Building owners have more questions and requests on how to integrate renewable power into their buildings. And as the Smart Grid evolves, integration of renewable energy sources is increasing. Possible renewable power technologies include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. As the technologies that support increasing use of renewable energy mature, the codes and standards that define their use, interconnection, and interoperability with the grid must keep pace with them. Engineers involved with integrating renewable power into buildings must be aware of the applicable energy codes and standards and how to properly implement them into the building design. They must also evaluate the design objectives, materials, systems, and construction from all perspectives. It’s critical for designers to assess the design for cost, quality of life, expansion capabilities, efficiencies, impact on environment, creativity, and productivity.
The data center market has expanded dramatically in the past few years, and it doesn’t show signs of slowing down. Many clients and building owners are requesting modular data centers, which can be placed anywhere data capacity is needed. Modular data centers can help cash-strapped building owners add a new data center (or more capacity) to their site, and can assist facilities with unplanned outages, such as disruptions due to storms. Owners look to modular data centers to accelerate the “floor ready” date as compared to a traditional brick and mortar.
The document introduces the AQUAFAN motorless hydro-powered cooling tower technology. It uses the system pump pressure to power the fan through a high-efficiency turbine, requiring no electric motors. This reduces capital and operating expenses by over 25% compared to conventional cooling towers. The AQUAFAN offers reliable and low maintenance operation with low noise, low energy consumption of up to 75% less, and is suitable for high-risk environments due to having no electrical components in the cooling tower. It provides a modular and flexible design that is easy to install and maintain.
Data Center Cooling Design - Datacenter-serverroommarlisaclark
Keep your data center cool and healthy with our smart Data Center Cooling Design which makes sure your data centers never get exhausted and work efficiently. Visit: http://www.datacenter-serverroom.com/rack-row-room-data-center-cooling
The document summarizes key topics from an infrastructure summit in the Middle East region in 2009. It discusses energy efficiency strategies for buildings, including passive design principles, active building systems, smart metering, water efficiency, landscaping, and building control systems. It also outlines alternative energy sources like district cooling, cogeneration, solar, geothermal, and discusses transportation, parking, pavements, and foundations. The document provides details on implementing these various sustainable infrastructure and building strategies.
Re-innovating the CO2 transcritical efficiency for small and medium formatsCAREL Industries S.p.A
The document discusses innovations in CO2 refrigeration systems for small and medium formats to improve energy efficiency. It describes new technologies using inverter-driven DC compressors and modulating ejectors that allow for continuous capacity modulation. This matches the cooling capacity more precisely to demand and reduces on/off cycling. Field data shows these systems can achieve 5-18% energy savings over conventional AC compressor systems, with up to 15% expected annual savings. The new systems also have benefits of using natural CO2 refrigerant, high efficiency even at partial loads, compact size, and ease of use. Continuous modulation is presented as an opportunity to further the use of CO2 technology in more applications in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
Building owners have more questions and requests on how to integrate renewable power into their buildings. And as the Smart Grid evolves, integration of renewable energy sources is increasing. Possible renewable power technologies include solar, wind, geothermal, and biomass. As the technologies that support increasing use of renewable energy mature, the codes and standards that define their use, interconnection, and interoperability with the grid must keep pace with them. Engineers involved with integrating renewable power into buildings must be aware of the applicable energy codes and standards and how to properly implement them into the building design. They must also evaluate the design objectives, materials, systems, and construction from all perspectives. It’s critical for designers to assess the design for cost, quality of life, expansion capabilities, efficiencies, impact on environment, creativity, and productivity.
The data center market has expanded dramatically in the past few years, and it doesn’t show signs of slowing down. Many clients and building owners are requesting modular data centers, which can be placed anywhere data capacity is needed. Modular data centers can help cash-strapped building owners add a new data center (or more capacity) to their site, and can assist facilities with unplanned outages, such as disruptions due to storms. Owners look to modular data centers to accelerate the “floor ready” date as compared to a traditional brick and mortar.
The document introduces the AQUAFAN motorless hydro-powered cooling tower technology. It uses the system pump pressure to power the fan through a high-efficiency turbine, requiring no electric motors. This reduces capital and operating expenses by over 25% compared to conventional cooling towers. The AQUAFAN offers reliable and low maintenance operation with low noise, low energy consumption of up to 75% less, and is suitable for high-risk environments due to having no electrical components in the cooling tower. It provides a modular and flexible design that is easy to install and maintain.
