Education leads to enlightenment, which leads to empathy and foreshadows reform. The Philippines previously had the lowest number of years in its education cycle compared to other ASEAN countries, but implemented K to 12 to increase the number of years. International agreements like the Washington Accord specify a minimum of 16 years of education for engineers and the Bologna Accord specifies a minimum of 14 years for other professions. K to 12 aims for universal literacy, early childhood education, school participation, and basic education completion.

2. “EDUCATION leads to
enlightenment. Enlightenment
opens the way to empathy.
Empathy foreshadows
REFORM.”
Derrick A. Bell

3. The
Philippines
had the lowest
number of
education
cycle prior to
the
implementatio
n of the

4. K to 12
Enhanced Basic
Education

5. 10 ASEAN Countries

6. Washington Accord
(1989), an
international
agreement that
specifies that a
professional
engineer must have
gone to school for
at least 16 years
if he wants to
practice in
another country.

7. 10 (Basic Education) + 5 (Engineering)
= 15 years

8. Bologna Accord
(1999), which specifies
that professional
accountants,
pharmacists, physical
therapists, and so on
should have at least 3
years of undergraduate
education in addition
to 12 years of basic
education.

9. 10 (Basic Education) + 4 (Degree
Course) = 14 years

10. Universal functional literacy
Universal coverage of quality Early
childhood education for all 3-5 year-old
children
Universal school participation and total
elimination of drop-outs and repetition
from Grades I-III
Universal completion of the full cycle of
basic education schooling with
satisfactory achievement levels
Expand the coverage of the Basic
Literacy Program for the 16 year-old
and above and the Alternative Learning

11. Dr. Patricia Licuanan
Bro. Armin Luistro

12. GENERAL EDUCATION
CURRICULUM
GEC-A(taken by students majoring in the
humanities, social sciences, or
communication) requires 63 units (that is,
hours per week for a semester or trimester)
divided into 24 units of language and
literature, 15 units of mathematics and
natural sciences, 6 units of humanities, 12
units of social sciences, and 6 units of
mandated subjects. GEC-A was promulgated
by the Commission on Higher Education
(CHED) Memorandum Order (CMO) 59, series
of 1996.

13. GENERAL EDUCATION
CURRICULUM
GEC-B (taken by all other students)
requires 51 units divided into 21
units of language and humanities, 15
units of mathematics, natural
sciences, and information
technology, 12 units of social
sciences, and 3 units of mandated
subjects. GEC-B was promulgated by
CHED Memorandum (CM) 4, series
of 1997.

15. THANK YOU!