter. Proposed integrated Converter performance is verified through MAT/SIM software simulations and then verified with measurement results obtained the laboratory prototype converter system. A.S.Valarmathy"Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Power" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2393.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2393/implementation-of-ti-sepic-converter-for-optimal-utilization-of-pv-power/asvalarmathy
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
Comparison of Performance for Power Quality Improved EV Battery Chargers usin...IRJET Journal
- The document compares the performance of two power factor correction converters - the bridgeless Cuk converter and SEPIC PFC converter - for improving power quality in electric vehicle battery chargers.
- Simulations of an EV battery charging system using the two converters show their effectiveness in reducing total harmonic distortion, improving power factor, achieving high efficiency, and maintaining a stable output voltage.
- The findings help select and design efficient and reliable EV charging systems, contributing to grid stability, and lay the groundwork for future advances in power electronics for EV charging applications.
1) The document discusses a study of suitable bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies that are essential for battery charge regulation in photovoltaic applications.
2) It analyzes different bidirectional converter circuit options and determines that a particular 2-switch topology is best suited due to its simplicity, efficiency and ability to support both maximum power point tracking and battery charge control.
3) Simulation results of the proposed system using MATLAB/Simulink show the battery state of charge, current and voltage waveforms under charging and discharging conditions regulated by the bidirectional converter.
The document describes a system for controlling an electric vehicle charging station using solar power and an intelligent controller. It includes:
1) An MPPT system using a PV module, DC-DC boost converter, and fuzzy logic controller to extract maximum power from solar panels and charge batteries.
2) A 100AH battery charged by a solar PV panel and boost converter producing 400V, then stepped down to the battery's 220V requirement.
3) A bidirectional AC-DC rectifier connected to the grid, and DC-DC converters connecting the grid and EV for charging and discharging the vehicle battery.
VEHICLE-TO-GRID TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYING DC FAST CHARGING SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDIRJET Journal
This document discusses vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology using DC fast charging in a microgrid system. It proposes an architecture that uses bidirectional battery chargers and grid-tied inverters to enable power transfer between electric vehicle batteries and the microgrid. The system is modeled and simulated. Simulation results show that electric vehicle batteries can effectively regulate power in the microgrid using V2G and G2V concepts with DC fast charging. Harmonic analysis shows that the LCL filter maintains current distortion within IEEE limits.
A Resonant Converter with LLC for DC-to-DC Converter Based ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses a current mode control scheme for LLC series resonant DC-to-DC converters used for electric vehicle battery chargers. The proposed current mode control employs feedback from the resonant tank current to nullify effects of changes in power stage dynamics, improving performance over conventional voltage mode control. The LLC converter has multiple resonant modes depending on operating frequency and load. Experimental results show the current mode control achieves 97.96% peak efficiency for a 6.6 kW, 390V to 250-450V converter. Future work will focus on design optimization and a simpler design procedure.
1) The document discusses isolated and non-isolated bi-directional DC/DC converters for use in a Formula Hybrid electric vehicle.
2) It evaluates two isolated uni-directional converter topologies and discusses the working principles of three bi-directional converter topologies.
3) The goal is to determine the most efficient topology by conducting a comparative analysis to minimize losses.
This document presents a new sensorless commutation method for brushless DC motors. The key features of the proposed method are:
1) It extracts commutation signals directly from average line-to-line motor terminal voltages using simple RC filters and comparators, without needing phase shift circuits, motor neutral voltage measurements, or AD converters.
2) In contrast to conventional methods that detect back EMF zero crossings, the proposed method's commutation signals are in phase with ideal timing and insensitive to common mode noise.
3) Experimental results over a wide speed range show the proposed method provides satisfactory sensorless control performance while achieving significantly lower cost than conventional techniques.
