This document provides a guide for starting an organic self-reliance garden on Hawaii Island. It discusses the benefits of homegrown food such as improved taste, nutrition, food security, and reduced carbon footprint. Common obstacles to home gardening like lack of time, knowledge, and suitable land are addressed. The guide distinguishes between short-lived temperate vegetable crops and long-lived tropical perennial crops. It provides resources for seeds, plant materials, and further information.
Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century AgricultureRAFI-USA
To address both the growing crisis in seed biodiversity and our global capacity to develop diverse seed and breed varieties, RAFI and the Coalition for Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture organized the 2014 Summit on Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture.
The event, which was held in Washington, DC in March of 2014 brought together plant breeders, experts on the seed industry, farmers, activists and academics representing ten universities, twelve civil society organizations and four seed collections to discuss the state of our global seed supply and develop recommendations for reinvigorating public breeding research and increasing seed availability in the country.
The Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture provide a compilation of the summit keynote papers, response papers, presentations and findings, as well as a summary of recommendations collaboratively developed by summit participants during discussion.
The publication includes the summit keynote papers authored by well-known plant breeders and researchers in the plant breeding field including:
• William Tracy, a sweet corn breeder with the University of Wisconsin;
• Major Goodman, a corn breeder and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• Tommy Carter, a research geneticist and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• David Ellis, the head of the Genebank Unit at the International Potato Center in Peru;
• Kathy Jo Wetter, Research Director of ETC Group’s Action Group on Erosion, Technology & Concentration;
• Michael Mazourek, a vegetable breeder and professor of plant breeding at Cornell University; and
• Charles Brummer, Senior V.P. Director of Forage Improvement at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.
Learn more: http://rafiusa.org/publications/seeds/
Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century AgricultureRAFI-USA
To address both the growing crisis in seed biodiversity and our global capacity to develop diverse seed and breed varieties, RAFI and the Coalition for Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture organized the 2014 Summit on Seeds and Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture.
The event, which was held in Washington, DC in March of 2014 brought together plant breeders, experts on the seed industry, farmers, activists and academics representing ten universities, twelve civil society organizations and four seed collections to discuss the state of our global seed supply and develop recommendations for reinvigorating public breeding research and increasing seed availability in the country.
The Proceedings of the 2014 Summit on Seeds & Breeds for 21st Century Agriculture provide a compilation of the summit keynote papers, response papers, presentations and findings, as well as a summary of recommendations collaboratively developed by summit participants during discussion.
The publication includes the summit keynote papers authored by well-known plant breeders and researchers in the plant breeding field including:
• William Tracy, a sweet corn breeder with the University of Wisconsin;
• Major Goodman, a corn breeder and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• Tommy Carter, a research geneticist and professor of crop science at North Carolina State University;
• David Ellis, the head of the Genebank Unit at the International Potato Center in Peru;
• Kathy Jo Wetter, Research Director of ETC Group’s Action Group on Erosion, Technology & Concentration;
• Michael Mazourek, a vegetable breeder and professor of plant breeding at Cornell University; and
• Charles Brummer, Senior V.P. Director of Forage Improvement at the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation.
Learn more: http://rafiusa.org/publications/seeds/
Contessa Premium Foods’ Commitment to Sustainable Seafood SourcingJohn Z. Blazevich
Based in Southern California, John Blazevich founded Contessa Premium Foods. As the former president and chief executive officer, John Blazevich led one of North America’s leading international food manufacturers, with a range of products that included seafood, vegetables, and frozen meals.
A core commitment at Contessa was to sustainable seafood, which is uniquely relevant against a backdrop of growing food demand and limited terrestrial resources to feed an increasing population. With intensive livestock practices, soil erosion, and substandard farm management all contributing factors, the amount of productive soil on the planet is no longer enough to comfortably meet the demands of a population that is nearing 8 billion.
Mr. Blazevich’s response to this was to emphasize the importance of aquacultural farms, which supply an ever-larger percentage of the Earth’s shellfish and finfish consumption needs. He positioned Contessa to develop and refine next-generation aquacultural techniques capable of meeting the expanding demand while ensuring a healthy planet.
This was accomplished with a focus on sustainability, and in 2010, Contessa became the first-ever supplier of imported farm-raised shrimp to achieve Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program’s “Good Alternative” recognition.
Kaiser Permanente supports School Garden Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Sustainable Nutrition Manual presentation for clearance (result = endorsed!)Stacia Nordin
Presentation to the Malawi Agriculture Technical Clearing Committee which, after discussion, resulted in Endorsement of the revised Sustainable Nutrition Manual. Coming your way soon! Publishing process now underway.
Follow www.NeverEndingFood.org for updates
Slides from Debbie Field's presentation "Good Food Box History, Opportunities and Challenges" as part of the Food Access PLC's webinar on Good Food Box & Market Programs that took place December 11th. Debbie Field is the Executive Director of FoodShare.
Sustainable Food Production and Consumption in HawaiiAmyDeSa
An informative presentation that breaks down the way Hawai’i consumes and produces food and provides reasoned explanations as to why they should change. This presentation targets not only how horrible it is for the environment but also to our health.
Barbados Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2019
Policy setting for improved linkages between agriculture, trade and tourism: Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting healthy food in agritourism.
