This document compares various factors between India and Pakistan. It outlines the background histories of each country, noting the Indus Valley civilization in both. It then summarizes key differences in geography, languages, religions, economies, education systems, and teaching methods between India and Pakistan. The document provides overviews and statistics on population sizes, GDPs, literacy rates, school enrollment, and curriculum approaches in each country.

1. COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN &
INDIA
Presented by:
Ummul baneen
Roll no:
1108

2. BACKGROUND OF PAKISTAN:
The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and
dating back at least 5,000 years, spread over much of what is
presently Pakistan. During the second millennium B.C., remnants of
this culture fused with the migrating Indo-Aryan peoples. The area
underwent successive invasions in subsequent centuries from the
Persians, Greeks, Scythians, Arabs (who brought Islam), Afghans,
and Turks. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th
centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th
century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim
state of Pakistan (with West and East sections) and largely Hindu
India was never satisfactorily resolved,

3. BACKGROUND OF INDIA:
The Indus Valley civilization, one of the world's oldest, flourished
during the 3rd and 2nd millennia B.C. and extended into
northwestern India. Aryan tribes from the northwest infiltrated the
Indian subcontinent about 1500 B.C.; their merger with the earlier
Dravidian inhabitants created the classical Indian culture.

4. GEOGRAPHY
India pakistan
Location Southern Asia, bordering the
Arabian Sea and the Bay of
Bengal, between Burma and
Pakistan
Southern Asia, bordering the
Arabian Sea, between India
on the east and Iran and
Afghanistan on the west and
China in the north
Geographic coordinates 20 00 N, 77 00 E 30 00 N, 70 00 E
Map references Asia Asia
Area total: 3,287,263 sq km
land: 2,973,193 sq km
water: 314,070 sq km
total: 796,095 sq km
land: 770,875 sq km
water: 25,220 sq km

5. LINGUISTIC FACTORS:
India Pakistan
Languages Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%,
Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%,
Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%,
Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada
3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%,
Oriya 3.2%, Punjabi 2.8%,
Assamese 1.3%, Maithili
1.2%, other 5.9%
note: English enjoys the
status of subsidiary official
language but is the most
important language for
national, political, and
commercial communication;
Punjabi 48%, Sindhi 12%,
Saraiki (a Punjabi variant)
10%, Pashto (alternate
name, Pashtu) 8%, Urdu
(official) 8%, Balochi 3%,
Hindko 2%, Brahui 1%,
English (official; lingua
franca of Pakistani elite and
most government ministries),
Burushaski, and other 8%

6. RELIGIOUS FACTOR:
India pakistan
Religions Hindu 80.5%,
Muslim 13.4%,
Christian 2.3%, Sikh
1.9%, other 1.8%,
unspecified 0.1%
(2001 census)
Muslim (official)
96.4% (Sunni 85-
90%, Shia 10-15%),
other (includes
Christian and Hindu)
3.6% (2010 est.)

7. ECONOMICAL FACTOR:
India Pakistan
Unemployment rate 8.8% (2013 est.)
8.5% (2012 est.)
6.6% (2013 est.)
6% (2012 est.)
note: substantial
underemployment exists
Distribution of family income
- Gini index
36.8 (2004)
37.8 (1997)
30.6 (FY07/08)
41 (FY98/99)
Budget Revenues: $181.3 billion
expenditures: $281.6 billion
(2013 est.)
Revenues: $29.71 billion
expenditures: $47.97 billion
(2013 est.)

8. EDUCATION:
Stat India Pakistan
Adult literacy rate > Total 62.75
Ranked 14th. 17% more than
Pakistan
53.7
Ranked 103th.
Average years of schooling of
adults
5.1
Ranked 65th. 31% more than
Pakistan
3.9
Ranked 75th.
Children out of school,
primary
1.39 million
Ranked 4th.
5.37 million
Ranked 1st. 4 times
more than India
Children out of school,
primary per 1000
1.14
Ranked 85th.
29.98
Ranked 13th. 26 times
more than India
Children out of school,
primary, female
6.11 million
Ranked 1st. Twice as
much as Pakistan
3.05 million
Ranked 1st.

9. EDUCATIONAL STRUCTURE:

10. EDUCATIONAL LEVELS

11. EXPENDITURES(INDIA):

12. PAKISTAN:

13. CURRICULUM
Indida Pakistan
• INTERNATIONAL CURRICULUM
SCHOOLS.
• NATIONAL CURRICULUM
SCHOOLS.
• STATE CURRICULUM SCHOOLS.
• SCHOOLS CURRICULUM
PROVIDERS.

14. TEACHING METHODS:
Methods India Pakistan
Lecture method
Discussion
method
Demonstration
method
Lecture method
Discussion
method
Demonstration
method