This presentation provides an introduction into the basics of heat treating, primarily steel alloys. Heat treat processes for strengthening steel, or through hardening, using quench and temper, martempering, and austempering will be introduced and explained using the iron-carbon phase diagram and time-temperature-transformation diagrams to help understand the transformations occurring.
Precipitation hardening techniques will be introduced, which apply to one group of stainless steels, aluminum alloys and high performance materials. Common surface hardening techniques such as case hardening and carburizing will also be discussed. Various processes for reducing strength, or softening steel, will be presented. Preheat and post-heat treatments applied during welding will also be briefly discussed.
This presentation provides an introduction into the basics of heat treating, primarily steel alloys. Heat treat processes for strengthening steel, or through hardening, using quench and temper, martempering, and austempering will be introduced and explained using the iron-carbon phase diagram and time-temperature-transformation diagrams to help understand the transformations occurring.
Precipitation hardening techniques will be introduced, which apply to one group of stainless steels, aluminum alloys and high performance materials. Common surface hardening techniques such as case hardening and carburizing will also be discussed. Various processes for reducing strength, or softening steel, will be presented. Preheat and post-heat treatments applied during welding will also be briefly discussed.
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
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Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
An introduction to various welding processes, suitable for all welding students and welding professionals like welder, supervisor, inspector, engineer.
Rolling mills are used to reduce the width and increase the hardness of the metal. They are often used in steel industries. It is an energy efficient / energy saving process that produces more uniform, lower fines and larger particles for product quality.
Steel Making and Rolling (Metalworking): Process & Applications, Rod and Bar...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
The steel industry has taken note of the continued growth in steel imports and a number of projects have been planned and are under implementation.In rolling mills, intermediate steel products are given their final shape and dimension in a series of shaping and finishing operations. Rolling of steel is one of the most important manufacturing processes for steel. It is usually the first step in the processing of steel after it is made and cast either in Ingot or continuous cast product in a steel melting shop.
See more
http://goo.gl/lUUh86
http://goo.gl/fSIHG7
http://goo.gl/4os7IE
http://www.entrepreneurindia.co/
Tags
Business guidance for steel rolling industry, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business plan for steel rolling mill, Business start-up, Fusion welding processes, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hot rolled steel properties, Hot rolling mill process, Hot Rolling Mill, Hot Rolling mill, Hot Strip Mill, How is Steel Produced, How to Start a Steel Production Business, How to start a successful steel rolling business, How to start steel mill industry, How to Start Steel rolling Industry in India, How to start steel rolling mill, Indian Steel Industry, Industrial steel rolling mill, Modern steel making technology, Most Profitable Steel Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Steel rolling industry, Opportunity Steel Rolling Mill, Plate Mill, Process & Applications, Process of steelmaking, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Progress and Prospect of Rolling Technology, Project for startups, Rod and Bar Rolling, Rod and bar rolling, Rolling Metalworking, Rolling Mill for Steel Bars, Rolling process, Setting up and opening your steel rolling Business, Small scale Commercial steel rolling business, Small Scale Steel rolling Projects, Small Start-up Business Project, Start a Rolling Mill Industry, Start steel rolling mill in India, Starting a Steel Business, Starting a Steel rolling Business, Starting Steel Mini Mill, Start-up Business Plan for steel rolling, Startup Project for steel rolling business, Steel and hot rolling Business, Steel Based Profitable Projects, Steel Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Steel business plan, Steel hot rolling process, Steel Industry in India, Steel making and rolling, Steel making Projects, Steel making technology, Steel Making, Steel manufacturing process, Steel mill process, Steel mill, Steel production process, Steel rerolling mill feasibility start up, Steel rolling Industry in India, Steel rolling machine factory, Steel rolling mill industry demand, Steel rolling mill industry overview, Steel rolling mill industry, Steel rolling mill market forecast, Steel rolling mill market growth, Steel rolling mill market, Steel rolling mill size, Steel rolling mill starts production, Steel rolling mill, Steel Rolling Technology, Steelmaking, Steelmaking Processes, Types of rolling mills
An introduction to various welding processes, suitable for all welding students and welding professionals like welder, supervisor, inspector, engineer.
Rolling mills are used to reduce the width and increase the hardness of the metal. They are often used in steel industries. It is an energy efficient / energy saving process that produces more uniform, lower fines and larger particles for product quality.
Increasing the Strength and Reliability of Press FitsDesign World
Retaining compounds increase the strength and reliability of traditional press and shrink fits. Retaining compounds improve the distribution of stress, which increases maximum load transmission and performance. They create a physical barrier that eliminates fretting, oxidation and galvanic corrosion, which increase service life.
Recent chemical advances in retaining address assembly process variables including gaps, surface finish and cleanliness ensuring consistent performance. Application equipment provides repeatable precision dispensing.