Buck-Boost Control of Four Quadrant Chopper using Symmetrical Impedance Netwo...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes buck-boost capabilities of four quadrant chopper for wide range speed control of DC motor drives using symmetrical impedance network called Z-source network. By controlling the shoot through duty ratio from 0 to 0.5 and non-shoot through techniques, the Z-source four quadrant choppers can produce any desired DC voltage across the DC motor. The switching patterns for both buck and boost operations are presented to achieve four modes of operation of DC motor. As a result, the proposed model will have ride through capability during voltage sags, manage during voltage swells, used in any types of DC voltage sources such as fuel cell and solar cell and improve the reliability by reducing EMI noise. Analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate these new findings.
This document describes several alternative dual-bridge matrix converter topologies that have a reduced number of switches compared to a conventional matrix converter. It discusses how the dual-bridge topology avoids commutation problems of the conventional design. It then introduces several dual-bridge topologies with fewer switches, including 18-, 15-, 12-, and 9-switch variations. It analyzes the characteristics and operation of these topologies, and presents simulation and experimental results for the 9-switch design to validate its feasibility.
Hybrid Energy System using Non Isolated Dc –Dc ConverterIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed non-isolated DC-DC converter for a hybrid energy storage system using photovoltaic and wind power sources. The converter is designed to interface the photovoltaic cells, wind source, and load independently using a combination of parallel boost converters. It can enable bidirectional power flow between the PV, wind, and load. The converter operates in three modes - dual output mode where PV charges storage and powers load, dual input mode where PV and storage power load, and single input/output mode where only storage powers load. Simulation results demonstrate the different voltage waveforms in each operating mode. The converter aims to optimize hybrid energy storage and ensure stable and efficient system operation using a single-stage conversion approach.
Operation of brushless dc motor drive with zetastudent
1) The document describes a brushless DC motor drive system using a Zeta converter for water pumping applications. A Zeta converter is a fourth-order DC-DC converter that can operate in both step-up and step-down modes.
2) The system uses a sensorless control method for the BLDC motor based on measuring the differences in back-electromotive force between motor phases to determine rotor position without position sensors.
3) Experimental results show that the BLDC motor pumping system using a Zeta converter can achieve good performance under starting, dynamic, and steady-state conditions with reduced switching losses compared to other converter topologies.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new circuit topology combining an indirect matrix converter (IMC) and DC/DC boost converter. The IMC connects two power sources without an electrolytic capacitor in the DC-link. The boost converter utilizes the neutral point of the motor and its leakage inductance as a reactor. This reduces the size and improves reliability over existing converters. The proposed circuit is simulated and experimentally validated with a 750W prototype driving an induction motor, achieving 96% efficiency with low current THD.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper on a single-phase single-stage multi-level AC-DC converter for power factor correction. It presents a five-level AC-DC converter topology that can achieve high power quality with reduced voltage stress. The converter consists of an AC input section, five-level DC-DC converter, and DC link. It operates in five modes to generate five distinct output voltage levels. Simulation results show the converter achieves power factor correction at the input and regulated output voltage. The five-level topology is an improvement over previous three-level converters as it further reduces voltage stress on the switches.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A hybrid cascaded multilevel converter for battery 2Ki Tu
This document describes a hybrid cascaded multilevel converter proposed for use in electric vehicle battery energy management systems. The converter consists of half-bridge converters connected to each individual battery cell that can control whether the cell is connected to or bypassed from the circuit. All the half-bridges are cascaded to output a multi-level staircase voltage. An H-bridge converter then changes the direction of the DC bus voltages to generate AC voltages for driving the motor. The converter allows for independent control and balancing of each battery cell's state of charge while generating cleaner multilevel output voltages suitable for motor drives.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Bi directional dc to dc converters for fuel cell systemsLi (Eric) Sun
This document discusses bi-directional DC-DC converters for fuel cell systems. It evaluates different converter topologies for combining a current-fed converter on the low-voltage side with a voltage-fed converter on the high-voltage side. Testing showed that a full-bridge current-fed converter on the low-voltage side paired with a full-bridge voltage-fed converter on the high-voltage side had higher efficiency than a combination using an L-type half-bridge current-fed converter on the low-voltage side. The full-bridge current-fed converter was able to achieve zero-voltage switching and had 5% higher efficiency than the L-type half-bridge converter.
Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Powerijtsrd
In this project qualitative analysis and controller design of a TI-SEPIC converter for optimal utilization photovoltaic power is presented. This converter is essentially combination of conventional buck and SEPIC converters sharing common components. On the account of the integration load side only one inductor is sufficient enough for performing the power conversion in both Buck and SEPIC converters. Here the function of the lower SEPIC converter is to extract maximum power from the PV and feeds into the load, while the remaining load power demand is supplied by the dc source through a voltage-mode controlled buck converter. Proposed integrated Converter performance is verified through MAT/SIM software simulations and then verified with measurement results obtained the laboratory prototype converter system. A.S.Valarmathy"Implementation of TI-SEPIC Converter for Optimal Utilization Of PV Power" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2393.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/2393/implementation-of-ti-sepic-converter-for-optimal-utilization-of-pv-power/asvalarmathy
In present days of electrical industries, adjustable speed controlled induction
motor drives are very common due to its versatile features. For the speed control of induction
motor, variable frequency sources are the heart of such drives. To attain variable frequency
and variable voltage supply a power electronics device; single phase matrix converter is
proposed.
In this paper, the single phase matrix converter is modeled in MATLAB Simulink
environment; controlled with sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, control scheme is
implemented in a Xilinx system generator environment and interfaced with power circuit in
MATLAB Simulink. Analyses this SPMC with different type of loads in both frequency step
up and step down modes. Based on simulation results, this converter is suitable for variable
frequency power supplies, varying load conditions and variable speed electrical drives.
FPGA control is best suitable for controlling a circuit like SPMC, consists of more
controlled elements to attain fast operation.
Comparison of Performance for Power Quality Improved EV Battery Chargers usin...IRJET Journal
- The document compares the performance of two power factor correction converters - the bridgeless Cuk converter and SEPIC PFC converter - for improving power quality in electric vehicle battery chargers.
- Simulations of an EV battery charging system using the two converters show their effectiveness in reducing total harmonic distortion, improving power factor, achieving high efficiency, and maintaining a stable output voltage.
- The findings help select and design efficient and reliable EV charging systems, contributing to grid stability, and lay the groundwork for future advances in power electronics for EV charging applications.
1) The document discusses a study of suitable bidirectional DC-DC converter topologies that are essential for battery charge regulation in photovoltaic applications.
2) It analyzes different bidirectional converter circuit options and determines that a particular 2-switch topology is best suited due to its simplicity, efficiency and ability to support both maximum power point tracking and battery charge control.
3) Simulation results of the proposed system using MATLAB/Simulink show the battery state of charge, current and voltage waveforms under charging and discharging conditions regulated by the bidirectional converter.
The document describes a system for controlling an electric vehicle charging station using solar power and an intelligent controller. It includes:
1) An MPPT system using a PV module, DC-DC boost converter, and fuzzy logic controller to extract maximum power from solar panels and charge batteries.
2) A 100AH battery charged by a solar PV panel and boost converter producing 400V, then stepped down to the battery's 220V requirement.
3) A bidirectional AC-DC rectifier connected to the grid, and DC-DC converters connecting the grid and EV for charging and discharging the vehicle battery.
VEHICLE-TO-GRID TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYING DC FAST CHARGING SYSTEM IN MICROGRIDIRJET Journal
This document discusses vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology using DC fast charging in a microgrid system. It proposes an architecture that uses bidirectional battery chargers and grid-tied inverters to enable power transfer between electric vehicle batteries and the microgrid. The system is modeled and simulated. Simulation results show that electric vehicle batteries can effectively regulate power in the microgrid using V2G and G2V concepts with DC fast charging. Harmonic analysis shows that the LCL filter maintains current distortion within IEEE limits.
A Resonant Converter with LLC for DC-to-DC Converter Based ApplicationsIJMTST Journal
This document discusses a current mode control scheme for LLC series resonant DC-to-DC converters used for electric vehicle battery chargers. The proposed current mode control employs feedback from the resonant tank current to nullify effects of changes in power stage dynamics, improving performance over conventional voltage mode control. The LLC converter has multiple resonant modes depending on operating frequency and load. Experimental results show the current mode control achieves 97.96% peak efficiency for a 6.6 kW, 390V to 250-450V converter. Future work will focus on design optimization and a simpler design procedure.
