This document provides an overview and instructions for using the Energy Distribution Support Tool (EDST) to analyze and distribute a company's energy consumption data. The EDST is an Excel-based tool that allows users to input technical data on machinery, lighting, compressed air and other energy consuming systems. It then calculates and distributes the electrical and thermal energy consumption across different production processes, segments and time periods. The document outlines the key steps to setup and use the EDST, including inputting company and production data, technical specifications for energy systems, and hours of operation. It provides examples of how to analyze the energy use for different segments. The goal of the tool is to help companies understand where and how energy is being consumed to identify
SESEC Training Module 14: Self-Assessment Tool (SAT)DITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 10: Measurement and VerificationDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 2: Utilization and Production machinesDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 1: Supply contracts and load shiftingDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 14: Self-Assessment Tool (SAT)DITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 10: Measurement and VerificationDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 2: Utilization and Production machinesDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 1: Supply contracts and load shiftingDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 8: Ventilation and Air ConditioningDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
Training Module on Electricity Market Regulation - SESSION 8 - PricingLeonardo ENERGY
Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
Pricing principles : economic efficiency - cost recovery
General pricing models : average cost pricing - marginal cost pricing
Cost allocation issue
Pricing for different activities in the electricity industry : generation pricing - transmission pricing - distribution pricing - retail supply pricing
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 1Leonardo ENERGY
This session is devoted to the design of schemes for the large-scale dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Market-based mechanisms overcome partly the limits of donor aid-projects. They build on public-private partnerships where a network of local entrepreneurs contributes to the maintenance of systems.
The example of solar home systems will be explained. Even if there are in many instances in parity with fossil fuels, small photovoltaic systems remain unaffordable for the majority of rural inhabitants without proper financial support mechanisms. But in the most active countries, the number of systems disseminated is now in the range of several ten thousands to several hundred thousands systems, thanks to the implementation of rural energy services companies.
Recent technological innovation could contribute to the acceleration of the diffusion of solar photovoltaic. The innovation introduced by the massive diffusion of mobile phones in developing countries tends simultaneously to create new markets for small photovoltaic systems and could improve the conditions for the diffusion of these systems by facilitating the daily management of these systems by rural energy services companies. Furthermore, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) technology opens new perspectives of self-sustained market diffusion.
The implementation of small rural energy services companies can also help to disseminate a wider range of products: LPG, cookstoves, biodigesters... New practices from rural energy providers tend to target more precisely the demand of end-users by combining the offer of photovoltaic systems with a variety of technologies to satisfy other energy needs than basic lighting in rural areas.
Concrete case studies from the dissemination of different renewable energy technologies in developing countries will be presented, notably in Zambia, South Africa, Bangladesh, China...
It will conclude with the institutional and regulatory framework that needs to be implemented to help rural energy services companies to thrive even in the most remote areas of developing countries.
In 2011, the European Commission concluded in its white paper “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area” that the phase-out of fossil fuels driven cars by 2050 was necessary to achieve its energy and climate objectives. In 2019, as part of the European Green Deal, the Commission is proposing to revise the regulation on CO2 standards for cars and vans, to ensure a clear pathway towards zero-emission mobility.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to road transport have grown since 1990 by 20.5%, and now account for one-fifth of EU GHG emissions – and they keep growing. The picture is similar regarding final energy consumption. Road transport uses 24% of EU final energy, having grown by 28% since 1990.
The good news is that a zero-emission technology is ready today for market uptake: the battery electric vehicle. From day one this vehicle completely cuts local GHG and air pollutant emissions and emits three times less GHG emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. On a life cycle basis (“cradle to grave”), a battery electric vehicle also generates significantly less GHG emissions than cars using gasoline or diesel. Moreover, the full decarbonisation of the electricity system, which is foreseen well before 2050, will enable battery electric vehicles to make transport fully climate-neutral.
Electrifying road transport is also the fastest and most cost-effective way to achieve energy efficiency goals because it is the asset with the highest replacing rate (average car ownership period 5-7 years1)and is currently at least 2.5 times more efficient than alternative technologies.
On 28 November 2019 the European Parliament declared a climate emergency and its Members asked for immediate and ambitious action to limit the effects of climate change2. Battery electric vehicles are ready to contribute to addressing this challenge. What is needed now is to accelerate the deployment of full electric vehicles.
Copper is one of the main materials that makes this transition possible. On average a battery electric vehicle requires three times more copper than a vehicle driven by a combustion engine. Half of it is in the battery system, mainly as foil in the anode of the cell working as current collector and heat dissipator. About one quarter is in the drive motors and their control system, and the other quarter is in wire harness, connectors and electronics. In addition, copper plays a role in the charging infrastructure and in the generation of renewable electricity to power the vehicles.