Workshop organised by the Government of Barbados
In collaboration with CABA, CTA, IICA, CTO, CHTA, CDB
Courtyard by Marriott Hotel, Barbados, 27 & 28 March 2019
Vegetables are an essential commodity for all social and economic class of society.There are very high demands for the vegetables.Sri Lanka households, low-income, high-income and middle households tend to consume below the recommended amounts vegetables. . It is being perishable in nature cannot be stored for a long time. Therefore, there has to be a constant supply of vegetables to meet its demand
This article takes on the question of how to be sustainable in Hawai’i when a majority of our food is brought here. For the purpose of answering their questions on this topic they even conducted interviews and surveys.
Contessa Premium Foods’ Commitment to Sustainable Seafood SourcingJohn Z. Blazevich
Based in Southern California, John Blazevich founded Contessa Premium Foods. As the former president and chief executive officer, John Blazevich led one of North America’s leading international food manufacturers, with a range of products that included seafood, vegetables, and frozen meals.
A core commitment at Contessa was to sustainable seafood, which is uniquely relevant against a backdrop of growing food demand and limited terrestrial resources to feed an increasing population. With intensive livestock practices, soil erosion, and substandard farm management all contributing factors, the amount of productive soil on the planet is no longer enough to comfortably meet the demands of a population that is nearing 8 billion.
Mr. Blazevich’s response to this was to emphasize the importance of aquacultural farms, which supply an ever-larger percentage of the Earth’s shellfish and finfish consumption needs. He positioned Contessa to develop and refine next-generation aquacultural techniques capable of meeting the expanding demand while ensuring a healthy planet.
This was accomplished with a focus on sustainability, and in 2010, Contessa became the first-ever supplier of imported farm-raised shrimp to achieve Monterey Bay Aquarium Seafood Watch program’s “Good Alternative” recognition.
Kaiser Permanente supports School Garden Network
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
Sustainable Nutrition Manual presentation for clearance (result = endorsed!)Stacia Nordin
Presentation to the Malawi Agriculture Technical Clearing Committee which, after discussion, resulted in Endorsement of the revised Sustainable Nutrition Manual. Coming your way soon! Publishing process now underway.
Follow www.NeverEndingFood.org for updates
Slides from Debbie Field's presentation "Good Food Box History, Opportunities and Challenges" as part of the Food Access PLC's webinar on Good Food Box & Market Programs that took place December 11th. Debbie Field is the Executive Director of FoodShare.
Sustainable Food Production and Consumption in HawaiiAmyDeSa
An informative presentation that breaks down the way Hawai’i consumes and produces food and provides reasoned explanations as to why they should change. This presentation targets not only how horrible it is for the environment but also to our health.
Barbados Agritourism Policy Setting Workshop 2019
Policy setting for improved linkages between agriculture, trade and tourism: Strengthening the local agrifood sector and promoting healthy food in agritourism.
Workshop organised by the Government of Barbados
In collaboration with CABA, CTA, IICA, CTO, CHTA, CDB
Courtyard by Marriott Hotel, Barbados, 27 & 28 March 2019
Vegetables are an essential commodity for all social and economic class of society.There are very high demands for the vegetables.Sri Lanka households, low-income, high-income and middle households tend to consume below the recommended amounts vegetables. . It is being perishable in nature cannot be stored for a long time. Therefore, there has to be a constant supply of vegetables to meet its demand
This article takes on the question of how to be sustainable in Hawai’i when a majority of our food is brought here. For the purpose of answering their questions on this topic they even conducted interviews and surveys.
Illawarra Edible School Garden Guide
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159`
`
Companion Planting Increases Food Production from School Gardens
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110
62414, 643 AMLocal Foods From Fad To Force And What It Mea.docxalinainglis
6/24/14, 6:43 AMLocal Foods: From Fad To Force And What It Means For The Food Industry | Michael Zacka
Page 1 of 2http://www.huffingtonpost.com/michael-zacka/local-foods-from-fad-to-f_b_5502757.html?page_version=legacy&view=print&comm_ref=false
Local Foods: From Fad To Force And What It Means For The
Food Industry
Across the country, farmers markets with local purveyors plying dirt-dusted produce and artisanal cheeses are a routine and
revered part of life during the spring-to-fall growing season. Their regulars advocate eating food produced closer to home, as it
tends to be fresher, healthier, tastier and easier on the environment than the shipped equivalents. And buying this way also
makes consumers feel good about supporting producers they know, who in turn invest in the local economy.
Not surprisingly, the number of farmers markets rose from 1,755 in 1994 to 8,144 last year, or more than 350 percent,
according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). And the trend has gone viral, as consumers are voting 'local' with their
dollars and having a profound influence on the nation's food systems. Their enthusiasm has led suppliers, grocers and
restaurants to change and adapt by adding locally produced goods to their offerings year-round.
Yet as the local foods movement grows, is it really better for us--and the environment?
A lot of U.S. consumers think so: 52
percent said buying locally grown produce
is more important than buying organics in a
2012 study by Mintel. They're also willing
to pay more for locally grown and
produced foods, notes research in
Ecological Economics, reported in Food
Navigator.
So retailers are giving consumers what
they want. Now placards that once listed
produce by price-per-pound boast detailed
descriptions of when, where and how the
item was grown. Even Wal-Mart, which
had food sales of $150 billion last fiscal
year and is the nation's largest fresh
produce retailer, according to CNBC, is
also going local. In spring 2013, the retailer
committed to double its local produce stock
by December 2015.