1) The document discusses isolated and non-isolated bi-directional DC/DC converters for use in a Formula Hybrid electric vehicle.
2) It evaluates two isolated uni-directional converter topologies and discusses the working principles of three bi-directional converter topologies.
3) The goal is to determine the most efficient topology by conducting a comparative analysis to minimize losses.
This document presents a new sensorless commutation method for brushless DC motors. The key features of the proposed method are:
1) It extracts commutation signals directly from average line-to-line motor terminal voltages using simple RC filters and comparators, without needing phase shift circuits, motor neutral voltage measurements, or AD converters.
2) In contrast to conventional methods that detect back EMF zero crossings, the proposed method's commutation signals are in phase with ideal timing and insensitive to common mode noise.
3) Experimental results over a wide speed range show the proposed method provides satisfactory sensorless control performance while achieving significantly lower cost than conventional techniques.
Buck-Boost Control of Four Quadrant Chopper using Symmetrical Impedance Netwo...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper proposes buck-boost capabilities of four quadrant chopper for wide range speed control of DC motor drives using symmetrical impedance network called Z-source network. By controlling the shoot through duty ratio from 0 to 0.5 and non-shoot through techniques, the Z-source four quadrant choppers can produce any desired DC voltage across the DC motor. The switching patterns for both buck and boost operations are presented to achieve four modes of operation of DC motor. As a result, the proposed model will have ride through capability during voltage sags, manage during voltage swells, used in any types of DC voltage sources such as fuel cell and solar cell and improve the reliability by reducing EMI noise. Analysis and simulation results are presented to demonstrate these new findings.
This document describes several alternative dual-bridge matrix converter topologies that have a reduced number of switches compared to a conventional matrix converter. It discusses how the dual-bridge topology avoids commutation problems of the conventional design. It then introduces several dual-bridge topologies with fewer switches, including 18-, 15-, 12-, and 9-switch variations. It analyzes the characteristics and operation of these topologies, and presents simulation and experimental results for the 9-switch design to validate its feasibility.
Hybrid Energy System using Non Isolated Dc –Dc ConverterIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed non-isolated DC-DC converter for a hybrid energy storage system using photovoltaic and wind power sources. The converter is designed to interface the photovoltaic cells, wind source, and load independently using a combination of parallel boost converters. It can enable bidirectional power flow between the PV, wind, and load. The converter operates in three modes - dual output mode where PV charges storage and powers load, dual input mode where PV and storage power load, and single input/output mode where only storage powers load. Simulation results demonstrate the different voltage waveforms in each operating mode. The converter aims to optimize hybrid energy storage and ensure stable and efficient system operation using a single-stage conversion approach.
Operation of brushless dc motor drive with zetastudent
1) The document describes a brushless DC motor drive system using a Zeta converter for water pumping applications. A Zeta converter is a fourth-order DC-DC converter that can operate in both step-up and step-down modes.
2) The system uses a sensorless control method for the BLDC motor based on measuring the differences in back-electromotive force between motor phases to determine rotor position without position sensors.