Philipp Steinberg - La transición energética en Europa y el cambio climáticoFundación Ramón Areces
Entre el 30 de junio y el 2 de julio de 2014 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces (C/ Vitruvio, 5, en Madrid) un curso de verano en colaboración con la Universidad Complutense de Madrid sobre los retos energéticos de Europa ante el cambio climático. En estas jornadas, diferentes expertos analizaron la transición energética en Europa para cumplir las exigencias de los compromisos internacionales en materia de emisiones de CO2.
Presented by Wolfgang Irrek, Research group "Energy Transport and Climate Policy" Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Germany at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by...IEA-ETSAP
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by 2050: a new multi-scale, multi-criteria framework
Mr. Yacine Alimou, Mines ParisTech
Future Electricity Markets: key pillars with high shares of wind and PVLeonardo ENERGY
More and more countries world-wide are targeting high shares of wind and solar photovoltaics in their electricity mix. To integrate high shares of these variable renewable energy sources, the electricity system needs to become more flexible in order to balance supply and demand at all times. The webinar will discuss key design features of future electricity markets, including incentives for more flexible fossil-fuel based and renewable-based power generation, modifications to the design of electricity markets, incentives for more flexible demand, and storage options.
Introduction to the Ecodesign of Energy Related Products DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Ecodesign of Energy Related Products Directive (EED) was adopted in 2009 as an amendment from the 2005 Ecodesign of Energy Using Products Directive and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). The EU was a relative late comer among leading international economies in having overarching legislation to set minimum energy performance standards for equipment but since the adoption of Ecodesign it has set an impressive pace of adoption of implementing measures which are now estimated to cover 48% of all EU energy consumption. The average expected energy savings per product group addressed is projected to reach 19% by 2030, to lower energy bills by €160 billion for a €60 billion increase in equipment acquisition costs i.e. a net benefit of €100 billion and to create 0.8 million extra direct jobs for industry, wholesale and the retail sector.
The projected CO2 savings from this Directive alone are estimated to reach 320 Mt CO2 equiva-lent, equal to 7% of all EU GHG emissions in 2010. This is in excess of savings projected from the EU emissions trading system.
Energy auditing and energy efficiency indicatorsCETN
Principles of Energy Auditing
Auditing process summary
Undertaking an Energy Audit in house
Commissioning a commercial Audit
Equipment for auditing
Results and dissemination
Barriers to implementation of energy efficiency
Questions and answer session
In this webinar, the editors of the Green Book on the “Electricity Supply Systems of the Future” will describe their long journey to summarize the collective knowledge acquired in CIGRE Study Committees. This journey can never be over, as visions become realities or become obsolete and new challenges and developments unavoidably appear. Nevertheless, the Green Book provides CIGRE’s unique and unbiased technical views for the current and future state of electricity supply systems. It also shows the value of global collaborative work of numerous experts from industry and academia mobilized within the CIGRE community. CIGRE is the foremost authority for end-to-end power system expertise.
This webinar kicks off a new e-learning Academy by Leonardo ENERGY, in partnership with eu.bac and REHVA.
This first webinar provides you with an overview of the different aspects of building automation, controls and technical building management:
• IN A NUTSHELL: definitions and terminology, devices and hardware, communication protocols, architecture model for building automation and controls network, and efficiency classes and including a list of existing resources (some in the public domain) for further reading.
• ROLES AND BENEFITS: describing key aspects related to monitoring and control of equipment/building system, control of indoor environment, environmental protection, interaction with occupants, net-zero energy buildings, technical building management.
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
SESEC Training Module 8: Ventilation and Air ConditioningDITF Denkendorf
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
Training Module on Electricity Market Regulation - SESSION 8 - PricingLeonardo ENERGY
Once the revenue requirements are established they should be converted into tariff systems. This session explains the major economic principles of electricity pricing and the general pricing models using average and marginal costs. Moreover the session explores the major pricing models for the electricity activities including: generation, transmission, distribution and retail activities.
Pricing principles : economic efficiency - cost recovery
General pricing models : average cost pricing - marginal cost pricing
Cost allocation issue
Pricing for different activities in the electricity industry : generation pricing - transmission pricing - distribution pricing - retail supply pricing
Course on Regulation and Sustainable Energy in Developing Countries - Session 1Leonardo ENERGY
This session is devoted to the design of schemes for the large-scale dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries. Market-based mechanisms overcome partly the limits of donor aid-projects. They build on public-private partnerships where a network of local entrepreneurs contributes to the maintenance of systems.
The example of solar home systems will be explained. Even if there are in many instances in parity with fossil fuels, small photovoltaic systems remain unaffordable for the majority of rural inhabitants without proper financial support mechanisms. But in the most active countries, the number of systems disseminated is now in the range of several ten thousands to several hundred thousands systems, thanks to the implementation of rural energy services companies.
Recent technological innovation could contribute to the acceleration of the diffusion of solar photovoltaic. The innovation introduced by the massive diffusion of mobile phones in developing countries tends simultaneously to create new markets for small photovoltaic systems and could improve the conditions for the diffusion of these systems by facilitating the daily management of these systems by rural energy services companies. Furthermore, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) technology opens new perspectives of self-sustained market diffusion.