• Recent innovations in retaining: tolerance, higher temperature resistance, primerless formulas
• New data on retaining advancements: test results on strength, oil and chemical tolerance
• How to use retaining compounds to augment a press fit for increased reliability
• Application case histories for retaining including cost and performance
BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITYBAHIR DAR INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BiT)FACULTY OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING Rapid Prototyping & Reverse Engineering [MEng6123]
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts
Post processing of AM parts Preparation for use as a Pattern Often
Guidelines for process selection
Guidelines for process selection Approaches to Selection
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
In this example, it is decided to allow customization of certain features.
Only standard 12 mm diameter x 100 mm length bolts will be used for the inner bore, therefore, these dimensions will be constrained.
Customers will be allowed to customize all other features of the caster wheel
within allowable ranges for this model wheel, as displayed in the table below.
Guidelines for process selection - Selection Example
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
In this example, we examine two weighting scenarios (relative importance ratings).
Scenario 2
All selection attributes were equally weighted.
Guidelines for process selection Selection Example
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce cost and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios. It became interesting for scientists and manufacturers due to its ability to produce fully dense metal parts and large near-net-shape products. WAAM is mostly used in modern industries, like aerospace industry. There are three heat sources commonly used in WAAM: metal inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and plasma arc welding (PAW). MIG is easier and more convenient than TIG and PAW because it uses a continuous wire spool with the welding torch. Unlike MIG, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma arc welding (PAW) need an external wire feed machine to supply the additive materials. WAAM is gaining popularity in the fabrication of 3D metal components, but the process is hard to control due to its inherent residual stress and distortion, which are generated by the high thermal input from its heat sources. Distortion and residual stress are always a challenge for WAAM because they can affect the component’s geometric accuracy and drastically degrade the mechanical properties of the components.
The death of a truck operator in the USA in 2018 at a Peabody mine as a result of a fire highlights the importance of installing fire suppression systems. Firestorm has been involved in the world's largest retrofit of fire supression systems on buses. While buses may be considered simple for fire protection versus a mining machine, buses can carry up to 100 passengers and typically there is a lack of mechanical protection with the majority of the body made of fibreglass, wood and plastics that burn very quickly and are highly toxic. The risk for multiple deaths is therefore a much higher factor compared with a mining machine with one operator. The risk assessment required in AS5062-2016 needs to consider the egress paths available for an operator/passenger to safely evacuate the machine and consideration for actuators and fire extinguishers along this path.
Changes to laws in 2016 required the removal of PFAS and PFOS in both Queensland and South Australia with penalties noe effective for non-compliance. Several NSW mines have been put on notice by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to prevent further contamination of waterways. Firestorm is now moving away from exposing our own people to PFAS/PFOS systems to ensure we are providing best practice even though laws are not yet in place for NSW. This presentation looks at what it means if you choose to move away from PFAS/PFOS systems.
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
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#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Effect of boron content on steels and recommended practice for welding Sasanka Sinha
1. Effect of Boron Content on Steels and
Recommended Practice for Welding
27th September 2018 | By Sasanka Sinha
www.weldaustralia.com.au | info@weldaustralia.com.au | +61 (0)2 8748 0100
2. What Does Boron Do To Steels
• Boron is beneficial to steels in low concentrations
• Improve steel hardness and impact properties
• A minimum of 0.0005% B is recommended in carbon steels and 0.0012% in Q&T
steels
• In higher concentrations, boron can cause significant structural damage
• Can influence the formation of martensite
• Decreased fatigue life
• Increased carbon equivalence
• Decreases ductility and weldability within steels
• A maximum of 0.0008% B is recommended in carbon steels and 0.0030% in Q&T
steels
3. • Low fatigue life results in a shorter
functional lifespan of mining
equipment, excavators, structures,
etc.
• Increased costs for maintenance of
equipment
• Martensite formation may result in
sudden failure of structural supports
• Sudden failure can be catastrophic
to safety
Limitations of High Boron Steel in Mining
4. • ISO 4948 recommends separate
boron concentration ranges for
carbon steels and Q&T steels
• AS/NZS 1554.1 introduced a
maximum boron concentration for
prequalified steels in welding
• No Australian standard covers
welding of high boron steels
• This paper provides guidance for
the welding of high boron steels
Recommended
Boron Range for
Steels
Minimum Maximum
Carbon Steels 0.0005% 0.0008%
Quenched and
Tempered Steels
0.0012% 0.0030%
How Standards Regulate Boron Control
5. Parameters to Consider While Welding
• Concentration
• Boron Concentration
• Carbon Equivalence
• Measuring Boron
• Temperature
• Preheat Temperature
• Interpass Temperature
• Post Weld Heat Treatment
6. • A high boron concentration can
dramatically increase the carbon
equivalence in steels
• This can cause martensite to form
more readily
• Multiple formulas have been
developed to calculate the carbon
equivalency (CE)
Concentration
7. • Recommended practice is to
calculate the carbon equivalent
value
• Manufacturers should check for
boron compliance on the mill
certificate
Concentration
8. • Measuring boron can be done using
the following techniques:
• Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
(EDX)
• Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic
Emission Spectroscopy (ICP)
• X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF)
• Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES)
Concentration
EDX
• Highest Sensitivity
• Requires Electron Microscope
ICP
• High Accuracy
• Reliable Results
XRF
• Portable
• Low Accuracy
OES
• Readily Available
• Low Accuracy
9. • Martensite forms when the cooling
rate in steels are too high
• To restrict grain transformation of
martensite, the cooling rate must be
slowed and/or monitored
• Time temperature graphs can
indicate which cooling rates will not
form martensite
Temperature
10. • The best practice would be to
develop a weld procedure
specification (WPS)
• The WPS should note the preheat
temperature, interpass
temperature, and post weld heat
treatment for the weld
• Welders using a WPS should be
qualified to follow the instructions
of the WPS
Temperature
13. • Without best practice, quality
management cannot be achieved
• Safety can only be guaranteed with
quality management
• The implementation of procedures
and practices laid out by Standards
and work instructions ensure both
quality and safety
• Implementation is key!