3) Experimental results show that the BLDC motor pumping system using a Zeta converter can achieve good performance under starting, dynamic, and steady-state conditions with reduced switching losses compared to other converter topologies.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new circuit topology combining an indirect matrix converter (IMC) and DC/DC boost converter. The IMC connects two power sources without an electrolytic capacitor in the DC-link. The boost converter utilizes the neutral point of the motor and its leakage inductance as a reactor. This reduces the size and improves reliability over existing converters. The proposed circuit is simulated and experimentally validated with a 750W prototype driving an induction motor, achieving 96% efficiency with low current THD.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This document summarizes a research paper on a single-phase single-stage multi-level AC-DC converter for power factor correction. It presents a five-level AC-DC converter topology that can achieve high power quality with reduced voltage stress. The converter consists of an AC input section, five-level DC-DC converter, and DC link. It operates in five modes to generate five distinct output voltage levels. Simulation results show the converter achieves power factor correction at the input and regulated output voltage. The five-level topology is an improvement over previous three-level converters as it further reduces voltage stress on the switches.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
A hybrid cascaded multilevel converter for battery 2Ki Tu
This document describes a hybrid cascaded multilevel converter proposed for use in electric vehicle battery energy management systems. The converter consists of half-bridge converters connected to each individual battery cell that can control whether the cell is connected to or bypassed from the circuit. All the half-bridges are cascaded to output a multi-level staircase voltage. An H-bridge converter then changes the direction of the DC bus voltages to generate AC voltages for driving the motor. The converter allows for independent control and balancing of each battery cell's state of charge while generating cleaner multilevel output voltages suitable for motor drives.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
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efficient topology for ev battery charging.docx
1. Abstract
A choice of logical converter topology plays a notable role in the battery
charging of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, snubber less stage of
rectifier cascaded with snubber less stage of the dc-dc converter is proposed
in which stage I eliminates the need of front-end rectifier, and no further
circuitry is required for switching operation of rectifier stage. Due to pulse
width modulation (PWM) switches share the samegating signal for positive
as well as negative cycle operation. Second stage converter uses
asymmetrical pulse width modulation (APWM) technique in which zero
voltage switching (ZVS) is achieved for all active switches, and near zero
current switching (ZCS) for low side, active switches are attained duringthe
charging range of the battery. The size of auxiliary inductance required
is decreased for ZVS with APWM compared to previously proposed
APWM with snubber circuitry. Due to a reduction in the size of auxiliary
inductor andabsence of snubber circuit results in an efficient battery charger
topology. The MATLAB simulation is done of the proposed converter to
validate the results.
2. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
6
CONTENTS
Title Page 1
Certificate 2
Declaration 3
Abstract 4
Acknowledgements 5
Contents 6
List of Figures 7
Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 8-9
1.1 Introduction 8
1.2 Problem Statement 9
Chapter 2: PROPOSED MODEL 10
Chapter 3: CIRCUIT SWITCHING MODES 11-12
Chapter 4:CIRCUIT DESIGN AND OPERATION 13-20
4.1 Hardware
4.2 Software
13
13
4.3 Modes of operation
4.4 Simulink Representation
14-19
20
4.5 Subsystem 20
Chapter 5: RESULTS 21-25
5.1 Simulation Results 21-24
5.2 Global annual sales Graph 24
5.3 Benefits of EV battery charging 25
5.4 Advantages of EV battery charging 25
5.5 Disadvantages of EV battery charging 25
Chapter 6: CONCLUSION 26
Chapter 7: FUTURE SCOPE AND REFERENCES 27
3. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
7
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Electric vehicle battery charging station 9
Figure 2: Block Diagram 10
Figure 3: Circuit structure 11
Figure 4: Circuit Diagram 13
Figure 5: Mode of operation -1 14
Figure 6: Mode of operation -2 15
Figure 7: Mode of operation -3 15
Figure 8: Mode of operation -4 16
Figure 9: Mode of operation -5 16
Figure 10: Mode of operation -6 17
Figure 11: Mode of operation -7 17
Figure 12: Mode of operation -8 18
Figure 13: Mode of operation -9 18
Figure 14: Mode of operation -10 19
Figure 15: Mode of operation -11 19
Figure 16: Simulink Representation Diagram 20
Figure 17: Subsystem diagram 20
Figure 18: Annual sales Graph 24
4. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
8
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Urban transportation has a solution in the form of electric vehicles
(EVs) which can provide a solution to environmental as well as
economic problems of the society which is the major discussion point
now a day’s.
Generally, for >400 W battery charging system two-stage cascaded ac-
dc and isolated dc-dc converter for power conditioning is used.
Moreover, to reduce conduction losses and variation in the DC link
voltage many topologies but these are associated with drawbacks of a
large number of passive element and reduced power density.
In isolated dc-dc converter stage efficiency, reliability, power density,
compliance, and isolation are some important features for selecting a
suitable configuration.