The implementation of small rural energy services companies can also help to disseminate a wider range of products: LPG, cookstoves, biodigesters... New practices from rural energy providers tend to target more precisely the demand of end-users by combining the offer of photovoltaic systems with a variety of technologies to satisfy other energy needs than basic lighting in rural areas.
Concrete case studies from the dissemination of different renewable energy technologies in developing countries will be presented, notably in Zambia, South Africa, Bangladesh, China...
It will conclude with the institutional and regulatory framework that needs to be implemented to help rural energy services companies to thrive even in the most remote areas of developing countries.
In 2011, the European Commission concluded in its white paper “Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area” that the phase-out of fossil fuels driven cars by 2050 was necessary to achieve its energy and climate objectives. In 2019, as part of the European Green Deal, the Commission is proposing to revise the regulation on CO2 standards for cars and vans, to ensure a clear pathway towards zero-emission mobility.
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to road transport have grown since 1990 by 20.5%, and now account for one-fifth of EU GHG emissions – and they keep growing. The picture is similar regarding final energy consumption. Road transport uses 24% of EU final energy, having grown by 28% since 1990.
The good news is that a zero-emission technology is ready today for market uptake: the battery electric vehicle. From day one this vehicle completely cuts local GHG and air pollutant emissions and emits three times less GHG emissions on a well-to-wheel basis. On a life cycle basis (“cradle to grave”), a battery electric vehicle also generates significantly less GHG emissions than cars using gasoline or diesel. Moreover, the full decarbonisation of the electricity system, which is foreseen well before 2050, will enable battery electric vehicles to make transport fully climate-neutral.
Electrifying road transport is also the fastest and most cost-effective way to achieve energy efficiency goals because it is the asset with the highest replacing rate (average car ownership period 5-7 years1)and is currently at least 2.5 times more efficient than alternative technologies.
On 28 November 2019 the European Parliament declared a climate emergency and its Members asked for immediate and ambitious action to limit the effects of climate change2. Battery electric vehicles are ready to contribute to addressing this challenge. What is needed now is to accelerate the deployment of full electric vehicles.
Copper is one of the main materials that makes this transition possible. On average a battery electric vehicle requires three times more copper than a vehicle driven by a combustion engine. Half of it is in the battery system, mainly as foil in the anode of the cell working as current collector and heat dissipator. About one quarter is in the drive motors and their control system, and the other quarter is in wire harness, connectors and electronics. In addition, copper plays a role in the charging infrastructure and in the generation of renewable electricity to power the vehicles.
Philipp Steinberg - La transición energética en Europa y el cambio climáticoFundación Ramón Areces
Entre el 30 de junio y el 2 de julio de 2014 organizamos en la Fundación Ramón Areces (C/ Vitruvio, 5, en Madrid) un curso de verano en colaboración con la Universidad Complutense de Madrid sobre los retos energéticos de Europa ante el cambio climático. En estas jornadas, diferentes expertos analizaron la transición energética en Europa para cumplir las exigencias de los compromisos internacionales en materia de emisiones de CO2.
Presented by Wolfgang Irrek, Research group "Energy Transport and Climate Policy" Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy, Germany at the IEA DSM Programme workshop in Copenhagen, Denmark on 19 April 2006.
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by...IEA-ETSAP
Planning a reliable power system with a high share of renewables in France by 2050: a new multi-scale, multi-criteria framework
Mr. Yacine Alimou, Mines ParisTech
Future Electricity Markets: key pillars with high shares of wind and PVLeonardo ENERGY
More and more countries world-wide are targeting high shares of wind and solar photovoltaics in their electricity mix. To integrate high shares of these variable renewable energy sources, the electricity system needs to become more flexible in order to balance supply and demand at all times. The webinar will discuss key design features of future electricity markets, including incentives for more flexible fossil-fuel based and renewable-based power generation, modifications to the design of electricity markets, incentives for more flexible demand, and storage options.
Introduction to the Ecodesign of Energy Related Products DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Ecodesign of Energy Related Products Directive (EED) was adopted in 2009 as an amendment from the 2005 Ecodesign of Energy Using Products Directive and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, Energy Efficiency Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). The EU was a relative late comer among leading international economies in having overarching legislation to set minimum energy performance standards for equipment but since the adoption of Ecodesign it has set an impressive pace of adoption of implementing measures which are now estimated to cover 48% of all EU energy consumption. The average expected energy savings per product group addressed is projected to reach 19% by 2030, to lower energy bills by €160 billion for a €60 billion increase in equipment acquisition costs i.e. a net benefit of €100 billion and to create 0.8 million extra direct jobs for industry, wholesale and the retail sector.