“When selecting the appropriate weld quality
management requirements, the application
requirements determine the design code or
standard, which sets materials, fabrication and
inspection specifics to economically and safely
deliver the required technology or product.”
- Louise Petrick,
Weld Australia
Quality is Safety
14. For a repair on a mining excavator, a
repair strategy was developed. This
included:
• Inspection of the excavator
• Design of a repair strategy
• Preparation for the repair
• Implementation of a weld
procedure
Case Study: Weld Repair on an Excavator
15. • To understand the weld repair
required, a visual inspection was
conducted
• A visual inspection is a very
powerful tool for failure analysis
• Allows us to determine the root cause
of failure
• Useful to determine the extent of
damage
• Assists in the development of repair
strategy
Inspection of the Excavator
16. Checklists for Repair Strategy
Failure Details
• Crack initiation
point
• Load conditions
on cracked area
• Nature of crack
Repair Information
• Information
available
• Accessibility of
welding
• Availability of
welding
equipment
• Results of
gouging
Personnel
Involvement
• Authorisation of
weld repair
• Ability of welders
• Qualifications
within welding
personnel
Details of
Excavator
• Is it a repeat
repair?
• Machine purpose
and use
• Hours of
excavator
operation
17. Repair Strategies Are Unique
• The machine being repaired may exist under special environmental
conditions (e.g. windy environments restrict the use of gas shielding)
• The location of repair may be difficult to access (e.g. the track frame of the
excavator may restrict access to the repair)
• The size of the repair may affect the repair process
18. Preparation
Checking
Cracks
Check Size &
Position of
Cracks
Cause of
Problems
Study of Repair
Methods
Gouging and
Grinding
Fit-Up of Part
for Welding
Repair
Issue Weld
Procedure
Weld to Given
Procedure
Visual
Inspection,
UT/RT
Weld Profile
Improvement
Painting
Reassembly &
Final Check
Typical Repair Strategy
19. • Visual inspection revealed worn out
edges
• Fractured weld surface revealed lack
of fusion at the weld
• Serious manufacturing deficiency
• Grinding and magnetic particle
testing was done on track frame
• Weld build-up was carried out on
the edges
Case Study – Excavator Preparation
20. Case Study – Excavator Preparation
The edges on the ring were ground to 35 degree chamfers on both sides and a 3 mm gap was added between the two parts.
21. Welding Parameters
Type of
Pass
Welding
Position
Wire Size
(Diameter)
Voltage
(V)
Current
(A)
Root
Pass
Flat 1.2 mm 26 – 28 230 – 260
Filler
Pass
Flat 1.2 mm 28 – 30 240 – 280
Capping
Pass
Flat 1.2 mm 30 - 32 240 – 260
Case Study – Excavator Repair
22. Inside Swing Circle Mounting Seat Outside Swing Circle Mounting Seat
Case Study – Outcome of Repair
23. Case Study – Outcome of Repair
The outcomes of this excavation repair include:
• Ultrasonic testing of all critical joints
• Periodic in service inspection
• Improvement in weld profiling
• Training and certification of welders
• More effective control on shop floor and inspection stages
24. Case Study – Outcome of Repair
By implementing these outcomes, the following was achieved:
• Better practice in welding and general repairs
• Routine inspections to ensure safe operation of excavator
• Reduction in downtime and repair costs
• Improved safety and availability of the excavator
25. • The best practice in welding
operations is to adopt quality
management and process control
throughout the process
• Quality MUST be built into welds
• AS/NZS ISO 3834 outlines the
requirements for effective process
control
• Process control is critical for
ensuring safe operation within
industry
Ensuring Quality in Operations
26. Conclusion
• The concentration of boron in steels must be identified through the mill
certificate
• High boron steels must maintain a steady and slow cooling rate while
welding
• The use of a repair strategy results in good practice within several industries
• The best and safest practice comes with the implementation of a process
and production control system