Economics is the study of how societies create and distribute wealth. Wealth is created through the production of goods and services using three factors of production - land, labor, and capital. Producers use these factors to create supply of goods and services, while consumers create demand. The interaction between supply and demand in a market determines price and what is produced. Economies can be traditional, command, market-based, or mixed. They are measured using indicators like GDP, inflation, and unemployment. The economic cycle includes expansion, peak, recession, and recovery.
This PPT is about Globalization, Channels through which globalization takes place, Effects of globalization, Globalization of Indian economy, Policies towards globalization of the Indian economy- features of globalization policy, Effects of the globalization of Indian economy, Changes in the Indian economy after 1991, liberalization
Digital diplomacy empowering 21 century diplomat in the conduct of diplomacySaeed Al Dhaheri
This was a lecture presented at the Emirates Diplomatic Academy on the 8th of May 2016. The presentation highlights the practice of digital diplomacy today and provides examples from leading MFAs in the practice of digital diplomacy. It also highlights the skills needed by the 21st century diplomats to practice digital diplomacy and the risks and challenges facing MFAs in this area.
In this revision video we range far and wide on many of the important aspects of globalisation including:
Explain what is meant by globalisation
Explain the characteristics of globalisation
Explain the causes of globalisation / factors contributing to globalisation
Evaluate the impact of globalisation and global companies on individual countries, governments, producers and consumers, workers and the environment
Evaluate the impact of the performance of emerging economies on other economies.
Explain how the pattern of global trade has changed over time
Evaluate comparative advantage as an explanation of global trade patterns
Explain how countries achieve international competitiveness
What is Economics? Essay
Economic Systems Essay
business economics Essay
Macroeconomics Essay
Economic Growth Essay
Economic Impact Essay examples
Essay about U.S. Economy
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This PPT is about Globalization, Channels through which globalization takes place, Effects of globalization, Globalization of Indian economy, Policies towards globalization of the Indian economy- features of globalization policy, Effects of the globalization of Indian economy, Changes in the Indian economy after 1991, liberalization
Digital diplomacy empowering 21 century diplomat in the conduct of diplomacySaeed Al Dhaheri
This was a lecture presented at the Emirates Diplomatic Academy on the 8th of May 2016. The presentation highlights the practice of digital diplomacy today and provides examples from leading MFAs in the practice of digital diplomacy. It also highlights the skills needed by the 21st century diplomats to practice digital diplomacy and the risks and challenges facing MFAs in this area.
In this revision video we range far and wide on many of the important aspects of globalisation including:
Explain what is meant by globalisation
Explain the characteristics of globalisation
Explain the causes of globalisation / factors contributing to globalisation
Evaluate the impact of globalisation and global companies on individual countries, governments, producers and consumers, workers and the environment
Evaluate the impact of the performance of emerging economies on other economies.
Explain how the pattern of global trade has changed over time
Evaluate comparative advantage as an explanation of global trade patterns
Explain how countries achieve international competitiveness
What is Economics? Essay
Economic Systems Essay
business economics Essay
Macroeconomics Essay
Economic Growth Essay
Economic Impact Essay examples
Essay about U.S. Economy
Essay on Principles of Economics
Economics Reflection
Essay about Economic Conditions
Economic Problem Essay
Essay on Economics in My Life
Economics Elasticity Essay
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. Economics is the study of the
economy, or the part of a society
that creates wealth. Wealth is
not just money. Wealth comes
from the production of goods and
services, which people buy with
money.
Introduction
3. People who study economics,
called economists, look at how
people create wealth, how they
use it, and how different people
get different amounts of it.
Introduction
4. A society creates wealth by
producing goods and services.
Goods include such objects as
apples, cars, and roads.
Services are things that people
do for others—for example,
gymnastics lessons, banking,
and dental care. People who buy
these goods and services are
called consumers.
5. LAND
Can mean a large farm or
a tiny workshop. Land
also includes natural
resources like oil and
minerals.
LABOR
Or people who work for
pay. Workers may be
rewarded with wages,
or—if they own the
business—with profits.
CAPITAL
This includes the tools,
factories, and offices that
are used to make the
goods and services.
The process of creating the goods and services is called
production. There are three major factors in production
6. Money is not counted as a factor
of production. Rather, it is the
means by which companies pay
for land, labor, and capital.
Companies get this money from
consumers who buy their goods
or services. And most consumers
get their money by working for
companies.
7. All the companies producing a
particular kind of product or
service are grouped together in
what is known as an industry.
Industries that make things are
called manufacturing industries.
Industries that sell services are
called service industries.
8. Producers of similar goods or services compete with each other for
consumers. The producers and consumers in an industry together
form a market.
9. Economists who study microeconomics look at how consumers spend their
money. They try to explain why consumers buy one product rather than
another. They also look at why companies choose to produce one good or
service rather than another.
Microeconomics
10. Law of suply and demand
The amount consumers want to
buy is called demand. The
amount companies produce is
called supply. Price strongly
affects supply and demand.
11. Law of suply and demand
If a manufacturer charges a high
price for a product, usually it will
sell few products. If it reduces
the price, usually it will sell more
products. A manufacturer aims to
find the price that will result in the
highest total profit.