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Energy auditing and energy efficiency indicatorsCETN
Principles of Energy Auditing
Auditing process summary
Undertaking an Energy Audit in house
Commissioning a commercial Audit
Equipment for auditing
Results and dissemination
Barriers to implementation of energy efficiency
Questions and answer session
In this webinar, the editors of the Green Book on the “Electricity Supply Systems of the Future” will describe their long journey to summarize the collective knowledge acquired in CIGRE Study Committees. This journey can never be over, as visions become realities or become obsolete and new challenges and developments unavoidably appear. Nevertheless, the Green Book provides CIGRE’s unique and unbiased technical views for the current and future state of electricity supply systems. It also shows the value of global collaborative work of numerous experts from industry and academia mobilized within the CIGRE community. CIGRE is the foremost authority for end-to-end power system expertise.
This webinar kicks off a new e-learning Academy by Leonardo ENERGY, in partnership with eu.bac and REHVA.
This first webinar provides you with an overview of the different aspects of building automation, controls and technical building management:
• IN A NUTSHELL: definitions and terminology, devices and hardware, communication protocols, architecture model for building automation and controls network, and efficiency classes and including a list of existing resources (some in the public domain) for further reading.
• ROLES AND BENEFITS: describing key aspects related to monitoring and control of equipment/building system, control of indoor environment, environmental protection, interaction with occupants, net-zero energy buildings, technical building management.
This is a training module developed in the European project SESEC. More information and the full training can be found here: www.sesec-training.eu
The SESEC project is designed to address the energy efficiency needs of the EU clothing industry. The Consortium relies on outstanding competences of the partners, spread over 6 countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Portugal, Italy, Germany, Belgium) to provide the missing energy efficiency benchmarks and ready-to-use solutions for the large number of SMEs as well as larger companies. The SESEC project has 4 major objectives:
• To develop, test and offer an Energy Efficiency tool for clothing production, made up of guidelines and web-based applications, suitable for SMEs and large companies
• To transfer the project results to the sector, EURATEX members and interested companies
• To offer training and support to companies to implement energy-saving measures considering cost-effectiveness
• To improve opportunities for energy-efficiency for the whole European clothing industry
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Implementation effects of economics and market operations based model for tra...nooriasukmaningtyas
The main objective of this paper is to introduce power system economic operations in traditionally integrated power systems and market operations in deregulated power systems and study its effects. The power system economic operation is mathematically treated as an optimization problem. Also, a function of economic operation is to minimize generation cost, transmission losses, and so on, subject to power system operation constraints. In this paper, we start from generation cost formulations and introduce traditional economic dispatch model, optimal power flow model, and unit commitment model. With the deregulation of the power industry, integrated power system is unbundled to generation, transmission, and distribution. Electricity is traded in the wholesale market. Small customers purchase energy from electricity retailers through the retail market. The electricity market is operated for energytrading while satisfying power system operation requirements. Electricity market is mathematically modelled as an optimization problem that is subject to power system operation constraints and market operation constraints.
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This design report focuses on two major aspects of the Smart City: Smart Environment and Smart Living, using electricity,
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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1. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 1
2. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 2
Overview
Introduction
Manual
System Requirements
Analysis
Results
Data for EMBT
Introduction – Manual
3. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 3
4. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 4
Distribute consumption by segment and throughout the various production
processes, for both thermal and electrical energy;
The tool assists companies to find answers to the following questions:
Where is energy being consumed?
How is energy being consumed?
Purpose of the ESS-EDST
Introduction – Manual
5. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 5
The Energy Saving Scheme developed in the EU-project SESEC does provide
you with the following tools:
• Overall SESEC Approach
• EBMT (Energy Management and Benchmark Tool)
• EDST (Energy Distribution Support Tool) , based on Excel, described in this
presentation
• SAT (Self Assessment Tool)
• Nine presentations on energy saving best practices:
• Supply Contracts and shifting – Grid
• Utilization - Production machines
• Compressed Air
• Steam and Heat Production
• Renewable Energy and Co-generation
• Lighting
• HVAC I (Heating)
• HVAC II (Ventilation, Air Conditioning)
• Vacuum, Cleaning
For more information consider [1] and [2]
Tools and resources available
Introduction – Manual
6. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 6
Electrical distribution by consumer type. Monthly separation of the total electrical
consumption between Production machines, Heat generators, Compressed air,
Lighting, Auxiliaries and others.
Fuel distribution by consumer type. Monthly separation of the total fuel
consumption between Production machines, Heat generators, Auxiliaries and Others
for each month.
Electrical distribution by process/section (production machinery), all electricity is
distributed by processes.
Thermal energy distribution by process/section (production), all thermal energy is
distributed by processes.
Full electrical discretization including both consumer type and productive
process/section.
Full thermal energy discretization including both consumer type and productive
process/section.
Data to be used in EMBT.
Note: Due to the fact that in this energy distribution tool calculates based on machine data and estimations, it can be replaced by direct
measurements using portable or fixed energy meters, providing that the inputs necessary for EMBT are observed.