Restaurants are also subject to the trend.
The National Restaurant Association found
the lust for local foods dominated its 2014 "Top Food Trends" survey as "locally sourced meats and seafood" and "locally
sourced produce" earned the top two spots on the list. "'Hyper-local' food," including herbs and vegetables garden-grown by
restaurants onsite and "farm/estate-branded foods" came in at Nos. 6 and 10 respectively, while "environmental sustainability"
and "sustainable seafood" ranked third and eighth respectively, which fits the trend since food production methodology is part
and parcel of the local foods movement. And national chain restaurants, such as Chipotle and Subway, are committing to
buying local.
June 24, 2014
Posted: 06/17/2014 3:33 pm
787 people like this. Be the first of your friends.LikeLike
http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/ams.fetchTemplateData.do?template=TemplateS&navID=WholesaleandFarmersM.
Conservation You Can Taste: Heritage Seed Saving
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Seed Saving in Schools - Garden Organic
`
For more information, Please see websites below:
`
Organic Edible Schoolyards & Gardening with Children =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851214 ~
`
Double Food Production from your School Garden with Organic Tech =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851079 ~
`
Free School Gardening Art Posters =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Increase Food Production with Companion Planting in your School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851159 ~
`
Healthy Foods Dramatically Improves Student Academic Success =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851348 ~
`
City Chickens for your Organic School Garden =
http://scribd.com/doc/239850440 ~
`
Simple Square Foot Gardening for Schools - Teacher Guide =
http://scribd.com/doc/239851110 ~
Senior Sow What? Journey on food - where it comes from, what is a food print, and how do our food choices affect our world.
This presentation is about how we define healthy eating and how learning about food choices and healthier foods can help food banks.
Synthesis Essay: The Locavore Movement
Locavores Research Paper
Write An Essay On Locavore
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Locavores Persuasive Essay
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Locavore Synthesis Essay
Essay On The Locavore Movement
Research Paper On Locavore
Poverty And The Locavores
The Wildervore Approach: A Unique Diet to Recover Your HealthWilderculture
he battle rages on. Is it better for the environment to eat meat or become vegan? What’s really harmful to the environment is assuming it’s that simple!
Collectively we have years of experience in regenerative farming, conservation, rewilding, health, nutrition and the food industry. We’re in the field, working on every link in the food chain from; building soil to helping you rebuild your health.
We believe our greatest opportunity to recover wildlife, regenerate our planet and improve the lives of people and livestock, is through our food choices. Unless you’re a farmer, it’s the only place we can really influence land management.
This stuff matters too. According to according to the FAO, we have only 60 global harvests left and within this generation we may have 9 billion mouths to feed!
This course gives you access to the tools you need to help fight desertification, tackle the root cause of mass human migration and work towards a world where our future generations have enough to eat and perhaps even some wild spaces to explore.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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1. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 1
Hawai‘i Island Homegrown:
Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden
3. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 3
Contents
Introduction................................................................3
Why grow food at home?...........................................3
Common obstacles to homegrown food.................5
Short- and long-lived food plants........................... 6
Know your site........................................................... 8
Start small and close by............................................ 9
Compost, mulch, and other sources of fertility... 10
Seeds and other plant materials............................. 12
Pests and diseases.................................................... 13
Other tips for success.............................................. 14
Supporting homegrown food................................ 14
Introduction
Many people would like to be growing more of
their own food, but don’t know where or how to
start. This guide is for people with little or no or-
ganic gardening or farming experience, living on
a typical landscaped house lot on Hawai‘i Island.
The guide offers tips on how to successfully begin
gardening and includes a range of information re-
sources for continued learning.
Why grow food at home?
Taste and nutrition. Homegrown is the freshest
and therefore tastiest and most nutritious you can
get. There is nothing like the flavor and vitality of
freshly picked fruits and vegetables. Research has
shown that produce that has been on the store shelf
for a few days has significantly lower nutritional
value as compared with freshly harvested produce.
Food self-reliance. Homegrown gives you control
over your food. Currently about 85% of our island’s
food is imported by ship or airplane from distant
locations, and there is just a few days worth of food
in stores at any given time. Many residents are con-
cerned about economic, ecological, or health issues
that might slow down or cut off our food imports.
Many of our Hawai‘i Island Community Develop-
ment Plans prioritize growing more of our food
locally, supporting farms, and protecting agricul-
tural lands. An event that restricted food imports
might also curtail imports of fuel, fertilizer, and
chemicals that are used commercially to produce
and distribute food on the island.
Food safety. Growing food at home gives you full
knowledge of how the food was grown and han-
dled from field to plate. Most of us eat store-bought
food that was grown and processed with unfamil-
iar methods by strangers in anonymous, distant lo-
cations. This distance between field and plate has
caused growing concern about the safety of our
food.
Margaret displays a basket of freshly harvested veg-
gies from her organic garden in Hōnaunau. Home-
grown food is fresh, flavorful, and nutritious.
4. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 4
Cultural integrity. A personal home garden re-
flects crops and varieties that suit individual prefer-
ences. On the other hand, large commercial grow-
ers generally grow just a few crop varieties, those
that are best suited for large-scale production and
long-distance distribution. The shrinking diversity
of crops available in stores around the country has
tended to diminish cultural connections to unique
local foods and dishes. Since food is integral to cul-
tural expression, growing our own food allows us
to reconnect our culinary lives to our cultural/so-
cial identities.
