very helpful poverty eradication

1. POVERTY AND POVERTY
ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES
PREPARED BY: SECTION-B
ANSHIKA,SRISHTI,AVANTIKA,KAVYA,YUVRAJ,SHREYAS,LAKSHAY
ECONOMICS
ASSIGNMENT

2. HOW ARE POVERTY ALLEVIATION
PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
BENEFICIAL FOR ERADICATING
UNEMPLOYMENT?
The unemployment issue in India is considered as one of the major
causes of poverty in India. The poverty rate of a country can be reduced
with high economic growth and by reducing the unemployment
problem. Various poverty alleviation programmes are set up under the
Government of India that aim to eradicate poverty by providing
employment on-demand and through specific guaranteed wage
employment every year to households living below the poverty line.
The generation of employment is important in poverty alleviation
because of the following reasons:
• It will increase the income level of poor household families and will
help in reducing the rate of poverty in the country. Hence, there is a
significant relationship between unemployment and poverty.
• It will decrease the rural-urban migration through the generation of
employment programs in rural areas.
• An increase in the income level through the generation of
employment programs will help the poor in accessing basic facilities
including education, health facilities, and sanitation.

3. HOW ARE EMPLOYMENT
GENERATION PROGRAMMES
IMPORTANT FOR POVERTY
ALLEVIATION IN INDIA?
The importance of employment generation programmes in poverty alleviation efforts in India
are as follows:-
(i) Direct Relationship between Employment and Poverty Alleviation
There exists a positive relationship between employment and poverty alleviation. If
government aims at creating new employment opportunities, then more people will be
employed that will raise their income and, thus, will pull them above the poverty line.
(ii) Higher Standard of Living
With the increase in income, consequent to the new employment opportunities, poverty
trodden people can enjoy higher standard of living and greater accessibility to education,
better health facilities, proper sanitation, etc.
(iii) Reduce Rural-Urban Migration
Poor people tend to migrate from rural to urban areas in sought of better employment and
earning opportunities. This creates undue burden on the urban areas to provide ample job
opportunities to these migrants. Failure of this leads to formation of informal sector that
makes these people more vulnerable in the urban areas. A positive point of employment
generation programmes is that it generates ample employment opportunities in rural areas so
as to reduce rural-urban migration.
(iv) Creation of Durable Assets
The employment generation programmes aim at creation of durable assets like watershed
development works, water harvesting, irrigation facilities, canal building, construction of roads
connecting rural areas to urban areas and construction of dams. All these assets play an
important role in the social and economic development of the country.

4. (vi) Impart and Enhance Skills
Most of the employment generation programmes help in human capital formation by enhancing knowledge and
imparting skills to the unskilled labourers. Such skills increase the employment prospect of the unskilled labourers
in the industrial and the service sectors. This not only enhances income earning capacities of these people but also
alleviates poverty simultaneously.
(vii) Reduce underemployment and disguised unemployment
Indian agricultural sector is characterised by disguised unemployment. This implies that although a labourer is
engaged in agriculture but the total output won’t be affected even if the labourer is withdrawn. The role of
employment generation programmes in reducing disguised unemployment is very important. These programmes
engage these extra labourers in economically fruitful activities, thereby, reducing unnecessary burden on the
agricultural sector.

5. HOW ARE SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND POVERTY
ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
RELATED TO EACH OTHER?
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and poverty alleviation programs in India are
intricately linked in their objectives and implementation strategies. Here's how they are
related:
1. *Alignment of Goals*: The SDGs provide a global framework for addressing various
socio-economic and environmental challenges, including poverty. Goal 1 of the SDGs
specifically targets poverty eradication, emphasizing the need to end poverty in all its
forms everywhere. India's poverty alleviation programs are designed to align with this
goal, ensuring that efforts are directed towards lifting people out of poverty and
improving their quality of life.
2. *Comprehensive Approach*: Both the SDGs and poverty alleviation programs in India
adopt a holistic approach to development. They recognize that poverty is not just about
income levels but also encompasses access to education, healthcare, clean water,
sanitation, and other basic necessities. By addressing these interconnected issues, both
frameworks aim to create sustainable pathways out of poverty.
3. *Multi-sectoral Interventions*: Poverty alleviation programs in India often involve
multiple sectors such as education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure development.
Similarly, the SDGs encompass a wide range of areas, including education (Goal 4), health
(Goal 3), gender equality (Goal 5), clean water and sanitation (Goal 6), sustainable cities
and communities (Goal 11), and more. This multidimensional approach allows for
comprehensive interventions that tackle the root causes of poverty and promote

6. 4. *Policy Coherence*: India's poverty alleviation programs are increasingly
being designed and implemented in coherence with the SDGs. By aligning
national development priorities with the global goals, policymakers can
leverage resources more effectively, attract international support, and track
progress using the SDG indicators. This alignment ensures that efforts to
alleviate poverty are not undertaken in isolation but as part of a broader
global agenda for sustainable development.
5. *Partnerships and Collaboration*: Achieving the SDGs, including Goal 1 on
poverty eradication, requires collaboration and partnerships at all levels—
government, civil society, private sector, and international organizations.
Similarly, India's poverty alleviation programs often involve partnerships
between government agencies, NGOs, community organizations, and other
stakeholders. By leveraging collective expertise, resources, and networks,
these partnerships can enhance the impact and reach of poverty alleviation
efforts.
In summary, the Sustainable Development Goals provide a universal
framework that guides and complements India's efforts to alleviate poverty.
By aligning with the SDGs, India can adopt a more integrated and sustainable
approach to poverty reduction, addressing not only income disparities but
also broader development challenges to ensure a better future for all.

7. POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES
AND YOJNAS
.1. Integrated Rural Development Programme:
It was started in the year 1980-81 to create self-employment for poor people in rural areas. The main aim of IRDP was to decrease the levels of the families in
the below-poverty line category permanently by providing them revenue-generating resources and access to other inputs.
2. Jawahar Rozgar Yojana:
It was launched on April 1st, 1989, by an amalgamation of the National Rural Employment Program (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee
Programme (RLEGP) to create employment options and improve the quality of life for the unemployed and under-employed public in rural parts by generating
community and social assets and the rural economic infrastructure. The objective of the program was supplementary profitable employment for the
unemployed and underemployed people in the rural parts, to create constant employment by strengthening the rural financial structure and assets
supporting the poor people in the rural parts for their continuous benefits. In this Yojana, thirty percent of the employment options are held in reserve for
females in rural parts.
3. Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana:
The Jawahar Rozgar Yojana was again reformed as Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana on 1st April 1999. This scheme on 25th September 2001 was further
modified to the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana. The objective is to generate demand-driven community village infrastructure that would enable the poor
people in the rural parts to increase sustained employment opportunities and durable possessions at the village level. It also includes the creation of
additional employment options for the unemployed in the rural parts. Wage employment could be provided to below-poverty-line (BPL) families.
4. Employment Assurance Scheme:
It was launched on October 2nd, 1993. It covers drought-prone parts, desert parts, tribal parts, and hill region areas. This scheme during the year 1994-95 was
implemented across the nation’s 409 blocks and by April 1997 this scheme was extended to cover all the blocks. The primary objective of this scheme was to
generate supplementary wage employment options when there is an acute shortage in manual work during lean agricultural seasons for all able adult poor
persons of rural areas who are in need of work at that time, and the secondary objective of this scheme is to generate of financial infrastructure and
community assets for employment and growth for rural India.

8. 5. Food for Work Programme:
It was launched in the year 1977-78 by providing food grains as a substitute for wages. This was then restructured with changes implemented in 2001 for the most 150
backward districts of the country to create additional employment for the provisions of lives. The objective is to make available supplementary resources apart from the ones
available below the Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana to the 150 most backward districts of the nation. This program can lead to the creation of additional wage employment
opportunities and make available food safety through generating need-based societal, financial, and communal assets in these backward districts.
6. Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana:
It was launched in the year 2001 by merging the Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana and the Employment Assurance scheme by the Ministry of Rural Development. The main aim of
the scheme was to provide supplementary wage employment options, provide food safety and improved nutritional stages in all parts, generate durable community social and
monetary assets, and infrastructural expansion for the poor in rural areas.
7. Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awas Yojana:
Earlier referred to as Indira Awaas Yojana, the Pradhan Mantri Gramin Awaas Yojana was launched in the year 2015 is created to provide the construction of free houses for the
rural poor in India who are below the poverty line.
The objective is the advancement of affordable housing options through the credit-linked subsidy process, restoration of slum dwellers with the involvement of the private
sector using the land-dwelling as a resource, and reasonable housing in association with government and private subsidy
.
8. National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP):
It was launched on 15th August 1995 with the objective of secure social security and welfare program to provide support to widows, aged persons, disabled persons, and
bereaved those families on the death of the primary breadwinner, belonging to BPL households for the fulfillment of the Article 41 and Article 42 of Directive Principles of State
Policy which is mentioned in Part IV of the Constitution of India. It also had three components namely,
A. National Old Age Pension Scheme (NOAPS): It was launched in the year 1995 to provide pensions to the person who is “destitute” having little or no source of income or
monetary support. The main aim is to make available social safety for the eligible beneficiaries. In this, senior citizens 60 years or above receive a monthly pension and it a non-
contribution person, wherein the beneficiary does not have to contribute any amount to receive the pension.
B. National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS): It was launched in the year 1995 to support with a lumpsum amount to the household below the poverty line who then becomes the
head of the family after the death of the main wage earner. It provides a lump sum amount of Rs.10,000/- to the household and it is applicable in the age group of 18-64 years.
C. National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS): In the National Maternity Benefit Scheme, a financial grant is provided to women belonging to poor families for pre-natal and
post-natal care. It is for women aged 19 years and above up to the first two live births. It is a cash-based maternity assistance scheme.
9. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP):
REGP was started by the Government of India in order to create self-employment opportunities in the small town and rural areas. The Khadi and Village Industries Commission
implemented this programme. With this programme, an individual could get financial assistance to set up small industries in the form of bank loans.
LEARN MORE

9. THANK YOU