Preview: Results to expect
Introduction – Manual
7. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 7
8. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 8Introduction – Manual
9. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 9
Steps
1. Set the Scope
2. Setup the Excel
3. Input Technical Data
4. Check Distribution Output, Thermal and
Electrical Energy
5. Data for EMBT (data to be exported and
used in EMBT)
Introduction – Manual
10. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 10
1. Set the scope
What do you expect to get from the ESS-EDST-tool? E.g.:
Energy distribution within the plant per segment and/or process
Who in your company will work with the ESS-EDST-tool?
You will need the company machine list with technical data, this list
should also include lighting technical data. If company wishes to be
thorough and include all consumers don’t forget the office equipment
and non productive (e.g. food conservation and confection, etc.)
Work hours per process and machine workload
What will be the next steps?
E. g. Attribute energy cost within the plant per segment and/or process
Introduction – Manual
11. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 11
2. Setup the Excel
MS-Excel 2010 or later required
The most current version is available on www.sesec-
training.eu
Macros have to be enabled
The ESS-EDST was developed using macros. You need to
enable macros in order to be able to fully use the ESS-EDST
Introduction – Manual
12. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 12
2. Activate Macros
Introduction – Manual
13. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 13
3. Sheet: Introduction
All sheets are
navigable but tool
use should follow a
left to right order
Read the full intro, it
will help to
understand tool inner
works
Introduction – Manual
14. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 14
Sheet: Introduction
Introduction – Manual
In this module we will use an example of a theoretical company named XPTO. This company produces
two segments:
Socks that are included in segment “Underwear and Bras” and
Seamless T-Shirts that are included in segment “T-shirts and related - knitted”.
The main output from the company are socks that represent nearly 100% of the production , T-shirts
represent a very small percentage of production being considered almost as sample production.
The EDST is a tool that’s only able to analyse one segment at a time, this implies that one EDST excel
file must be filled per each segment produced by a company.
In this example, the XPTO company produces two segments, the “Underwear and Bras” segment and
the “T-shirts and related - knitted” segments, this means that two EDST files must be created, one per
segment.
Note: The EDST tools with the examples (one per segment) are also available in SESEC’s website.
15. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 15
The first sheet is the “Start up & Company Data” sheet. In this sheet you’ll be asked to identify the
company, the user and the year that is currently being analyzed.
You will also be asked, in case the company has more than one segment, to perform a first attempt to
distribute electrical and thermal energy trough the various segments based on company's experience.
Finally you will be asked to input the amount of hours worked in each process per month on each
specific segment.
Sheet: Start up & Company Data (1)
Introduction – Manual
Fill company data. All data to be inserted is to
be related to the indicated year
16. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 16
In these tables you must input an estimation of the monthly energy that is used in each segment, the
idea behind this is use the company’s experience to make a first division of energy consumption by
segment. As the user becomes familiar with the SESEC tools, with energy management concepts and
its implementation, this energy allocation will be tuned and consequently closer to reality.
Consider our example of the XPTO company, this company produces two segments “Underwear and
Bras“ and “T-shirts and related - knitted” where the T-shirts segment is regarded as sample
production (read slide 14). The following images show the preliminary distribution in the example.
Sheet: Start up & Company Data (2)
Introduction – Manual
Table for “Underwear and
Bras“ segment EDST file
Table for “T-shirts and related -
knitted” segment EDST file
As you can see the bulk of energy consumption is allocated to the “Underwear and Bras“ segment
due to the fact that almost all production is related to this segment, also note that in each month
both the electrical and thermal energy adds to 100% (e.g. January electrical consumption is 98% for
“Underwear and Bras“ and 2% for “T-shirts and related – knitted”) also in August there was no T-
shirts production so, inevitably, it appears as 0%. The “Control” cell is there to warn if values are
lower than 0% or higher than 100%.
17. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 17
The final input in this sheet concerns the
hours worked in each process of each
segment.
When filling these tables don’t be
concerned by particular machines, the
objective is to input the monthly work
hours of the process even if only one
machine is working. The fine tune for
hourly attribution is foreseen in
subsequent sheets.
In the example presented by the images
on the left, the monthly work hours are
the same for each segment because in
each segment the work areas are mixed,
meaning that the area where T-shirts are
knitted is the same where Socks are
knitted, same thing for finishing.
Sheet: Start up & Company Data (3)
Introduction – Manual
Table for “Underwear
and Bras“ segment EDST
file Table for “T-shirts and
related - knitted”
segment EDST file
18. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 18
Sheet: Machinery (1)
Introduction – Manual
In the “Machinery” sheet, user is asked to input all energy consuming machines within the company
except steam/hot water generators and compressed air (consider compressors and dryers), these have
specific sheets for data input. This should be considered as an equipment list so input all machines
regardless of segment, so the same list can be used in multiple EDST files.
... input them here for
process identification.
“Designation” field will
filled automatically.
Use numbers 1 trough
9 from this list, and...
“Observations” and
electrical data are fields
are optional but useful
to input important
information.
Note: All green fields are optional
and are not required by the tool
for calculation.
19. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 19
Sheet: Machinery (2)
Introduction – Manual
In the “Equipment/Machine” column (see picture below) user is asked to input each machine, or group
of machines, related to the indicated process. User can either input one machine per cell or group similar
machines that usually work the same hours and have the same electrical characteristics, i.e. similar
consumption. As an example consider a company with 5 knitting machines;
Example 1: Machines are of the same model and/or same electrical characteristics, machine 1, 2 and 3
usually work all production hours and the 4th and 5th usually work half the time. In this example user
should input machines 1,2 and 3 in one row and 4 and 5 in a different row.
Example 2: Machines are of the same model and/or same
electrical characteristics but have totally different work
hours. User should input each machine in a different row.
Example 3: Machines are NOT of the same model and/or
same electrical characteristics but work continuously
trough all work hours. User should input each machine in
a different row. Nevertheless if the electrical
characteristics can be considered the same, meaning they
have similar consumption, these can be grouped in one
single row.
Justification when grouping similar machines consider
not only the electrical characteristics, i.e. similar
consumption, but also if they have similar work hours.
20. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 20
Sheet: Machinery (3)
Introduction – Manual
“Apparent Power”
calculation can be made
by using the support tool
available in the same
sheet.
Retrieve electrical data
from each machine and
follow the tool indication
for kVA calculus
21. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 21Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Machinery Electrical Energy (1)
In the “Machinery Electrical Energy” sheet, user is asked to input, in a monthly basis, the specific hours
worked and the workload of all energy consuming machines inputted in the previous sheet, the
“Machinery” sheet. Calculus here will convert the “Apparent Power” to “Apparent Energy”. Concerning:
Work hours This represents the total monthly work hours of a machine or group of “similar”
machines. Please note that you should NOT add work hours if inputting for a group of machines, i.e.
if the group includes 2 machines and 1 works 185h and the other works 200h do not input 385h,
input an average or a value between 185 and 200;
Workload Work load is an
estimate percentage of the
effective work done by the
machine within it's work
hours, i.e. consider a value
between 0% if machine is
stopped and 100% if machine
is at full power/load.
Note that all other fields were
automatically filled based on data
already inserted in the
“Machinery” sheet.
22. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 22Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Machinery Electrical Energy (2)
Table for “T-shirts
and related -
knitted” segment
EDST file
Table for
“Underwear and
Bras“ segment
EDST file
These two images depict the January month
of both EDST files concerning the two
produced segments of the example, the
“Underwear and Bras“ and “T-shirts and
related - knitted”.
The most important thing to note is that the
values for “T-shirts and related - knitted”
machines in the “Underwear and Bras“ table
are marked as 0 and vice-versa in the “T-
shirts and related - knitted” table.
23. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 23Introduction – Manual
In the “Lighting” sheet, user is asked to input all lighting within the company. Much like the “Machinery”
this should be considered as an equipment list so input all lighting regardless of segment, so the same list
can be used in multiple EDST files.
Sheet: Lighting (1)
... input them here for process identification. “Area
designation” field will be automatically filled.
Use numbers 1 trough
8 from this list, and...
24. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 24Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Lighting (2)
... input them here for equipment identification.
“Type” field will be automatically filled .
Use numbers 1 trough 58 from this list, and...
The next step is to input the type of lighting used in the various areas, the
list in the right has 58 combinations of lighting that is commonly used,
cycle trough the list and match each area with its installed lighting types.
In the image below note that for both “Knitting” and “Finishing” the
“Observations” field indicates “Socks & T-Shirts”, this means that both
segments are knitted and finished in the same areas. Because of this, in
both EDST files the “Lighting” sheet has the same data for production
areas.
25. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 25Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Lighting (2)
Finally, in the same table, user is asked to input the quantity of selected lighting types and their
utilization coefficient. With all data inputted in this sheet the tool calculates the “Apparent Power” and in
the background, using the work hours inputted earlier, calculates to “Apparent Energy”. Concerning:
Quantity Always assume “Quantity” as quantity of lamps even if in the company there are double
or triple light fixtures, i.e. there are 10 double light fixtures, when inputting quantity input 20 lamps.
Include all working lamps even if usually they’re turned off.
Utilization coefficient Although all were accounted for, not all lamps are turned on during work
time, use "Utilization coefficient" to tune the amount of time lamps are turned on.
In the example (see image below) in the “knitting” area there are 150 fluorescent tube 36W lamps with
electronic ballast that are, in average, turned on 70% of the time.
26. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 26
In the “Compressed air” sheet, user is asked to input the “Apparent power” the “Average work load” and
an theoretical airflow distribution. Concerning:
• Apparent power this calculation can be made by using the support tool available in the
“Machinery” sheet (slide 20). Retrieve electrical data from each active compressor and dryer and
follow the tool indication for kVA calculus.
• Average work load the average work load can be seen as the ratio between the compression time
and the total working time.