Data Center Cooling Design - Datacenter-serverroommarlisaclark
Keep your data center cool and healthy with our smart Data Center Cooling Design which makes sure your data centers never get exhausted and work efficiently. Visit: http://www.datacenter-serverroom.com/rack-row-room-data-center-cooling
The document summarizes key topics from an infrastructure summit in the Middle East region in 2009. It discusses energy efficiency strategies for buildings, including passive design principles, active building systems, smart metering, water efficiency, landscaping, and building control systems. It also outlines alternative energy sources like district cooling, cogeneration, solar, geothermal, and discusses transportation, parking, pavements, and foundations. The document provides details on implementing these various sustainable infrastructure and building strategies.
Re-innovating the CO2 transcritical efficiency for small and medium formatsCAREL Industries S.p.A
The document discusses innovations in CO2 refrigeration systems for small and medium formats to improve energy efficiency. It describes new technologies using inverter-driven DC compressors and modulating ejectors that allow for continuous capacity modulation. This matches the cooling capacity more precisely to demand and reduces on/off cycling. Field data shows these systems can achieve 5-18% energy savings over conventional AC compressor systems, with up to 15% expected annual savings. The new systems also have benefits of using natural CO2 refrigerant, high efficiency even at partial loads, compact size, and ease of use. Continuous modulation is presented as an opportunity to further the use of CO2 technology in more applications in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
LogiCool InRak Data Centre Cooling 10-60kW: Highly efficient and resilient
The LogiCool InRak is an efficient in-row cooling solution for high density data centre applications. Positioned next to a rack or within a row of server cabinets, the InRak directs air horizontally to the front of the server racks. The InRak delivers complete confidence, with in-built resilience and excellent efficiencies, lifting the InRak’s EER to 90.3 during part load operation.
Providing industry-leading cooling for its footprint, the InRak offers the ultimate in scalable solutions for the modern data centre. It includes a top connection for rooms without a floor void and delivers even greater efficiency when combined with Airedale’s latest technology free-cooling chillers.
This document compares data center standards between the United States' ANSI/TIA 942 standard and China's GB 50174-2008 standard. The US standard uses a tier system of 1 to 4, focusing on redundancy and fault tolerance, while the China standard uses an A to C class system. The document provides details on location, power, generator, UPS, and HVAC requirements according to the different tiers/classes of each standard.
Data center cooling infrastructure slideLivin Jose
CRAC vs CRAH, what is Air-Side Economizer, What is chillers, What is cooling tower, what is CRAC, What is CRAH, what is the importance of cooling in data center, what is Water Side Economizer,
Peerless Filter-Separators provide highly efficient removal of solid and liquid contaminants from gas streams. This helps protect equipment and optimize process efficiency. Peerless Filter-Separators are available in vertical or horizontal configurations and can be customized with various closure, element, and internals options. Peerless guarantees separation efficiency of 99.5% for particles 0.5 microns or larger.
High Density Cooling Solutions for the Next Generation Data Center with Jen42U Data Center Solutions
This document discusses various solutions for high density cooling and precision cooling in next generation data centers. It outlines advantages of different in-row precision cooling options that adapt to changing conditions and racks. Integrated cooling solutions are highlighted that provide flexibility and reduce maintenance costs. Additionally, the document discusses using "free air" or "free cooling" from air-side or water-side economizers to significantly reduce operational costs. Finally, it provides tips to beat the heat in server rooms, including selecting efficient racks and accessories, deploying liquid cooling units, using environmental monitoring, and integrating intelligent power management.
- The document describes an In-Rack chilled water cooling unit for data center applications with a cooling capacity of 30 kilowatts and an operating weight of 35kg.
- It features a microchannel evaporator that ensures high cooling capacity and energy efficiency with an EER of about 400.
- The unit can be attached to standard server racks and handles heat load close to the source for high energy efficiency.
New chiller requirements go into effect on Jan. 1, 2015. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, Addendum ch details minimum performance requirements of heating and air conditioning equipment, including chillers, boilers, and packaged equipment, which continue to increase from the previous standard.
Equipment efficiencies are increased for heat pumps, packaged terminal air conditioners, single package vertical heat pumps, air conditioners, and evaporative condensers. Additional provisions address commercial refrigeration equipment, improved controls on heat rejection and boiler equipment, requirements for expanded use of energy recovery, small motor efficiencies, and fan power control and credits. Control revision requirements have been added to the standard such as direct digital controls in many applications. Finally, the 2013 edition completes the work that was begun on equipment efficiencies for chillers in the 2010 edition.
