The document discusses different approaches to curriculum development, including the modern subject-centered and postmodern learner-centered approaches. It also outlines the technical-scientific approach, including Bobbitt's model of curriculum construction as analogous to building a railroad and Tyler's influential model. Tyler's model involves four basic principles: 1) defining educational purposes or objectives, 2) selecting educational experiences to meet those objectives, 3) organizing educational experiences, and 4) evaluating whether the objectives have been met. The technical-scientific approach views curriculum development as a rational, systematic process focused on objectives, content, and evaluation.

1. Approaches to Curriculum
Development/
Construction
Dr. V. Singh
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
1 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

2. •Era of Curriculum Development is
past !!!
• Understanding curriculum is more important !!!
• Curriculum development draws on vision of what curriculum is and what
curriculum is for, as well as principles from both our technical postmodern stances.
• Curriculum development consists of various process(technical, humanistic and
artistic) that allows schools and school people to realize certain educational goals.
• Ideally all those affected by a curriculum should be involved in the process of
development.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
2 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

3. Various Approaches to Curriculum
Development
• Modern Period – Subject Centered ( Has
been there for a very long time period)
• Post Modern Period – Learner Centered ( The
emergent and of shorter Duration)
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
3 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

4. Various Approaches to Curriculum
Development
• Danger of Dualisms-
• Technical-nontechnical, up-down, education-training – where first
term is preferred over the second.
• Person who stresses more on subject matter believes on technical
approach whereas those who celebrate the learner as a key to
curriculum advocate non-technical or holistic approaches.
• Persons who consider the curriculum a vehicle for addressing social
problems can favor either approach.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
4 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

5. TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• It is not a vehicle for dehumanizing education, but rather a way of planning
curricula to optimize students’ learning and to allow them to increase their output.
• Curriculum development is a plan or blueprint for structuring the learning
environment and coordinating elements of personnel, materials, and equipment.
• TS view enables us to comprehend curriculum from a macro or broad view and to
understand it as a complex unit of parts organized to serve a common function.
• TS requires that educators use a rational approach to accomplish their tasks
through systematic process and can be evaluated too.
• Subject Centric – Objectives and Goal directs curriculum matter-methods –
evaluation etc.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
5 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

6. TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• James Macdonald – “ technologically” rationality as opposed
to an “ aesthetic rationality”- He believed there is a large body
of knowledge matter and all efforts to be made to deliver the
matter to the students, technological mindsets helps in doing
this.
• Bobbitt and Charters are believed to be the persons who kept
the foundation of TS Approach to curriculum
construction/development.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
6 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

7. TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
• For Bobbitt Curriculum Development is just like construction of a
rail- road. Once the general route is planned eventually tracks are
laid. Curriculum construction also like this first identifies general
objectives and then goes to frame the specific objectives and latter
on curriculum matter, methods and evaluation is planned.
• For Charters wanted educators to connect aim or ideals with
activities that individuals performed. Curriculum construction
has four steps- i. Selecting Objectives, ii. Dividing them into
ideals and activities, iii. Analyzing them to the limits of
working units and iv. Collecting methods of achievement.
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E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
7 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

8. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
• It is the best known technical scientific model.
• Tyler published a book on Curriculum- Basic
Principles of Curriculum and Instruction(1949)
• He outlined the rationale for examining the
problem of curriculum and instruction.
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E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
8 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

9. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
• Those involved in curriculum inquiry must try to define
or ask the four questions-
i. Purpose of the school
ii. Educational experiences related to the purposes.
iii. Organizations of these experiences.
iv. Evaluation of the purposes
These may also be known as principles
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
9 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

10. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
i. Purpose of the school
First the identification of the broad objectives
are done , then they are filtered to specific
objectives. He also introduced the term
instructional objectives.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
10 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

11. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
II. Learning Experiences
The learning Experiences that will let you attend
the objectives. Experiences must be based
upon your previous experiences and to the
perception that the learner brings to a
situation.
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E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
11 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

12. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
III. Organization of these experiences
Organization and sequencing of this experience
must be systematic to achieve optimum results.
Organizing elements such as ideas, concepts,
values and skills, should be woven as thread
into the curriculum fabric. The ideas , concepts,
values, and skills could also link content within
particular subjects.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
12 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

13. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
IV. Evaluation of the Purposes
Tyler’s last principle deals with evaluating the
effectiveness of planning and action. Tyler considered
evaluation as important in curriculum development.
If the learning experiences has produced the desired
results.
Later Tyler advocated for learner’s active engagement as
well as introduction of Non school areas in the
curriculum.
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SXCE,Patna
E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
13 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh

14. The Tyler Model: Four Basic Principles
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E-Content- MCC-07-Approaches to Curriculum Development
14 © Dr. Vikramjit Singh