12. Macroeconomics
Economists who study macroeconomics look at the value of all the goods
and services that a country produces. In this way, they measure a whole
country’s wealth. They also study economic growth, or how a nation’s
wealth becomes larger. Governments are interested in macroeconomics,
too. A government plays an important role in its country’s economy.
13. When a
government
decides which
goods and services
should be produced
and sold, the
economy is said to
be planned.
By contrast, when a
government lets
companies and
consumers decide
what will be
produced, the
economy is called
a free market.
They do this by
raising or lowering
taxes and changing
the amount banks
can charge for
loans. These
actions cause
people to have more
or less money to
spend on goods and
services.
Countries with
capitalist
governments have
free-market
economies. But
even capitalist
governments affect
the economy.
Countries with
socialist or
Communist
governments
usually have
planned economies.
In these countries,
the government
owns the means of
production—capital
and land.
Types of Economies
14. Traditional Market
Command or
Planned
Mixed
Is typically based on
bartering, trading, and
farming. The economy is
largely determined by
how things have been
done in the past with
little change. People in
traditional economies
tend to do the same jobs
as their parents. Can be
found in some pockets
of Africa and the
Middle East
(Sometimes called a
"free market") is one
based on supply and
demand. Consumers
are free to buy whatever
product they want.
Companies can make
whatever product they
want. There is little
government intervention
allowing the economy to
sort itself out through
competition. Ex: USA
The government closely
controls the economy.
The government
determines what goods
are manufactured, the
price they will be sold,
and who gets the profits.
The government owns
many of the major
industries. Countries like
Cuba, China, and the
previous USSR are
practical examples.
Is a combination of a
market and a command
economy. Some
industries are owned
and controlled by the
government, while other
industries are allowed to
be determined by the
market. Mixed
economies vary in how
much control and
regulations the
government has. Ex:
Nordic countries
15. Primary
Involves the extraction
and production of raw
materials.
Secondary
Involves the
transformation of raw or
intermediate materials
into goods.
Tertiary
Involves the provision of
services to consumers
and businesses.
Quaternary
Involves the research and
development needed to
produce products.
Economy sectors
16. Economic measures
There are a number of ways to measure economic activity of a nation.
These methods of measuring economic activity include:
17. Consumer spending
is when people buy
goods and services.
Interest rate
is how much interest is
paid by borrowers for the
money that they borrow.
Exchange rate
is how much one currency
is worth compared to a
different one.
Rate of Inflation
means that the general
level of prices is going up,
the opposite of deflation.
Stock market
is an institution where
humans and computers
buy and sell shares of
companies.
Unemployment rate
is the number of
unemployed people
divided by the total
population of that age
group of a country.
18. is a shortfall in a
government's income
compared with its
spending.
Gross National Product
is the total value of all goods
and services produced by a
country’s citizens in a
financial year.
Gross Domestic Product
is how much a place
produces in an amount of
time.
is the difference existing
between the total of the
country’s exports and
imports.
is the total amount of
debt owed at a point in
time by a government or
state to lenders.
is the total income of a
country, divided by the
number of inhabitants.
GDP
GDP per capita
GNP
National debt
Fiscal Deficit
Balance of trade
19. IMPORT
is a good or service bought in
one country that was
produced in another.
EXPORT
are goods and services that
are produced in one country
and sold to buyers in
another.
Free-trade
agreements on imports from
countries with cheaper labor;
seem responsible for the
decline in manufacturing jobs in
the importing nation.
Trade Deficit
occurs when a country's
imports exceed its exports
during a given time period.
20. Gross Domestic Product
Is a measure used to evaluate
the health of a country’s
economy. It is the total value of
the goods and services produced
in a country during a specific
period of time, usually a year.
GDP is used throughout the
world as the main measure of
output and economic activity.
21. Each country
prepares and
publishes its own
GDP data
regularly.
periodically publish
and maintain
historical GDP data
for many countries.
is considered to be
better off in
economic terms
than a country
with a lower level.
International
organizations such as
the World Bank and the
International Monetary
Fund…
A country with a
higher level of
GDP per capita…
Gross Domestic Product
22. The United States
has the largest GDP
in the world.
Germany has the
largest in Europe.
Nigeria has the
largest in Africa.
China has the
largest in Asia.
Brazil has the
largest in South
America.
Colombia is the #38
in the world.
Gross Domestic Product
23. The last one in
Africa is Sao Tome
& Principe
The last one
in America is
Dominica
The last one in
Europe is San
Marino
The last country
(190) is Tuvalu
1
2
3
4
Gross Domestic Product
24. Recovery
Usually, the government will initiate
programs to help individuals and
companies get started again and
slowly people start to find jobs. The
banks are forced to lower the
interest rates on loans.
Economy
The economy of a country is
decided by businesses – how well
businesses are doing or how
poorly. Economies are always
changing.
Slowdown
Businesses are still operating in a
healthy way but they stop hiring
new employees. Slowly the banks
start increasing the interest rates
on loans. People start to think
twice about buying something.
Expansion
This is a time when business is
booming. New businesses are
opening. There are lots of jobs for
people; wages are high, and the
unemployment rate is low.
Recession
It occurs when some major event happens,
such as a stock market crash, a war, a major
pandemic, etc. The interest on bank loans
skyrocket. Businesses can’t sell their products
because people are afraid to spend money.
Economic Cycle