While Addendum ch may simplify these requirements for consulting engineers, chiller manufacturers are faced with equipment redesigns to comply by the deadline. Also, designers must pay special attention to which path of compliance will be used when testing chillers with or without variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Three Best Practices for Optimizing your IT Infrastructure
In a survey by the Uptime Institute, 42% of enterprise data center managers reported that they would run out of power capacity within 24 months. This statistic isn't surprising when you consider that today's IT hardware requires more power-distribution air conditioning and UPS capacity than in the past.
What steps is your data center taking to mitigate the detrimental disruptions of availability, reliability and uptime caused by a loss of capacity?
To view the recorded webinar event, please visit http://www.42u.com/it-optimization-webinar.htm
This brochure presents Vacon NXP liquid cooled AC drives. As no air ducts are required, these high power density AC drives are suitable for locations where air-cooling is difficult, expensive or impractical or where installation space is at a premium such as in heavy industries with harsh operating conditions like marine & offshore, pulp & paper, renewable energy and mining & metal. These AC drives have been exclusively designed for liquid-cooling and are available in the power range from 7.5 to 5300 kW and at 380-690 VAC supply voltages for both induction motors and permanent magnet motors.
The document describes the Climate Wizard, an indirect evaporative air conditioner that provides highly efficient cooling using outside air. It delivers 100% fresh, cooled outside air while greatly reducing energy consumption compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Climate Wizard has a proven track record worldwide and offers flexible configurations for a wide range of industries. It provides benefits such as improved indoor air quality, reduced electrical demand, flexibility for various applications, lower installation costs, and reduced running costs through its innovative indirect evaporative cooling technology.
رسالتي إلى المؤتمر الخامس لحوار تبريد المناطق 2021 في دبي وفرص السوق الحقيقية - م. جمعة
My Message to the 5th DC Dialogue 2021 in Dubai & TRUE Market Opportunity - by Eng. Juma
Commercial Overview SCS Session 1 Server Rack Strategiespaul_mathews
This document provides an overview of server rack strategies, including:
1) It introduces tower, rack, and blade servers and their uses in small, medium, and large scale environments.
2) It discusses the purpose and design of server racks/cabinets for securely and efficiently holding electronic equipment and facilitating airflow/cooling.
3) It outlines best practices for efficient ventilation and power distribution in server racks to reduce energy costs and emissions as data center heat loads increase over time.
Sustainability & energy efficiency - Sustainable solutions for refrigerationCAREL Industries S.p.A
Last 28th September Klima-Kälte-Tag gave us the unique opportunity to talk to a wide audience about the newest innovations for supermarket refrigeration. With a presentation entitled “Nachhaltige Kälteerzeugung in Supermärkten” Ronald Mayer, sales Manager Refrigeration & Retail D-A-CH-NL, discussed about Heos, our revolutionary high efficiency system solution that combines the use of a waterloop system with DC inverter technology.
In latest years the use of waterloop systems in commercial refrigeration has seen a great boost thanks to the use of DC inverter driven compressors that have significantly improve the energy efficiency of this kind of systems.
The synergic use of DC inverter driven compressors and electronic expansion valves jointly managed by advanced control systems permit to combine the typical benefits of a waterloop system, such as factory tested plug and play cabinets, flexibility and charge/leaks reduction, with energy efficiency, food quality improvements, regulation stability and prehentive diagnostics.
CAREL is continuously improving its Heos sistema for DC waterloop systems, presenting how this technology can further improve the system analysis to a cabinet vs cabinet level, details not available with traditional systems, and how the benefits of this systems can be adapted using different refrigerants.
This document provides information about Climate Wizard, an air conditioning system that uses indirect evaporative cooling to provide cooling with greatly reduced energy consumption compared to traditional refrigerant-based systems. It then describes several example applications of Climate Wizard in both commercial and residential buildings, where it was used for stand-alone cooling, pre-cooling of outside air, and supplementary cooling to reduce loads on existing refrigerant cooling systems. Benefits highlighted include improved air quality, steady electrical demand, flexibility of design, lower installation costs, and reductions in energy use and operating costs.
The document discusses various aspects of data center facility infrastructure including electrical systems, cooling systems, power supply standards, and physical security. It describes the components of electrical and cooling infrastructure needed to power and regulate temperature and humidity in the data center. These include transformers, generators, circuit breakers, distribution boards, voltage regulators, UPS systems, CRAC units, and chillers. The document also covers power supply technology trends, converter topologies, and Uptime Institute tier standards for redundancy. Physical security considerations are outlined related to site location, natural disasters, and accidental or intentional threats.