Household economy. Growing food at home can
decrease the percentage of the household budget
devoted to purchasing food. Most home gardeners
produce seasonal over-abundance of many crops,
which can be shared with friends and neighbors or
sold. By producing an abundance of food at home,
the benefits to household economies overflows
into neighborhood communities.
Minimizes carbon footprint. Because of our is-
land’s remoteness, our imported food travels thou-
sands of miles from food processors and distrib-
utors on the U.S. mainland. Some of that food is
transported hundreds or thousands of miles (e.g.,
from China) to reach the mainland food distribu-
tors. Once the food arrives on store shelves on
Hawai‘i Island, many of us drive our cars miles to
buy it, burning more fuel. By growing food at home,
we can eliminate the fuel consumed to transport,
process, refrigerate, and store it. We may use some
energy to grow food, but that energy may be saved
by turning unused lawn or purely ornamental
landscaping into fruit and vegetable gardens.
Web resources
Hawai‘i Island Community Development Plans
(CDP) are documented here: www.hcrc.info
Food safety issues are covered on many govern-
ment web sites including:
www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/foodsafety-ces
www.hawaii.gov/health/healthy-life-
styles/foodsafety
Slow Food Hawai‘i supports local, national, and in-
ternational efforts on behalf of sustainable agricul-
There are dozens of varieties of avocado, banana, and papaya on Hawai‘i Island, many of which have unique
and outstanding qualities. There is also a huge number of vegetables varieties for lettuce, beans, squash, and
many others, some of which were selected by fervent gardeners to suit our island’s specific growing conditions.
5. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 5
ture and rediscovery of the pleasures of the table:
www.slowfoodhawaii.org
Hawai‘i Island banana and avocado varieties and
much more local tropical fruit information can be
found at:
www.hawaiifruit.net/indexposter.html
Books
Slow Food Nation: Why Our Food Should Be Good,
Clean, and Fair by Carlo Petrini. 2007. Rizzoli Ex
Libris. Covers how controlling food resources lo-
cally empowers communities.
Animal, Vegetable, Miracle: A Year of Food Life by
Barbara Kingsolver, Camille Kingsolver, and Ste-
ven L. Hopp. 2008. Harper Perennial. A family’s
engaging journey through a one-year local diet.
Harvest for Hope: A guide to mindful eating by Jane
Goodall, Gary McAvoy, and Gail Hudson. 2006.
Wellness Central. Speaks to the social significance
of our food choices.
Pathways to Abundant Gardens: A pictorial guide
to successful organic gardening by Craig Elevitch.
2007. Permanent Agriculture Resources.
An inspirational book about growing local
and sustainable food.
Periodicals
Acres U.S.A., a monthly magazine. Acres
U.S.A., P.O. Box 91299, Austin, TX
78709. North America’s oldest, larg-
est magazine covering commercial-scale
organic and sustainable farming. Web:
www.acresusa.com
Mother Earth News. Ogden Publications,
Inc., 1503 SW 42nd St., Topeka, Kansas
66609-1265. The original magazine for
sustainable living, including organic gar-
dening. Web:
www.motherearthnews.com
Permaculture Activist. Permaculture Activ-
ist, PO Box 5516, Bloomington, IN 47407.
Information about permaculture design,
edible landscaping, bioregionalism, ecovillage de-
sign, aquaculture, natural building, earthworks,
forestry, soils, agriculture, urban sustainability, re-
newable energy, regeneration & restoration. Web:
www.permacultureactivist.net
Common obstacles to homegrown
food
Time. Most people today have very busy schedules
earning a living, going to school, or taking care of
children or other family members. Spending time
growing food at home has become a low priority,
especially when food is readily available in stores.
The percentage of ready-to-eat food purchased has
been increasing steadily over the years, meaning
that we are also spending less time preparing tasty
dishes. Solution: We need to find ways to grow
food in the same amount or less time than we al-
ready spend on maintaining home landscapes (see
“Short- and long-lived food plants”).
Knowledge and experience. For some people, it
has been generations since food was grown at
home and the how-to knowledge has been lost.
Time constraints prevent most people from having a large
vegetable garden. However, we can grow food gardens that
take no more time or money than conventional ornamental
landscapes. Gerry shows his perennial collard patch to a visi-
tor. Honalo.
6. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 6
Those who have grown up on the mainland
and migrated to Hawai‘i may not have any
experience growing food in a tropical envi-
ronment with a different climate, soils, and
crops. Solution: Start learning on a small
project, while learning from neighbors,
volunteer projects, workshops, and books.
Soil. On Hawai‘i Island, there are many
places where loose soil is shallow or nearly
absent. These areas include, but are not
limited to, North and South Kona, South
Kohala, Ka‘ū, and Puna. Solution: The key
to tropical soil fertility is organic matter,
the living and decaying plant and animal
matter that is naturally cycled through soil
(see “Mulch, compost, and other sources of
fertility”).
Land. Condo dwellers, renters, and many
others lack access to land for gardening. In urban
areas, open land suitable for gardening can be
scarce. Solution: Where land is scarce, small plots
and container gardens can be used to grow sub-
stantial amounts of produce and herbs (see “Start
small and close by”).