Although the best way is to proceed with electrical measurements, a practical method can be applied
by only using a watch, imagine a compressor that in an 60 min time frame effectively compresses
during 30 min, the average work load is 30/60=50% (if you have enough patience increase the time
frame for better results). The previous method applies to on/off compressor type, if compressor has
variable speed then the data to retrieve the average work load should be available in the compressor
controller.
• Theoretical airflow distribution Because it's very difficult, without measurements, to distribute
compressed air consumption the best approach is to estimate consumptions throughout the
installation based on company's experience. The best way to estimate is to identify, in all processes,
where are the biggest compressed air consumers their quantity and average work hours, and
correlate the three, then fine tune the results with the same data but from the less intensive
compressed air consumers.
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Compressed Air (1)
27. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 27Introduction – Manual
In the examples both segments have the same theoretical distribution for two main reasons:
• The main concern while analyzing distribution was the “Underwear and Bras” segment because this
is the main segment in the company;
• The weight for compressed air consumption machines concerning Knitting and Finishing is practically
the same in both segments, i.e., ratio for Knitting and Finishing is about 60%-40% regardless of
product.
Sheet: Compressed Air (2)
28. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 28
The “Steam / Hot water” sheet has a similar approach as the “Compressed air” sheet. Here user is asked
to input the “Apparent power” the “Average work load”, an theoretical steam/hot water flow
distribution, and the main difference between this and the compressed air sheet is the introduction of an
reduction coefficient. Also the sheet predicts both fuel and electrical steam/hot water generators
Concerning:
• Apparent power this calculation can be made by using the support tool available in the
“Machinery” sheet (slide 20). Retrieve electrical data from each active steam/hot water generator
and follow the tool indication for kVA calculus. Remember that this is electrical consumption related
and has nothing to do with thermal power.
• Average work load the average work load can be seen as the ratio between the effective
burn/resistance activation time and the total working time.
Although the best way is to proceed with electrical measurements, a practical method similar to one
in the the compressed air, can be applied by only using a watch, imagine a steam/hot water
generator that in an 60 min time frame effectively burns/activates resistance during 30 min, the
average work load is 30/60=50% (if you have enough patience increase the time frame for better
results).
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Steam / Hot water (1)
29. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 29
• Reduction coefficient Reduction coefficient works basically the same way has the “Utilization
coefficient” in the “Lighting” sheet (slide 25), the work hours were already identified in "Company
data" page but not all generators are turned on during that time, use "Reduction coefficient" to tune
the amount of time generators are turned on;
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Steam / Hot water (2)
Note that steam/hot water generators, both electrical and combustible generators, are available for data
input. You can input data in one or both types and if you have more than one equipment in one of type
input “Apparent power” sum and fine tune with “Average work load” and “Reduction coefficient”.
30. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 30
• Theoretical steam/hot water flow
distribution Because it's very
difficult, without measurements, to
distribute steam/hot water
consumption the best approach is to
estimate consumptions throughout
the installation based on company's
experience. The best way to estimate
is to identify, in all processes, where
are the biggest steam/hot water
consumers their quantity and average
work hours, and correlate the three,
then fine tune the results with the
same data but from the less intensive
steam/hot water consumers.The
main difference between this and
“Compressed air” sheet is a monthly
distribution because heat
consumption is more affected by
season, e.g. comfort heating.
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Steam / Hot water (3)
31. Co-funded by the Intelligent
Energy Europe Programme of
the European Union 31
The “Fuel” sheet was created to
differentiate the fuel consumption that is
used to produce steam/hot water via heat
generators (indirect heat production) and
the combustible that is used directly in a
production machine like a dryer, so a
division of the total consumed fuel directly
and indirectly is imperative.
Concerning distribution, a recurrent
problem persists, without measurements
is very difficult to distribute fuel
consumption so the same approach is to
be taken as in "Compressed air" and
"Steam/Hot water" consumption. In the
table input the theoretical distribution all
combustible consumption regardless of
were it is burned (directly or indirectly).
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Fuel (1)
Based on existing meters or on your perception and experience, input here the % of fuel that is
used directly, i.e., the fuel that is burned directly in production machines like dryers and heaters.
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While the previous table, in “Steam/hot water” sheet, only asks for steam/hot water distribution, i.e.,
hot fluid distribution, this one wants to know how the consumption of combustible is distributed.
As an example imagine a company that has processes A and B, in process A only steam is consumed while
in process B both steam and combustible are consumed. Steam distribution is 80% in process A and 20 %
in process B, this is the result for “Steam/hot water” sheet. In this sheet, “Fuel” sheet, the combustible
distribution is 50% for both processes, this happened because there are very intensive machines that
burn combustible directly that shifted the thermal weight distribution between processes.
Introduction – Manual
Sheet: Fuel (2)
In our example sheet (see image) the
company does not consume combustibles
directly but when distributing the entire
combustible consumption all of it is used
for finishing (indirectly trough steam)
Note that also here, similarly to the
“Steam/hot water” sheet, there is a
monthly distribution also because heat
consumption is more affected by season,
e.g. comfort heating.