This is a presentation regarding the introduction to the heating and cooling system technology called variable refrigerant flow systems. (non-commercial)
The document discusses the advantages of liquid cooling over traditional air cooling for data centers. Liquid cooling allows for higher compute capacity and energy savings by removing heat more efficiently and accurately from servers. It also discusses a new nanofluid being developed by the NanoHex project that could improve heat transfer even further when integrated into a liquid cooling system. Finally, it presents a unique liquid cooling device developed by Thermacore Europe that is ready to install in servers and could double the compute capabilities of a data center while delivering coolant directly to processors.
The document discusses Hanley Energy's InRow RC product for data center cooling. The InRow RC provides row-based chilled water cooling solutions for medium to large data centers. It has a modular design that allows for scalable solutions as cooling demands increase. The InRow RC improves energy efficiency and rightsizing to reduce costs. Placing the cooling units in the rack rows minimizes air mixing and moves the cooling source closer to heat loads to improve availability.
Rittal provides liquid cooling packages (LCPs) for efficient rack and data center cooling. The LCPs can cool server racks using either water-based cooling or direct expansion cooling with refrigerant. They offer redundant cooling circuits, fans, and power supplies for high reliability. The water-based LCPs can cool up to 55kW per unit and provide energy savings of up to 50% through intelligent fan control. The direct expansion LCPs are suitable for smaller cooling loads of 12kW.
LogiCool InRak Data Centre Cooling 10-60kW: Highly efficient and resilient
The LogiCool InRak is an efficient in-row cooling solution for high density data centre applications. Positioned next to a rack or within a row of server cabinets, the InRak directs air horizontally to the front of the server racks. The InRak delivers complete confidence, with in-built resilience and excellent efficiencies, lifting the InRak’s EER to 90.3 during part load operation.
Providing industry-leading cooling for its footprint, the InRak offers the ultimate in scalable solutions for the modern data centre. It includes a top connection for rooms without a floor void and delivers even greater efficiency when combined with Airedale’s latest technology free-cooling chillers.
This document compares data center standards between the United States' ANSI/TIA 942 standard and China's GB 50174-2008 standard. The US standard uses a tier system of 1 to 4, focusing on redundancy and fault tolerance, while the China standard uses an A to C class system. The document provides details on location, power, generator, UPS, and HVAC requirements according to the different tiers/classes of each standard.
Data center cooling infrastructure slideLivin Jose
CRAC vs CRAH, what is Air-Side Economizer, What is chillers, What is cooling tower, what is CRAC, What is CRAH, what is the importance of cooling in data center, what is Water Side Economizer,
Peerless Filter-Separators provide highly efficient removal of solid and liquid contaminants from gas streams. This helps protect equipment and optimize process efficiency. Peerless Filter-Separators are available in vertical or horizontal configurations and can be customized with various closure, element, and internals options. Peerless guarantees separation efficiency of 99.5% for particles 0.5 microns or larger.
High Density Cooling Solutions for the Next Generation Data Center with Jen42U Data Center Solutions
This document discusses various solutions for high density cooling and precision cooling in next generation data centers. It outlines advantages of different in-row precision cooling options that adapt to changing conditions and racks. Integrated cooling solutions are highlighted that provide flexibility and reduce maintenance costs. Additionally, the document discusses using "free air" or "free cooling" from air-side or water-side economizers to significantly reduce operational costs. Finally, it provides tips to beat the heat in server rooms, including selecting efficient racks and accessories, deploying liquid cooling units, using environmental monitoring, and integrating intelligent power management.
- The document describes an In-Rack chilled water cooling unit for data center applications with a cooling capacity of 30 kilowatts and an operating weight of 35kg.
- It features a microchannel evaporator that ensures high cooling capacity and energy efficiency with an EER of about 400.
- The unit can be attached to standard server racks and handles heat load close to the source for high energy efficiency.
New chiller requirements go into effect on Jan. 1, 2015. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings, Addendum ch details minimum performance requirements of heating and air conditioning equipment, including chillers, boilers, and packaged equipment, which continue to increase from the previous standard.
Equipment efficiencies are increased for heat pumps, packaged terminal air conditioners, single package vertical heat pumps, air conditioners, and evaporative condensers. Additional provisions address commercial refrigeration equipment, improved controls on heat rejection and boiler equipment, requirements for expanded use of energy recovery, small motor efficiencies, and fan power control and credits. Control revision requirements have been added to the standard such as direct digital controls in many applications. Finally, the 2013 edition completes the work that was begun on equipment efficiencies for chillers in the 2010 edition.
While Addendum ch may simplify these requirements for consulting engineers, chiller manufacturers are faced with equipment redesigns to comply by the deadline. Also, designers must pay special attention to which path of compliance will be used when testing chillers with or without variable frequency drives (VFDs).