Plant materials. Aside from mainland vegetable
seed companies, plant materials for tropical and
subtropical species of vegetables and fruits can be
hard to find. Solution: Investigate unconvention-
al plant sources such as seed exchanges, farmers’
markets, and even neighbors (see “Seeds and other
plant materials”).
Short- and long-lived food plants
With our mild tropical climate in Hawai‘i, we are
very fortunate to be able to grow most food plants
from both temperate and tropical climates. Tem-
perate food plants include many table vegetables
such as lettuce, cabbage, tomato, cucumber, corn,
squash, spinach, sunflower, radish, peas, and
beans. These plants have relatively short life cycles,
usually 2–9 months. These short-lived plants are
adapted to completing their life cycle during the
few months of spring, summer, and fall. Since we
have a mild winter in Hawai‘i (except at high eleva-
tions above 4–5,000 ft [1,200–1,500 m]), most peo-
ple can grow temperate vegetables year round. A
garden of temperate vegetables can start producing
food within a few weeks, and with regular care and
maintenance, can produce continually. A garden
filled with short-lived crops is constantly changing,
with certain plants completing their life cycle (by
going to seed) and others beginning anew—with
commensurate demands on the time and energy of
the gardener.
Certain temperate food plants can produce for one
or two years or even longer in our climate. These
long-lived crops include, kale, collard, peppers,
basil, parsley, asparagus, chard, and many others.
These require less labor, because they don’t need to
be replanted as often. Many temperate fruits (e.g.,
apple, plum, peach) can also grow well in Hawai‘i,
although many require a certain number of chill
hours (temperature below 45°F [7.2°C]) in order to
set fruit. The amount of chill required for produc-
ing many temperate fruits is only experienced at
higher elevations in Hawai‘i.
We can also take advantage of the world of tropi-
cal food plants. Examples are staples such as taro,
sweet potato, yam, and cassava, legumes such as
Local gardeners are a great source of knowledge and locally
appropriate plant materials. Evan teaches a workshop about
growing a very diverse food garden right outside the back
door. Hāwī.
7. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 7
winged bean and pigeon pea, and
vegetables such as chayote and tree
tomato. Many of these are long-
lived. There is also a wide range
of long-lived perennial leafy veg-
etables that are unfamiliar to most
people, but are tasty and nutritious,
including chaya, sissoo spinach,
Okinawan spinach, edible hibiscus,
and cassava (also produces edible
tuber).
Many tropical fruits produce for
years and even decades, and can
form the foundation of a home-
grown diet. The starches include
banana (dessert and cooking types)
and breadfruit. Nuts include maca-
damia, pili, Malabar chestnut, and
coconut. There are innumerable
fruits that can be included in a home
garden such as pineapple, papaya,
avocado, mango, lychee, starfruit,
passion fruit, dragon fruit, jackfruit,
fig, guava, and every kind of citrus
fruit. All of these can be accommo-
dated in small gardens by keeping
them pruned to a small size.
Books
Cornucopia II: A source book of
edible plants by Stephen Facciola.
1998. Kampong Publications. Com-
prehensive coverage of the edible
plants of the world.
Hawai‘i Organic Gardening Guide
by Shunyam Nirav. June 1992 (3rd
edition). New
Dawn Environmental Service. Now out of print,
this is a classic guide to crops for Hawai‘i.
Fruits of Warm Climates by Julia F. Morton. 1987.
Comprehensive coverage of fruits. Available for
free online:
www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/
Manual of Tropical and Subtropical Fruits by Wil-
son Popenoe. 1920. The Macmillan Company. A
very useful reference for tropical fruits. Available
for free from Google Books:
books.google.com
Top: A garden of short-lived temperate vegetables such as this one
(sunflower, beet, lettuce, daikon) produces lots of food, but requires
constant care such as weeding and replanting. Bottom: A garden of
tropical food plants (sweet potato, cassava, banana, breadfruit) re-
quires less weeding and replanting, because of the long-lived species.
8. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 8
Web resources
HawaiiFruit.net includes a wide range of in-
formation about fruits suitable for Hawai‘i:
www.hawaiifruit.net
“Leaves to live by: Perennial leaf vegetables” gives
an introduction to long-lived leafy vegetables for
the tropics: www.agroforestry.net/pubs/
Leaves_to_Live_By-Elevitch.pdf
Know your site
Getting to know the environment where you live is
the best way to begin the process of growing food.
Knowing about your soil, rainfall, elevation, wind
direction, and other environmental conditions will
help determine what to plant and what might need
to be done to improve conditions for plants and
animals. The environment includes:
Soil. Soils vary tremendously across the island,
from sandy clays to coarse soil in lava rock. A soil
test can help determine the nutrients available in
your soil.
Rainfall. Precipitation ranges from almost none to
over 200 inches (5,000 mm) per year on Hawai‘i
Island. Rainfall maps based on historical data can
give you a good average value for your region.
Elevation. Average temperature varies with eleva-
tion above sea level. In general, the higher the el-
evation, the cooler the average temperatures are.
Aspect. Aspect is the direction a slope faces (e.g.,
south, west, etc) and partly determines the amount
of sunlight exposure on a site.
Wind direction. The prevailing wind direction,
particularly on the windward side of the island
will help determine where windbreaks should be
planted.