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Results in “Results” sheet are presented both numerically and graphically, the data is divided in 6 pages
with specific results:
• Page 1 In this page you can find the Electrical distribution by consumer type, it separates the total
electrical consumption between Production machines, Heat generators, Compressed air, Lighting,
Auxiliaries and others.
• Page 2 In this page you can find the Fuel distribution by consumer type, it separates the total fuel
consumption between Production machines, Heat generators, Auxiliaries and Others.
• Page 3 In this page you can find the monthly Electrical distribution by process/section (production
machinery). Here, all electricity is distributed by processes, so each process includes its relative
electricity portion of compressed air, lighting, etc.
• Page 4 In this page you can find the monthly Thermal energy distribution by process/section
(production), thermal energy represents the burnt fuel and heat provided by an external source. All
thermal energy is distributed by processes, so each process includes its relative thermal energy
produced in the heat generators and/or from provided by an outside source.
• Page 5 In this page you can find full Electrical energy discretization including both consumer type
and productive process/section.
• Page 6 In this page you can find full Thermal energy discretization including both consumer type
and productive process/section. Note that this is where combustibles are burnt - same principles as
in page 2.
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Sheet: Results (1)
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Sheet: Results (2)
Some results from “Underwear and Bras” segment EDST sheet (example file)
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Sheet: Results (3)
Some results from “T-shirts and related – knitted” segment EDST sheet (example file)
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Sheet: Data for EMBT (1)
Results in this sheet are to be used in EDST's sister tool, the EMBT (Energy Management and
Benchmarking Tool) more particularly in the "Energy input“ and “Benchmark” sheets. As you may
remember, this tool only provides the energy distribution of one production segment, meaning that for
multiple production segments multiple EDST's must be built. The same principle applies to
benchmarking, the data in one EDST is only valid for that specific analyzed.
This sheet has three different results provided by three tables, values are available after clicking the
button:
• Table 1, Energy Distribution in Segment This table represents the energy distribution in this
segment. Just select and copy all the values in this table and paste them in table "Input Energy
Distribution by Process" of the "Energy input" sheet;
• Tables 2 & 3, Benchmarking for Segment These tables present the necessary data by providing the
energy ratio, both electrical and thermal, on benchmarkable processes in the selected segment. Just
select and copy all the values in both tables and paste them in tables "Electrical energy
consumption" and "Fuel energy consumption" of the "Benchmarking“ sheet.
Click here to retrieve values. These
values are based on the data from
“Results” sheet.
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Sheet: Data for EMBT (2)
Data to be inserted in EMBT from “Underwear and Bras” segment EDST sheet (example file)
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Sheet: Data for EMBT (3)
Data to be inserted in EMBT from “T-shirts and related – knitted” segment EDST sheet (example file)
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Readings
[1] CITEVE (2013): Critical Energy Saving Points for the Clothing Manufacturing Process/Factory
Environment, Deliverable D3.1
[2] CITEVE (2013): O3.2 “Energy Saving Scheme (ESS) Guide for Companies” and O3.5 “Guidance
Document”
[3] GHERZI (2013): Energy Data, Deliverable D2.2
[4] DITF (2014): Euratex Overall SESEC Approach, presentation available on www.sesec-training.eu
[5] CITEVE (2014): EMBT (Energy Management and Benchmarking Tool), presentation available on
www.sesec-training.eu
[6] ENEA (2014): SAT (Self Assessment Tool), presentation available on www.sesec-training.eu
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Pictures
Slide 8 – Dennis Skley: *grübel* – URI: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dskley/8627475625/sizes/z/in/photostream/
License: CC BY-ND 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/2.0/legalcode)
Slide 9 – Carissa Rogers: kid to do list, list, Be happy and go home – URI:
http://www.flickr.com/photos/rog2bark/3437630552/sizes/m/in/photolist-6eLKNh-c1mn5W-9Lcbki-9jeZKu-CdE9B-
6tQG1N-8cuPQg-6oCMfR-5R2t5b-9uCMNF-7WWKna-82Z8Cz-87uSWj-839wC-8QW9Yq-7pHc1U-6qsYHC-gu1Ra-
7Jq5QH-7Mfehz-7VWPxJ-6J37Hp-4QCVn9-8QzzeL-8w3ARY-5JaQRk-5wvNsm-fMnd2-ffgRgs-4yar1X-dr9xUw-dJLTso-
3bLKoc-5sane8-eT8xC-5QjTMr-55xTxK-iYZum-i8xKL-61m8xK-6YzqVs-7JKQkd-5SyRgw-4VSKqq-avZUVo-4ZwxHC-3svSV-
4qU25r-4sCr3S-PVLFS-5rMwqS/ License: CC BY 2.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode)
All other pictures (except the logos) are screenshots of the EDST-Tool by SESEC CC BY-SA 2.0
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/legalcode),
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