Three Best Practices for Optimizing your IT Infrastructure
In a survey by the Uptime Institute, 42% of enterprise data center managers reported that they would run out of power capacity within 24 months. This statistic isn't surprising when you consider that today's IT hardware requires more power-distribution air conditioning and UPS capacity than in the past.
What steps is your data center taking to mitigate the detrimental disruptions of availability, reliability and uptime caused by a loss of capacity?
To view the recorded webinar event, please visit http://www.42u.com/it-optimization-webinar.htm
This brochure presents Vacon NXP liquid cooled AC drives. As no air ducts are required, these high power density AC drives are suitable for locations where air-cooling is difficult, expensive or impractical or where installation space is at a premium such as in heavy industries with harsh operating conditions like marine & offshore, pulp & paper, renewable energy and mining & metal. These AC drives have been exclusively designed for liquid-cooling and are available in the power range from 7.5 to 5300 kW and at 380-690 VAC supply voltages for both induction motors and permanent magnet motors.
The document describes the Climate Wizard, an indirect evaporative air conditioner that provides highly efficient cooling using outside air. It delivers 100% fresh, cooled outside air while greatly reducing energy consumption compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Climate Wizard has a proven track record worldwide and offers flexible configurations for a wide range of industries. It provides benefits such as improved indoor air quality, reduced electrical demand, flexibility for various applications, lower installation costs, and reduced running costs through its innovative indirect evaporative cooling technology.
رسالتي إلى المؤتمر الخامس لحوار تبريد المناطق 2021 في دبي وفرص السوق الحقيقية - م. جمعة
My Message to the 5th DC Dialogue 2021 in Dubai & TRUE Market Opportunity - by Eng. Juma
Commercial Overview SCS Session 1 Server Rack Strategiespaul_mathews
This document provides an overview of server rack strategies, including:
1) It introduces tower, rack, and blade servers and their uses in small, medium, and large scale environments.
2) It discusses the purpose and design of server racks/cabinets for securely and efficiently holding electronic equipment and facilitating airflow/cooling.
3) It outlines best practices for efficient ventilation and power distribution in server racks to reduce energy costs and emissions as data center heat loads increase over time.
Sustainability & energy efficiency - Sustainable solutions for refrigerationCAREL Industries S.p.A
Last 28th September Klima-Kälte-Tag gave us the unique opportunity to talk to a wide audience about the newest innovations for supermarket refrigeration. With a presentation entitled “Nachhaltige Kälteerzeugung in Supermärkten” Ronald Mayer, sales Manager Refrigeration & Retail D-A-CH-NL, discussed about Heos, our revolutionary high efficiency system solution that combines the use of a waterloop system with DC inverter technology.
In latest years the use of waterloop systems in commercial refrigeration has seen a great boost thanks to the use of DC inverter driven compressors that have significantly improve the energy efficiency of this kind of systems.
The synergic use of DC inverter driven compressors and electronic expansion valves jointly managed by advanced control systems permit to combine the typical benefits of a waterloop system, such as factory tested plug and play cabinets, flexibility and charge/leaks reduction, with energy efficiency, food quality improvements, regulation stability and prehentive diagnostics.
CAREL is continuously improving its Heos sistema for DC waterloop systems, presenting how this technology can further improve the system analysis to a cabinet vs cabinet level, details not available with traditional systems, and how the benefits of this systems can be adapted using different refrigerants.
This document provides information about Climate Wizard, an air conditioning system that uses indirect evaporative cooling to provide cooling with greatly reduced energy consumption compared to traditional refrigerant-based systems. It then describes several example applications of Climate Wizard in both commercial and residential buildings, where it was used for stand-alone cooling, pre-cooling of outside air, and supplementary cooling to reduce loads on existing refrigerant cooling systems. Benefits highlighted include improved air quality, steady electrical demand, flexibility of design, lower installation costs, and reductions in energy use and operating costs.
The document discusses various aspects of data center facility infrastructure including electrical systems, cooling systems, power supply standards, and physical security. It describes the components of electrical and cooling infrastructure needed to power and regulate temperature and humidity in the data center. These include transformers, generators, circuit breakers, distribution boards, voltage regulators, UPS systems, CRAC units, and chillers. The document also covers power supply technology trends, converter topologies, and Uptime Institute tier standards for redundancy. Physical security considerations are outlined related to site location, natural disasters, and accidental or intentional threats.
This is a presentation regarding the introduction to the heating and cooling system technology called variable refrigerant flow systems. (non-commercial)
The document discusses the advantages of liquid cooling over traditional air cooling for data centers. Liquid cooling allows for higher compute capacity and energy savings by removing heat more efficiently and accurately from servers. It also discusses a new nanofluid being developed by the NanoHex project that could improve heat transfer even further when integrated into a liquid cooling system. Finally, it presents a unique liquid cooling device developed by Thermacore Europe that is ready to install in servers and could double the compute capabilities of a data center while delivering coolant directly to processors.