Margaret holds up a photograph of her backyard being leveled by a bulldozer before she started her garden.
9. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 9
Books
Atlas of Hawai‘i by Sonia P. Juvik. 1998 (3rd
edi-
tion). University of Hawaii Press. Includes many
environmental maps, including rainfall, elevation,
and wind maps.
Introduction to Permaculture by Bill Mollison with
Reny Mia Slay. 1997. Tagari Publications, Tyalgum,
Australia. A key reference to site design in harmo-
ny with natural processes.
The One-straw Revolution: An introduction to natu-
ral farming by Masanobu Fukuoka. 1978. Rodale
Press. A very influential book about a philosophy
of natural farming based on observation of the
natural world.
Rodale’s All-New Encyclopedia of Organic Garden-
ing: The Indispensable Resource for Every Gardener
edited by Fern Marshall Bradley and Barbara W.
Ellis. 1993. Rodale Books. A comprehensive guide
to organic gardening and gardening in general.
Web resources
A free guide for soil testing from the University of
Hawai‘i entitled, “Testing Your Soil Why and How
to Take a Soil-Test Sample”
www2.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/
pdf/AS-4.pdf
Google Earth, a free application, is a wonderful way
to familiarize yourself with your neighborhood
earth.google.com
USDA NRCS soil survey data is available online.
You can also contact your local USDA Natural Re-
sources Conservation Service office for more in-
formation. websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/
app/HomePage.htm
Start small and close by
If you are not already growing food, then starting
small and close by the house is the best strategy
for success. Many people get excited about gar-
dening and they put lots of effort into a relatively
large area, only to be overwhelmed with mainte-
nance such as weeding, watering, replanting, etc.,
eventually becoming frustrated and abandoning
the project. Starting small allows you to learn what
works for you in terms of crops, methods, and
your ability to keep up with the work. As you get
some experience under your belt, you can expand
on the area with a better sense of your limitations.
It also allows you to experiment, without risking
large losses of time, space, or money. Planting
close by your home allows you to keep a watch-
ful eye on your project several times a day. “Out
of sight, out of mind” applies especially to garden
plots, so putting your new planting near where you
naturally spend time daily will remind you to give
Left: A small vegetable garden near the entrance to a home tends to get daily attention. Right: Expand your
garden only as you develop successful methods and routines, and know that you can handle the expansion.
10. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 10
attention to the garden when it needs it, such as
watering, weeding, replanting, and harvesting. A
garden close to the house improves your ability to
control wild animals that can cause problems, such
as chickens, turkeys, and pigs. Moreover, having a
garden or animals near the house will allow you to
easily experience your garden and learn about its
needs and cycles.
Some examples of starting small near the house in-
clude:
• A container garden in large nursery pots can be
placed next to the lanai, front door, or kitchen
door, and can produce a good amount
of food, depending on the number of
containers.
• A small garden bed, about 3 ft x 10 ft
can provide abundant kitchen greens
and herbs.
• A small raised garden bed, such as one
built on a platform fashioned from
used pallets, is a good height for work-
ing without having to squat or stoop
over.
All of these examples can start small and
can be scaled up over time, as desired.
Books
How to Grow More Vegetables (and fruits,
nuts, berries, grains, and other crops than
you ever thought possible on less land than
you can imagine): A primer on the life-giv-
ing sustainable grow biointensive method of
organic horticulture by John Jeavons. 2006
(7th
edition). Ten Speed Press. A classic in
the field of sustainable gardening.
Web resources
“Start small…and expand on successes” is a
short article covering this topic:
www.agroforestry.net/
overstory/overstory5.html
Compost, mulch, and other sources
of fertility
Decomposing organic materials are the primary
source of fertility in organic gardens. The richest
source of organic materials is plant matter such as
tree and garden trimmings, grass clippings, weeds,
and kitchen scraps. These can be used directly in
the garden as mulch or indirectly after composting.
Mulch is a layer of decomposing organic matter on
the soil surface. Mulching improves nutrient and
water retention in the soil, encourages favorable
soil microbial activity and worms, and suppresses
Top: Healthy, mulched soil is dark and holds moisture (left),
whereas bare soil loses its nutrients and moisture faster. Bot-
tom: Composting can turn yard trimmings into nutrient-rich
humus.
11. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 11
weed growth. When properly done, mulching can
significantly improve the well being of plants and
reduce maintenance as compared to bare soil cul-
ture.
Composting is a controlled, intensive decomposi-
tion of organic matter into a form that is rich in
available nutrients. The composting process in-
volves a minimum volume of organic material
with a certain ratio of nitrogen-rich (green leaves,
manure) and carbon-rich (woody) materials at the
appropriate moisture and air content. When done
correctly, compost generates heat from intensive
microbial activity until it decomposes into a dark,
rich, finished humus. Compost can either be mixed
into garden soil, or used as mulch, preferably un-
derneath other mulch materials so that it does not
dry out.
Both mulching and composting are easy to carry
out, but there are some principles to learn. See the
links below for further information.
Other sources of fertility include vermicompost,
animal manure, and ground covers. Vermicom-
post is an ambient temperature compost where
worms do much of the decomposition of the or-
ganic matter. Animal manures from poultry, rab-
bits, goats, and other livestock are rich sources of
nutrients. Ground covers, especially leguminous
plants, build fertility as they grow.
