The document discusses the equation of continuity, which is a mathematical expression of the principle of mass conservation. For an incompressible fluid flowing through a pipe of varying cross-sectional area, the equation states that the mass flow rate remains constant. It provides definitions of terms like flow rate and velocity, and notes characteristics of the ideal fluid and equation, including that the fluid is incompressible and flow is laminar and steady. Examples are given of how to apply the equation to problems involving changes in pipe diameter or fluid velocity at different points.