The document discusses Hanley Energy's InRow RC product for data center cooling. The InRow RC provides row-based chilled water cooling solutions for medium to large data centers. It has a modular design that allows for scalable solutions as cooling demands increase. The InRow RC improves energy efficiency and rightsizing to reduce costs. Placing the cooling units in the rack rows minimizes air mixing and moves the cooling source closer to heat loads to improve availability.
Rittal provides liquid cooling packages (LCPs) for efficient rack and data center cooling. The LCPs can cool server racks using either water-based cooling or direct expansion cooling with refrigerant. They offer redundant cooling circuits, fans, and power supplies for high reliability. The water-based LCPs can cool up to 55kW per unit and provide energy savings of up to 50% through intelligent fan control. The direct expansion LCPs are suitable for smaller cooling loads of 12kW.
Christaller's Central Place Theory proposes that settlements will be arranged in a hierarchical pattern with higher order central places that provide more specialized services located further apart and dominating larger areas than lower order places. The theory assumes evenly distributed populations, resources, and transportation costs. Central places are arranged in hexagonal market areas. Christaller identified three principles for their arrangement: marketing (k=3), transportation (k=4), and administrative (k=7). While the theory describes observed urban hierarchies, its assumptions rarely hold exactly due to variable factors like transportation costs, resources, and government intervention. It remains useful for understanding trade center locations and applicability to economic development.
Ringkasan dokumen tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
Dokumen tersebut membahas mengenai sumber semula jadi dan sumber manusia Malaysia serta berbagai sektor ekonomi negara beserta lokasi dan kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan, pekerjaan, dan pembangunan negara. Dokumen tersebut juga menyentuh mengenai pentingnya pemeliharaan lingkungan alam dan pembangunan ekonomi berkelanjutan.
Saurav Kumar is a senior build and release engineer with over 5 years of experience in configuration and release management. He has expertise in Jenkins, TFS ALM, build automation, release management, and scripting languages like Python, Perl, and Batch. Currently working as a senior product engineer at Persistent Systems Ltd where he administers Jenkins, manages daily builds and releases, automates processes using scripts, and works closely with development and QA teams. He holds a B.E. in IT from Rajendra Mane College of Engineering.
This document provides an overview of cholestatic liver diseases in adults. It defines cholestasis as a disruption of bile flow that can occur within hepatocytes or in intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile ducts. Cholestatic diseases are classified as intrahepatic or extrahepatic based on imaging findings. Examples of intrahepatic and extrahepatic causes are provided. The document then discusses primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in detail, including their definitions, pathophysiology, presentations, diagnostic criteria, management, and comparisons. It also briefly covers drug-induced cholestasis, hepatitis, and post-liver transplantation chole
Management of Cirrhotic Ascites and its Related ComplicationsAhmed Adel
This document provides information on the management of cirrhotic ascites and its complications. It discusses the types and grading of ascites, initial evaluation, prognosis, and management approaches for different grades of ascites including diuretics and paracentesis. It also covers refractory ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis diagnosis and treatment, and spontaneous bacterial empyema. The key points are: ascites is a common complication of cirrhosis and indicates poor prognosis; initial evaluation includes abdominal ultrasound and paracentesis; grade 2 ascites is treated with salt restriction and diuretics; grade 3 requires large volume paracentesis and albumin to prevent complications; refractory ascites has few treatment options including TIPS or transplantation
A brief presentation about the current evidence based medical knowledge about the use of salt free albumin . After finishing this presentation you might discover that a lot of our practice lacks a solid basis regarding the use of this expensive drug.
Preoperative Evaluation For Living Donor Liver TransplantationAhmed Adel
This document discusses the preoperative evaluation of patients for living donor liver transplantation. It covers the history of liver transplantation, what the procedure entails, indications and contraindications for the procedure. It provides details on evaluating potential recipients, including medical history, lab tests, imaging and consultations required. Key aspects of managing patients' conditions while waiting for transplantation are outlined, such as treating complications like ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome. Guidelines for treatment of specific diseases like hepatitis B are also summarized.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Road To International Medical studentshipAhmed Adel
A brief guide to the common ways of getting a place for studying abroad especially for medical students .. It's a BRIEF guide and additional efforts should be done from candidates to show good intentions :D ..