Finally, sometimes it is necessary to supplement
soil nutrients that are lacking with mineral amend-
ments that are brought in from elsewhere. These
include crushed coral (calcium), rock phosphate
and bone meal (phosphorous sources), green sand
and wood ash (potassium source) and basalt rock
powder (wide range of minerals). The need for
these amendments can be determined by nutrient
deficiency symptoms in your plants, a plant tissue
analysis, or a soil test.
Properly applied mulch can turn a lawn into a fruit and vegetable garden. This mulch is in the process of being
applied, with cardboard placed directly over the grass (left), followed by a thick layer of chipped yard trim-
mings (right). Hāwī.
12. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 12
Books
How to Have a Green Thumb Without an Aching
Back: A new method of mulch gardening by Ruth
Stout and Leta Macleod Brunckhorst. 1990. Fire-
side. Describes gardening with mulch in a fun,
narrative style.
The Rodale Book of Composting: Easy methods for
every gardener edited by Grace Gershuny and
Deborah L. Martin. 1992 (revised edition). Rodale
Books. An updated version of Rodale’s Complete
Book of Composting (1960), this book covers all
aspects of composting.
Teaming with Microbes: A Gardener’s Guide to the
Soil Food Web by Jeff Lowenfels and Wayne Lew-
is. 2006. Timber Press. An excellent guide to soil
health from a biological perspective.
Worms Eat My Garbage: How to set up & maintain
a worm composting system by Mary Appelhof. 1997
(revised edition). Flower Press. A seminal work in
worm husbandry at home.
Web resources
“Sheet Mulching: Greater Plant and Soil Health
for Less Work” gives detailed instructions about
mulching:
www.agroforestry.net/pubs/Sheet_
Mulching.html
Compost How-to:
www.compostinstructions.com
“Recommended Plant Tissue Nutrient Levels” in-
cludes a table for most fruits and vegetables for
Hawai‘i and an order form for tissue analysis:
www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/oc/freepubs/
pdf/pnm4.pdf
Seeds and other plant materials
Many food plants can be propagated from seed and
many are propagated from vegetative parts such
as cuttings or offshoots. Temperate vegetables are
usually propagated from seed (e.g., lettuce, corn,
beans). Seed is very handy because for most spe-
cies it can be dried and stored cool and dark in an
airtight container for years or decades, depending
on the species and the storage conditions. Each
seed is a plant embryo with initial stored nutri-
ents in “suspended animation” until the conditions
for germination occur. This suspended state al-
lows seed to be stored from year to year and easily
transported. There are numerous seed companies
on the U.S. mainland that supply many types of
vegetables and numerous varieties. Many of these
mainland-grown varieties are adapted to mainland
conditions, rather than conditions in Hawai‘i. To
get the best varieties for Hawai‘i, including selec-
tions made here in Hawai‘i, check with neighbors
Some of the best seeds are grown and shared locally through seed exchanges, among friends, and at farmer’s
markets. Ideally, use varieties that have been selected and proven for local conditions over many seasons.
13. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 13
and participate in local seed exchanges. Vendors at
farmer’s markets will sometimes sell seed or seed-
lings of locally adapted vegetables.
Many tropical plants are propagated from vegeta-
tive parts. These include taro, sweet potato, cassava,
banana, breadfruit, pineapple, sugar cane, and gin-
ger. For these plants, you’ll need to find growing
plants in order to propagate more of them. Certain
fruits such as fig, mulberry, and dragon fruit are
propagated from cuttings (branches of a certain
size, depending on species), which can take root
and grow into separate plants that are genetically
identical to the original plant.
Many tropical fruits can be grown from seed, but
are usually grafted. This means that a small vegeta-
tive part such as a twig from a specific variety (e.g.,
‘Sharwil’ avocado, ‘Rapoza’ mango) is made to graft
onto the tissue of a suitable seedling. In this case
the root system of the plant is grown from a seed,
and the part above the graft union is identical to
the variety it originated from. For more informa-
tion on propagation, please see the resources below.
Books
Seed to Seed: Seed saving and growing techniques
for vegetable gardeners by Suzanne Ashworth. 2002.
Seed Savers Exchange, Decorah, Iowa. An exten-
sive seed-saving guide with specific techniques.
Breed Your Own Vegetable Varieties: The gardener’s
& farmer’s guide to plant breeding & seed saving
by Carol Deppe. 2000 (revised edition). Chelsea
Green. A scientific as well as practical guide to
breeding your own vegetable varieties.
Rooting Cuttings of Tropical Trees by Alan Long-
man. 1993. Commonwealth Science Council. In-
troduction to vegetative propagation of trees for
the lay person. www.fao.org/docrep/006/
ad231e/AD231E00.HTM
Pests and diseases
Most organic gardeners consider pests and dis-
eases to be a symptom—as opposed to a cause—of
poor plant health. From this perspective, pest and
disease prevention focuses on plant health, which
depends on these factors:
Growing the right plants for your environment.
Varieties that are well suited to your soil, rainfall,
temperature, and other environmental factors will
tend to have better health than those that are not
adapted to your conditions.
Soil health. Healthy soil is the basis for vibrant
plants, and the basis for healthy soil is organic mat-
ter added as mulch or compost.
Biodiversity. Growing a mixture of different plants
and varieties tends to suppress pests and diseases
relative to growing a single crop on a large scale.