Usually, isolated dc-dc converters with phase shifted modulation
(PSM) has been preferred by many researchers, but it has various
drawbacks like duty cycle loss, secondary rectifier diode having high
voltage spikes, electromagnetic induction (EMI), zero voltage
switching (ZVS) is associating with narrow load range for active
switches.
5. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
9
1.2 PROBLE STATEMENT
If the charging process is done without any control or balancing, which
results improper charging.
Using a single converter, the battery cannot meet the ratings.
For this reason, controlling techniques are introduced.
Fig 1. Electric vehicle battery charging station
6. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
10
CHAPTER 2
PROPOSED MODEL
The general overview of the proposed topology in which two stages of
the converter is controlled by using PI controller separately.
Stage I can maintain constant dc link voltage with low conduction and
switching losses which acts as an input for stage II of the converter. In
stage II isolated dc-dc converter is used so that higher power
applications should easily achieve.
In this paper, an EV battery charger topology is proposed which is
ideally suitable for 3.8 KW battery charging. Stage I of the proposed
topology does not contain a diode bridge rectifier, and stage II
comprises of the isolated dc-dc converter which ensures ZVS turn on
for all active switches and ZCS turn off for output diode switches over
the entire range of battery charging. This converter ensures high
efficiency, simple control, and high reliability.
In this topology, inductor size, the current flowing through it and
conduction loss at the primary side is compared with previously
proposed topology Hence, the overall efficiency of the proposed
topology gets increases concerning conventionally used PSM gating
method topologies. To control switching simple PI controller is used in
the closed-loop analysis.
Fig 2. Block diagram
7. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
11
CHAPTER 3
CIRCUIT SWITCHING MODES
1) Zero Voltage Switching.
Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) means that the power to the load (heater
or cooler or other device) is switched on or off only when the output
voltage is zero volts.
The ZVS controls the load in a manner similar to the thermostat and
dimmer stat but the relative on/off times are measured in cycles.
The zero voltage switch is designed to always switch the thyristors
(TRIACs or SCRs) as close as possible to the time when the supply
voltage waveform crosses the zero line, or passes through zero. If a
thyristor is triggered at the zero crossing, the RFI generated will be
almost negligible and this particular disadvantage of phase control is
overcome.
Control over average load power is achieved by switching the load on
in bursts. For example, a low level of load power may be achieved by
switching the thyristor on for five cycles and off for twenty cycles.
Fig 3. Circuit Structure
8. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
12
2) Zero current Switching.
ZCS can eliminate the switching losses at turnoff and reduce the
switching losses at turn-on. As a relatively large capacitor is connected
across the output diode during resonance, the converter operation
becomes insensitive to the diode's junction capacitance.
When power MOSFETs are zero-current switched on, the energy stored
in the device's capacitance will be dissipated. This capacitive turn-on
loss is proportional to the switching frequency.
During turn-on, considerable rate of change of voltage can be coupled
to the gate drive circuit through the Miller capacitor, thus increasing
switching loss and noise. Another limitation is that the switches are
under high current stress, resulting in higher conduction loss. However,
it should be noted that ZCS is particularly effective in reducing
switching loss for power devices (such as IGBT) with large tail current
in the turn-off process.
9. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
13
CHAPTER 4
CIRCUIT DESIGN AND OPERATION
4.1 HARDWARE:
AC-DC Converter
DC-DC Converter
Li ion Battery
Capacitors
Diodes
Inductors
Transformers
Switches
4.2 SOFTWARE:
MATLAB SOFTWARE (R2009a)
• Design and implementation of circuit diagram by using Simulink.
Fig 4. Circuit Diagram
10. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
14
4.3 MODES OF OPERATION:
The operating principle of the proposed topology is divided into the
mode I to mode IX for understanding the working of topology.
It is sub divided into eleven consecutive time intervals where change
is observed in voltage and current characteristics during charging of Li-
ion battery.
S1,S2 are in ON condition and capacitor C1 discharge through S1 and
S2 switches.
