Education inequality is a major issue in Pakistan's education system. Literacy rates remain low at 62.8% and education spending is only 1.77% of GDP, below international standards of 4%. There are many problems that contribute to inequality, including a lack of resources, outdated curriculum, unqualified teachers, high dropout rates, and corruption. Recommendations to address inequality include increasing education budgets, revising curriculum, improving teacher training, strengthening accountability, and promoting research. Overall, reforms are needed to make education more practical and align the system with international standards.

1. EDUCATION
INEQUALITY
Group Members:
Ahmed Amir 2202005-014
Zaid Irfan 2202005-009
Somaan Tariq 2202005-006
Abdur rehman Junaid 2202005-002
Muhammad Fahad 22013054-007(BBIS)

2. What is meant by education inequality?
• The unequal distribution of
1. Educational opportunity
2. Financial and educational resources
3. Qualified teachers
4. Or digital assets that results in lessening of a student
or population's educational, academic success, or
performance.

3. Education Inequality in Pakistan
• Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said:
• “Education is a matter of life and death for Pakistan. The
world is progressing so rapidly that without requisite
advance in education, not only shall we lag behind others
but maybe wiped out altogether.”

4. • The education section of the executive summary of the
Economic Survey of Pakistan 2021-22 notes: “Pakistan
is committed to transform its education system into a
high-quality global-market demand-driven system in
accordance with Goal 4 of the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs).” However, the reality is
vastly different.

5. • The literacy rate in Pakistan in 2021 was only 62.8%.
• Any gains in literacy rates over the last many years have
been small, slow and marginal.
• In 2021-22, we spent only 1.77% of GDP on education-
related expenditure at both the federal and provincial
levels.
• Most UN agencies recommend that the
minimum expenditure on education should be 4% of GDP.
• In recent years, the highest percentage of GDP we have
spent on education was in 2017-18, when education
expenditures were raised to 2.12%.
• The usual argument given for lack of spending on
education has always been and still is that we do not have
the resources.

6. • In Pakistan, the current literacy rate is 62.3%.
• In Budget 1.7% of GDP has been allocated as Education
Budget which is lowest in the region.
• Pakistan, since its inception has failed to establish an
education system which can fulfill the aspirations of the
general public.
• Pakistan is facing multifaceted problems and issues in the
education sector.
• There are many issues prevalent and practiced in
Pakistan’s Education System at all levels of Education –
primary, secondary – colleges or universities.

7. • Education is the nurturing and nourishing force for the
construction of strong and impressive societal set up,
prominent development and significant growth of the
country.
• Education explores new dimensions and polishes the
hidden talent, potential, capabilities and strengths of
individuals and redirects these forces towards the rise of
Pakistan as a powerful nation on the global horizon.

8. Critical analysis of the problems and
issues of education system in Pakistan
• Lack of uniformity
• Out dated curriculum
• Lack of professional development of teachers
• Lack of quality teacher

9. • Alarming dropouts
• Examination system
• Poor supervision standards
• Internal and external influence

10. • Lack of resources
• Lack of policy implementation
• Low budgetary allocation for education
• Corruption

11. • Lack of faculty training and development
• Opening up of large number of private schools
• Politics in education
• Compulsion to purchase stationery, syllabus,
uniforms and other items from school shop

12. • Theoretical knowledge in place of practical learning
• Non-availability of electricity
• Terrorist attacks and child killing
• Female students and female teachers’ harassment
• Distance:

13. • Parent’s input for improvement of education system
at all levels
• Cost of education
• Cultural constraints and traditional taboos
• Illiteracy of parents and parental concerns
• Learning crisis

14. Recommendations
• Budget allocation should be increased as per international
standards of education.
• Schools should be shifted on solar system to handle the
issue of load shedding.
• Pupil teacher, pupil school and teacher school ratios
should be balanced and class strength, teacher’s number
and number of classrooms should be in accordance to the
international education standards.
• Boundary walls should be made. Security staff should be
hired, CCTV cameras should be installed, and student
teacher and staff should be issued identity cards.

15. • For teacher training and development quality professional
institutes with sufficient funds should be set up.
• Political and bureaucratic influence should be minimized
at all educational levels.
• The system of accountability should be strengthened and
all associated in education system are trained to own
responsibilities both at individual and collective basis.
• Curriculum should be revised on annual basis and new
strategies and methods should be incorporated to align
our education system with other countries.

16. • Examination system should be made free of unfair
means, Mafia culture and illegal gratification. Supervision
and monitoring should be strong to subside this element.
• Policies should be implemented with delay and in
continuity to get their outcomes.
• The culture of research should be promoted in the
educational institutions.
• There should be Academia industrial linkage programs to
make our education practical and our students capable of
absorption in the job market.

17. • Introduction of technical and vocational trainings at
secondary schools.
• Increasing public expenditure on education and skill
generation from 2.7% of GDP to 5% of GDP and then to
7% of GDP.
• Reduce polarization and try to introduce uniform
standards at all types of schools.
• Enhance the scale and quality of education in general and
the scale and quality of scientific/technical education in
Pakistan in particular.

18. Conclusion
• Sense education is developing not only mind but it also
cleans and grooms our body and soul.
• We not only get education for economic reason but to
handle social, political, psychological, ethical, legal and
spiritual issues of our life.
• With education many countries are ruling the world and
have become leaders in the comity of nations.
• The current system has made our younger generation
direction directionless and uncertain about their future so
they are leaving Pakistan and settling down in developed
countries.

19. • Our out dated curriculum is pushing our youth towards
stone age instead of directing them towards the fast-
changing technology driven world.
• Traditional teaching is giving theoretical knowledge to
students but practical learning is missing.