Left: Many tropical food plants are only propagated from vegetative parts, including Hawaiian canoe plants
such as taro, banana, and breadfruit. Right: Taro tops (huli) ready for replanting.
14. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 14
If you already have a pest or disease prob-
lem (you are past the point of prevention),
then there are organic options for treat-
ment. When faced with such problems,
many gardeners opt to start over with a
different crop or plant variety.
Books
Eco-Farm, An Acres U.S.A. Primer: The de-
finitive guide to managing farm and ranch
soil fertility, crops, fertilizers, weeds and in-
sects while avoiding dangerous chemicals by
Charles Walters. 2003 (3rd revised edition).
Acres USA. A detailed, authoritative prim-
er for the paradigm shift towards organic
and sustainable agriculture.
Weeds, Guardians of the Soil by Joseph A.
Cocannouer. 1980. Devin-Adair. Shows
how weeds contribute to garden health and
give clues as to soil conditions.
Web resources
Soil Biology Primer: soils.usda.gov/
sqi/concepts/soil_biology/bi-
ology.html
Hawaii Plant Pests and Diseases by Dr. Scot
Nelson: www.plant-doctor.net
University of Hawai‘i Master Gardener
program: www.ctahr.hawaii.edu/
ctahr2001/UrbanGardenCenter/
index.html
Other tips for success
Grow what you love to eat. Growing your
favorite foods will give you the enthusiasm
and fortitude you will need to succeed.
Grow what thrives naturally in your area.
Growing plants that thrive in your condi-
tions is very satisfying, versus the frustra-
Top: A well-balanced soil with plenty of decomposed organic
matter is the basis for plant health. Middle: A diverse garden
is less prone to outbreaks of pests and disease than large, sin-
gle crop plantings. Bottom: A diverse food forest of banana,
cassava, taro, jackfruit, jaboticaba, and fig (left to right).
15. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 15
tion that can come out of growing plants that are
not well suited to your growing conditions.
Learn to love to eat what loves to grow where you
live. A combination of the two tips above, this phi-
losophy is a real winner.
Gardeners garden because they find it rewarding
and satisfying. It’s probably best to find a way to
grow food at home that suits you. For example, if
you enjoy tending an annual garden, then that is
a good place for you to start. Others might con-
sider starting with fruit trees or growing long-lived
shrubs with edible leaves. Finding ways to grow
food enjoyably increases your chances of success.
Supporting homegrown food
There are many options for supporting homegrown
food in addition to growing your own food. These
include:
• Buy or trade for homegrown food from your
neighbors. Neighborly exchange of food is an
integral part of local culture in Hawai‘i, inspir-
ing a sense of cohesive community.
• Volunteer to help a neighbor with their garden.
Sharing work with neighbors empowers them
and thereby benefits the community as a whole.
• Community gardens are an option for those
who don’t have access to land where they live.
Support the establishment of community gar-
dens throughout the island.
• Buy from small producers at local farmer’s
markets. Many vendors at our local farmer’s
markets sell surpluses from their own home
gardens. Support enthusiastic gardeners finan-
cially when the opportunity arises.
• Community Supported Agriculture (CSA) is a
way to support local growers by committing to
regular produce purchases.
• Donate money or volunteer at school garden-
ing projects. School garden projects give kids
an opportunity to learn about growing food,
which they can teach to their family.
• Insist on locally grown from retailers and res-
taurants. Spend your hard-earned food dollars
locally and you ensure that local gardeners and
farmers can afford to continue growing food,
while keeping your money circulating in your
local community, rather than leaving the island
to buy imported food.
Beyond growing food at home, you can support homegrown food by patronizing local vendors at farmer’s
markets. Hōlualoa.
16. Hawai‘i Island Homegrown: Start-up guide for an organic self-reliance garden 16
Books
Sharing the Harvest: A guide to community support-
ed agriculture by Elizabeth Henderson and Robyn
Van En. 2007 (revised edition). Chelsea Green
Publishing. Describes how to form partnerships
between local farmers and nearby consumers.
Web resources
World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms:
www.wwoof.org
Slow Food Hawai‘i’s Guide to Hawai‘i Island Grown
Food including farmers’ markets and community
supported agriculture:
www.slowfoodhawaii.org/local.html
Organizational web sites
Hawai‘i Homegrown Food Network
www.hawaiihomegrown.net
Hawai‘i Agriculture Notes
www.ahualoa.net/ag/notes_farming.
html
Hawai‘i Farmers Union
www.hawaiifarmersunion.org
Hawai‘i Fruit
www.Hawaiifruit.net
Hawai‘i Island School Garden Network
www.kohalacenter.org/HISGN/about.
html
Hawai‘i Organic Farmers Association
www.hawaiiorganic.org
Hawai‘i SEED www.hawaiiseed.org
Hawai‘i Tropical Fruit Growers
www.hawaiitropicalfruitgrowers.org
Kona Outdoor Circle
www.konaoutdoorcircle.org
Know Your Farmer Alliance
www.knowyourfarmeralliance.com
Slow Food Hawai‘i
www.slowfoodhawaii.org
Left: Amanda (left side of photo) leads students in a trust building exercise at a school garden. Waimea. Right:
Another way to support local growers is to buy only locally grown produce at your favorite store.