This document discusses strategies for improving the use of PowerPoint in classroom presentations and online learning. It summarizes criticisms of over reliance on PowerPoint from Edward Tufte and others. It then provides recommendations for improving PowerPoint through sound instructional design, visual literacy, message design using principles like contrast and alignment, and leveraging multimedia. It notes the rules change for online presentations where interactivity and file size are more important considerations.

1. Creating Effective Presentations and Lectures

2. Learning Objectives You will be able to describe some of the issues surrounding the use of PowerPoint You will have a list of strategies that you can use to improve the use of PowerPoint in your classroom or online ______________________________

3. PowerPoint = Presentation If, PowerPoint = Presentation & If, Presentation = Lecture Then, does PowerPoint = Lecture?

4. Critics of PowerPoint Death by PowerPoint Official: PowerPoint is bad for Brains Bad PowerPoint: When is enough enough? PowerPoint: Shot with its own bullets. PowerPoint is evil Does PowerPoint make us Stupid? PowerPoint: Can software edit our thoughts?

5. Gettysburg: Where it all began? http://norvig.com/Gettysburg/ http://norvig.com/Gettysburg/sld001.htm

6. The PowerPoint Critic Edward Tufte Cognitive Style of PowerPoint

7. Edward Tufte’s Criticisms Low resolution Bullet outlines dilute thought Deeply hierarchical and linear structure Fragments narrative and data Preoccupation with format, not content Decoration and phluff

8. Critiques of Tufte Focused on presentations—not learning Blames the tool Over-emphasis on content Doesn’t offer any strategies to improve PowerPoint ________________________________ ________________________________

9. Tufte’s Implicit Recommendations Use more useful visuals or give handouts Use clear headings, numbered lists or very few bulleted outlines Design and leverage PowerPoint’s non-linear and non-hierarchical capabilities Use plain, non-distracting backgrounds; use information rich and relevant images

10. Critiques Tufte Missed Additional Critiques of PowerPoint Teacher centered Technology centered Screen centered __________________________________

11. Four ways to use PowerPoint For presentations To teach a face-to-face class Computer-based & online learning Student Assignments

12. Strategies to Improve PowerPoint 1. Sound Instructional Design 2. Visual Literacy & Message Design

13. Instructional Design Instructional Design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction. It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities ; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities.

14. Visual Literacy “ Visual literacy is … the ability to understand and use images, including the ability to think, learn, and express oneself in terms of images”

15. Message Design Robin Williams The Non-Designers Design Book

16. CARP C ontrast A lignment R epetition P roximity

17. Contrast Bad Good

18. Alignment Good Today I went to the store to buy an apple for my grandmother. Bad Today I went to the store to buy an apple for my grandmother.

19. Repetition Bad Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd Good Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd Conclusion kdkdkdkd

20. Proximity Bad Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd Good Introduction xkdkdkdkdkd Body kdkdkdkd Conclusion kdkdkdkd

21. Font Size and Type Matter Bad FONT Good Font

22. Non-linguistic Representations Good Bad

23. Multimedia: Audio & Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cagxPlVqrtM Example #1: Link to audio and video

24. Multimedia: Audio & Video Example #2: Embed audio and video

25. Delivering PowerPoint Presentations

26. Presentation Tips Test your PowerPoint before giving it Learn how to move from slide to slide Use the “B” key or the “W” key to turn it off Don’t be locked to a podium Use numbers to navigate your slides

27. Some Rules of Thumb PPT should support learning objectives Avoid PowerPoint templates Avoid using more than one level of bullets Less is better: less words & less slides Avoid distracting clip art or unrelated images Avoid distracting slide transitions Use CARP to improve design Avoid using all CAPS Leverage the multimedia: visual & audio when appropriately Don’t let PowerPoint control your teaching Handouts are available

28. The Rules Change Online This slide is an example of what a PowerPoint slide online might look like: More content is better online When developing PowerPoint presentations for online learning, the rules change. The number one reason is because your audience is now sitting right at a computer screen. Therefore, while the two central principles (i.e., sound instructional design and sound message design) remain important because learners often skim instead of read content online, the actual development of the PowerPoint presentation changes and becomes more like designing a webpage. Implications The number one way this impacts faculty is by the fact that one presentation cannot and should not be used for classroom and online courses—that is, unless you are going to include audio or video to supplement the slides.

29. The Rules Change Online This slide is another example of what a PowerPoint slide online might look like: Interactivity When developing PowerPoint presentations online, it is important to recognize and take advantage of the fact that your learner is now able to interact with your presentation. Therefore, including URL’s, video, audio, games, quizzes, can all strengthen your presentation as a learning experience. Bandwidth The size of your files, images that you use, and any video components takes on new importance. As a general rule of thumb, it is hard to email anything over 4mb so you should strive to keep your PowerPoint presentations under 4mb. Home :: Week 1 :: Quiz 1 :: Week 2 :: Quiz 2 :: Week 3 :: Quiz 3 ::  Back | Home | Next 

30. Moving Beyond Text Interactivity MS Producer for PowerPoint Articulate Presenter Impatica for PowerPoint Games Digital Stories We need to think of ways to get students to interact and actively engage in their learning. MS Producer is a good tool if you want to add audio and video to your slides. It is also free! Articulate Presenter offers a seamless (but expensive) alternative to Producer. Also has quiz making tools. Impatica is an easy tool to covert PowerPoint slides for the web. PowerPoint can used to create learning games to engage students online Digital stories can be an effective way to build teacher presence online.

31. Resources Resources: PowerPoint Viewer http://tinyurl.com/3buwr5 PowerPoint Producer http://tinyurl.com/4mcn69 Articulate http://www.articulate.com/ Impatica http://www.impatica.com/imp4ppt/index.html Games http://it.coe.uga.edu/wwild/index.html or http://www.internet4classrooms.com/on-line_powerpoint.htm Digital Stories http://www.storycenter.org

32. Selected References Gall, J., & Lohr, L. L. (2005). Dancing with the Devil: Can Good People Still Use PowerPoint? Retrieved April 30, 2006, from http://www.coe.unco.edu/JimGall/DevilDancing.pdf Lohr, L. L. (2003). Creating graphics for learning and performance: Lessons in visual literacy. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill Prentice Hall. Norvig, P. (n.d). The making of the Gettysburg PowerPoint presentation. Retrieved May 5, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/Gettysburg/making.html Norvig, P. (n.d.). The Gettysburg PowerPoint presentation. Retrieved January 1, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/Gettysburg/ Norvig, P. (n.d.). PowerPoint: Shot with its own bullets. Retrieved April 1, 2006, from http://www.norvig.com/lancet.html Tufte, E. (2003a). The cognitive style of PowerPoint. Cheshire, CN: Graphics Press Tufte, E. (2003b). PowerPoint is evil: Power corrupts. PowerPoint corrupts absolutely. Wired Retrieved 11.09, from http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/11.09/ppt2.html Wineburg, S. (2004). Must it be this way? Ten rules for keeping your audience awake during conferences. Educational Researcher, 33(4), 13-14. Winn, W. (1993). Perception principles. In M. Fleming & H. W. Levie (Eds.), Instructional message design: Principles from the behavioral and cognitive sciences. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Educational Technology Publications.

33. Copy of Presentation www.patricklowenthal.com/powerpoint/powerpoint.pdf