Fig 5. Mode-1
11. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
15
At the end of mode1 lower capacitor discharge takes place as same as
upper capacitor.
S3 is in OFF state and S6 is in ON state.
Fig 7. Mode-3
Fig 6. Mode-2
12. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
16
In this mode the upper capacitor '2Ca' charges through switch S5.
Both the upper and lower capacitors are discharged through S5 and S6
switches respectively.
Fig 8. Mode-4
Fig 9. Mode-5
13. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
17
S1 and S2 are in OFF state and C1 is in charging condition.
Fig 10. Mode-6
Fig 11. Mode-7
14. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
18
Conduction takes place through S6 and S4 is conducting.
Fig 12. Mode-8
Fig 13. Mode-9
15. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
19
Upper capacitor is charged through body Diode S3 and lower capacitor
gets discharged through S4.
Fig 14. Mode-10
Fig 15. Mode-11
16. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
20
4.4 SIMULINK REPRESENTATION:
4.5 SUB SYSTEM:
Fig 16. Simulink Representation Diagram
Fig 17. Subsystem Diagram
17. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
21
CHAPTER 5
RESULTS
5.1 SIMULATION RESULTS:
Pulse signals which are applying to the switch (MOSFET).
Voltage waveforms across the switch S3.
Voltage waveforms across the switch S4.
18. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
22
Voltage waveforms across the switch S5.
Voltage waveforms across the switch S6.
Current waveforms across the capacitor C1 while charging and
discharging time.
19. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
23
Current waveforms across the capacitor C2 while charging and
discharging time.
Charging and discharging current of resonant capacitor.
Current waveforms are across the auxiliary inductor.
20. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
24
Waveforms across input current for the DC-DC converter.
5.2 GLOBAL ANNUAL SALES OF EV’S:
Fig 18. Annual sales graph
21. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
25
5.3 BENEFITS OF EV BATTERY CHARGING:
Charging process is managed and controlled.
Provides a cost-effective solution.
Indirectly provides a eco friendly alternative.
Exploits maximum use of already available infrastructure thus enables
a quick market penetration of EV’s.
5.4 ADVANTAGES OF EV BATTERY CHARGING:
One of the best advantages of using the EV is it saves the environment
to be polluted from the fossil fuels. With the increase in the population
and their desires which is causing global warming can be reduced with
the EV.
More quiet.
Cheaper and easy to charge.
Best speed experience.
5.5 DISADVANTAGES OF EV BATTERY CHARGING:
It consumes time depending on the charger source is used.
The unavailability of the required charging stations in India.
Apart from AC chargers, DC chargers are more powerful and faster,
they can charge an electric car with a maximum range of 40 miles in
just one hour. But, DC chargers are very expensive.
Though EV has better facilities to its consumers it also has both
advantages and disadvantages.
22. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
26
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION
The performance of the EV battery charging strategy considering
operating modes are demonstrated through simulation of resonant
converters.
These converters with various configurations are shown in MATLAB
software to obtain the exact result of the battery charging.
A more sophisticated control strategy for different levels with new
configurations can be extended from the result of this work.
Li-ion batteries can be recharged according many different charging
techniques which can more or less complicate the charger architecture
and control.
In particular, the standard charging strategy are simplest since they
don’t require model information to charge the battery. Furthermore,
they can be realized with very basic circuits, keeping the costs of the
charger to a minimum.
On the other hand, the charging strategies based on electrochemical
models, taking into account the internal dynamics of the battery,
consider also the aging of the battery and other constraints, hence
resulting in greater accuracy and. All this is at the expense of cost and
computational difficulty.
Finally, the silicon switching devices are expected to be replaced by
wide bandgap silicon carbide (SiC) devices in order to allow a
remarkable reduction in charger’s weight and volume.
23. An Efficient Topology For Electric Vehicle Battery Charging
27
CHAPTER 7
FUTURE SCOPE
This project will enhance the efficient usage of wastage power while
charging the battery.
To provide an eco-friendly environment.
To implement the charging stations instead of Filling stations.
Beneficiary in conservation of Renewable sources.
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