La Unión Europea ha propuesto un nuevo paquete de sanciones contra Rusia que incluye un embargo al petróleo ruso. El embargo se aplicaría gradualmente durante seis meses para el petróleo crudo y ocho meses para los productos refinados. El objetivo es aumentar la presión sobre Rusia para que ponga fin a su invasión de Ucrania.
Critical design elements for high power density data centersInternap
When it comes to high-power density data centers, all are not created equal. As organizations increasingly focus on heavy-duty, transactional workloads like big data analytics, they’re seeking space that can support upwards of 17kW per rack. Delivering these super high-power densities while ensuring tolerable working conditions requires careful planning and significant attention to air flow management, temperature control and electricity.
Shoreline Power Services designs custom modular container systems to provide electrical power solutions tailored to specific needs and environments. Their modular containers can be deployed quickly and save time and money compared to traditional construction. They provide turnkey solutions including design, building, delivery, installation, and electrical connections of modular container systems.
The document provides an overview of HVAC systems, including key components and design considerations. It discusses the importance of HVAC for construction professionals due to costs, space requirements, and impact on building performance. The document then outlines the process of designing an HVAC system and various refrigeration, heating, cooling, and distribution options to consider. It provides pros and cons of different centralized and decentralized system types and highlights important coordination and specification details.
Learn about the full scope of early containment planning, including: Overview of strategies, challenges and best practices, planning considerations.
Impact of containment
This document provides information about Compu-Aire, Inc., a manufacturer of specialized air conditioning systems. Compu-Aire designs and manufactures precision cooling systems for applications requiring tight temperature and humidity control, such as data centers. It has been in business for 29 years and is ISO 9001 certified. Compu-Aire offers floor mounted cooling systems in various configurations and capacities to suit different customer needs. It prides itself on flexibility, reliability, and efficiency in meeting mission critical cooling demands.
This document discusses a case study of how CCMS (Central Control and Monitoring System) technology was used to solve temperature imbalance issues at a Border Foods restaurant in Minnesota. The CCMS system from 75F used sensors and cloud-based algorithms to automatically balance airflow and adjust temperatures throughout the restaurant kitchen and dining area in response to outside weather and solar conditions. This created a more uniform and comfortable environment for employees and customers. The CCMS system also helped the restaurant maintain optimal positive pressure levels.
Nereus for cooling - Sustainable Water Solutions, LLCdamiendasher
Sustainable Water Solutions, LLC is is a multi-discipline group of highly experienced and innovative water industry professionals who focus on providing the most complete, efficient and effective water reuse, water recycling, and process fluid treatment solutions available today.
Setty & Associates International is an engineering firm established in 2002 with 47 members specializing in mechanical, electrical, and other engineering disciplines. The document discusses and compares three options for mechanical systems for a building: self-contained roof top units, a chiller/boiler with air handling units, and a variable refrigerant flow system. Each option is described in one or two sentences.
Intermountain Electronics (IE) is a single source provider of turnkey power and process systems, including custom engineered, factory built, and field ready solutions. They serve clients from various industries like power generation, utilities, oil and gas from their four manufacturing facilities totaling over 250,000 square feet. IE provides integrated solutions that make operations easier for clients, with over 300 years of combined experience from their project engineers.
The document discusses HVAC systems and their purpose of providing healthy and comfortable interior conditions while being energy efficient. It describes different types of HVAC systems including air systems, hydronic and steam systems, and unitary systems. Specific system types like air cooled chillers and water cooled chillers are explained, with air cooled chillers having advantages of lower cost, quicker availability and less maintenance, while water cooled chillers provide higher efficiency and indoor location. The purpose of an air handling system is also mentioned.
Natural and Mechanical Cooling- Kirk Edit 021715Kirk Jones
This document discusses natural and mechanical cooling methods for farm and homestead storage. It begins by describing traditional natural cooling techniques like underground storage, spring water, and ice houses. It then outlines different mechanical cooling systems like venting, fans, refrigeration, and controllers. The document provides examples of different cooling solutions for various storage needs like root cellars, walk-in coolers, and markets. It also discusses important post-harvest care and techniques to remove field heat from produce before storage. Overall, the document provides an overview of both natural and mechanical cooling options and considerations for choosing the right system based on storage needs and scale.
American Event Services provides rental and sales of customized temperature control equipment for temporary and permanent use. They have a wide range of air conditioners, chillers, air handlers, cooling towers, and heaters available from 1 to 500 tons. They also offer power distribution panels, automatic transfer switches, and transformers to provide electrical power. Their equipment is designed to be rugged and durable while also easy to use for the rental industry with features like quick connections and stackable frames.
Electrical rooms provide safe and secure spaces for the operation and maintenance of electrical equipment. While electrical equipment types and ratings can have significant impacts on electrical room requirements, distributing the electrical power to the rest of the building via wiring, busways, and raceways can also affect electrical room design.
Switchboards, switchgear, transformers, generators, and UPSs require space for installation, maintenance, heat dissipation, and possible future expansion. And the wiring, busways, and raceways that distribute the electrical power must be accounted for—now, and in the future. Documentation and monitoring of electrical system’s equipment and how it connects to the rest of the facility must be accurately maintained.
The design of electrical rooms requires an integrated approach among disciplines. Architects and structural, mechanical, and fire protection engineers should work as a team in designing these rooms. NFPA 70: National Electrical Code (NEC) is the main source for electrical room requirements, but other codes, good practices, and recommendations should be considered. The result will be a room that is safe and secure, and provides for the functional operation and maintenance of the specific electrical equipment located within.
cooling system in computer -air / water coolingIbrahem Batta
This document discusses different cooling techniques for electronic devices, including air cooling, liquid cooling, and their components. It provides details on heat sinks, thermal interface materials, fans, blowers, and their differences. Liquid cooling uses water to transmit heat more efficiently than air cooling due to water's higher heat capacity and conductivity. While more effective, liquid cooling systems are more expensive, larger, require technical skills, and carry safety risks if leaked.
For Most Data Centers, Liquid and Air Cooling Will Not be Mutually ExclusiveUpsite Technologies
The document discusses liquid and air cooling in data centers. It notes that for most data centers, liquid and air cooling will not be mutually exclusive. It provides examples of different types of liquid cooling solutions from mainframe to immersion and discusses some of the physics around why liquid cooling can be more effective than air cooling in certain scenarios. It also summarizes that liquid cooling is the removal of heat by liquid and gives an example of a data center utilizing both liquid and air cooling methods.
The document provides specifications for several Bell hydraulic excavator models including the HX230E and HX240E. It summarizes key features and specifications under headings like "Engine", "Hydraulic System", "Operator's Cab", "Undercarriage", "Attachment", and "Technical Data". The excavators use a Positive Control twin-circuit hydraulic system for efficient operation and include powerful Liebherr engines, a comfortable climate-controlled cab, and are designed for maintenance-friendly servicing and maximum uptime.
The document summarizes a study that tested advanced load monitoring controllers on hydronic boiler systems in multifamily buildings in Chicago to reduce cycling and save energy. The controllers monitored supply water temperatures and prevented boilers from firing for up to 15 minutes during low load conditions. Testing found energy savings of up to 14% during shoulder months for a building with boilers cycling over 100 times per day, while a building with fewer cycles saw 7% savings. Savings depend on how oversized boilers are for their loads and are greater in shoulder seasons when cycling rates are higher. The controllers can be easily installed and provide savings without affecting tenant comfort, but the level of savings varies by system and proper prediction requires knowledge of cycling rates and equipment sizing
The document discusses Elliptical Mobile Solutions' R.A.S.E.R. data center product. It outlines the R.A.S.E.R.'s patented closed-loop cooling approach, security features, and competitive advantages over traditional data centers such as reduced costs, space needs, and increased efficiency. It proposes establishing a pilot program to demonstrate the R.A.S.E.R.'s success in order to prove its value for data center customers.
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2. Mechanical Systems – From Design to Verification
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MF Mechanical System Challenges
Team Based Design
Data Rocks!
Verification
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3. MF Mechanical System Challenges
• HVAC – Heating, VENTILATION, and Air
Conditioning
• Also expect dehumidification, operate quietly,
efficiently, fit in small space, be CHEAP, and
not require much maintenance
• Air Conditioners have dehumidification
capabilities, but are not dehumidifiers
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4. Equipment Sizing/Selection for High Performance MF Housing
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Load Calculations
Bigger is not better
High Performance = ≥1000 sqft/ton
MF heating/cooling loads 6-18 kBtuh
Part load conditions/need for variable capacity
Ductwork – sealed, insulated and within conditioned space
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5. Ventilation
• Design for positive pressure or balanced in
our climate zone
• Don’t suck on buildings in our climate zone
(negative pressure/exhaust systems)
• Tenant vs. owner paid
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6. MF Dehumidification
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Change in Housing – Humidification vs. Dehumidification
Rough-in for dehumidification
Wire to refrigerator circuit to prevent resident tampering
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7. Team Based Design
• Owners and Maintenance staff must be at
the table
• Don’t value engineer out all of the project’s
value
• Moisture Management Plan
• Design for the project population
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8. “I predict that someday energy will be so important that we
will measure it.” – Henry Gifford
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