Economics can be summarized in three sentences:
Economics studies how individuals and societies make choices to allocate scarce resources for the satisfaction of unlimited wants. It is concerned with production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics can be studied at both the macro level of whole economies and the micro level of individual agents like consumers and businesses.
Microeconomics: Introduction and basic conceptsPie GS
1.1 Meaning and definition of microeconomics
1.2 Basic microeconomic issues: scarcity, efficiency and
alternative uses of resources
1.3 Differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics
1.4 Opportunity cost, normative economics and positive
economics
1.5 Importance of microeconomics in business decision making
1.6 Economic models: meaning and use of economic models
The activity of seeking wealth is as old as Human
Civilization. Human beings either as individuals or as groups
or as large kingdoms and empires have always been engaged
in acquiring and increasing the material wealth.
However, a discipline study of the wealth producing
activities was commenced about 230 years back when Adam
Smith, the father of Economics, published “The Nature and
Causes of Wealth of Nations”. Economics, as a discipline,
constitute the most important subject to analyze activities
related to wealth creation and distribution. The dimensions of
the subject of Economics are truly vast and encompasses all
aspects of our lives.
Scarcity, Choice, and Opportunity Cost Scarcity and Choice in a One-Person Economy Scarcity and Choice in an Economy of Two or More The Production Possibility Frontier Comparative Advantage and the Gains from Trade The Economic Problem Economic Systems Command Economies Laissez-Faire Economies: The Free Market Mixed Systems, Markets, and Governments
Economics comes from the Greek word oikonomia which means household chores. Economics is considered a field of social science. Economics is relevant because it is part of everybody’s life. As a science, Economics is related to other sciences.
Microeconomics: Introduction and basic conceptsPie GS
1.1 Meaning and definition of microeconomics
1.2 Basic microeconomic issues: scarcity, efficiency and
alternative uses of resources
1.3 Differences between microeconomics and macroeconomics
1.4 Opportunity cost, normative economics and positive
economics
1.5 Importance of microeconomics in business decision making
1.6 Economic models: meaning and use of economic models
The activity of seeking wealth is as old as Human
Civilization. Human beings either as individuals or as groups
or as large kingdoms and empires have always been engaged
in acquiring and increasing the material wealth.
However, a discipline study of the wealth producing
activities was commenced about 230 years back when Adam
Smith, the father of Economics, published “The Nature and
Causes of Wealth of Nations”. Economics, as a discipline,
constitute the most important subject to analyze activities
related to wealth creation and distribution. The dimensions of
the subject of Economics are truly vast and encompasses all
aspects of our lives.
Scarcity, Choice, and Opportunity Cost Scarcity and Choice in a One-Person Economy Scarcity and Choice in an Economy of Two or More The Production Possibility Frontier Comparative Advantage and the Gains from Trade The Economic Problem Economic Systems Command Economies Laissez-Faire Economies: The Free Market Mixed Systems, Markets, and Governments
Economics comes from the Greek word oikonomia which means household chores. Economics is considered a field of social science. Economics is relevant because it is part of everybody’s life. As a science, Economics is related to other sciences.
A couple of people at #claimagine asked me to share my slides from the hater's ball about QR codes because they didn't get a chance to take any notes.
For speaking engagements please contact PC Sweeney at http://pcsweeney.com/speaking-at-your-event/
Jenny Mitcham from the University of York and Chris Awre from the University of Hull share lessons learned from their project to explore the potential of the digital preservation solution Archivematica to help manage research data that academics within the University produce. The project 'Filling the Digital Preservation Gap' has been carried out with funding from Jisc as part of their Research Data Spring program and was a collaboration of the University of York and the University of Hull. The project did not only explore Archivematica as a possible solution but also how it could integrate with the repositories and other systems for the management of research data.
The Series is jointly sponsored by ANDS and CAUL.
basics of economics helps learners to understand the definition of economics, concepts of economics, division of economics and relationship of economics to other sciences.
Basic Concepts of Economics: Introduction to Economics , Basic Economic Problem, Circular Flow of
Economic Activity , Adam Smith and Invisible Hand. Nature of the firm - rationale, objective of maximizing
firm value as present value of all future profits, maximizing, satisficing, optimizing, principal agent problem,
Accounting Profit and Economic Profit , Role of profit in Market System
Demand Analysis and Forecasting: Determinants of Market Demand at Firm and Industry level –
Elasticity of Demand - Market Demand Equation – Use of Multiple Regression for estimating demand –
Case study on estimating industry demand (formulating equation and solving with the aid of software
expected)
Demand and Supply: Market Equilibrium – Pricing under perfect competition, monopolistic competition,
Case study on pricing under monopolistic competition , Oligopoly - product differentiation and price
discrimination; price- output decision in multi-plant and multi-product firms.
Cost Concepts: Cost Concept, Opportunity Cost, Marginal, Incremental and Sunk Costs, Cost Volume Profit
Analysis, Breakeven Point, Case Study on marginal costs. Risk Analysis and Decision Making: Concept of
risk, Expected value computation, Risk management through Insurance, diversification, Hedging, Decision
Tree Analysis, Case Study on Decision tree Technique.
Money and Capital Markets in India: Role and Functions of Money Markets, Composition of Money
Market, Money Market Instruments , Reserve Bank of India – Functions , Regulatory Role of RBI w.r.t.
Currency, Credit and Balance of Payment, Open Market Operations. Role and Functions of Capital Markets,
Composition of Capital market, Stock Exchanges in India, Role of SEBI, understanding of stock market
quotations in financial press expected.
Public Finance Infrastructure: Familiarity with important terms/agencies/approaches/practices related to
National Income (such as GDP, PPP, Growth Rate), Foreign Trade (such as GATT, WTO) Union budget
(such as Revenue Account, Capital Account, Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit, Plan and Non-plan expenditure)
is expected. Understanding of Summarize
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Economics ?
John Maynard Keynes , Father of Modern Economics
- suggests that the government should allocate a large amount of
money purposely for solving problems of depression
Adam Smith, Father of Economics,
- says that the main concerned of economics is mainly with the
satisfaction of human wants. It involves production, distribution and
consumption.
2. Economics was defined by
different authors
Bingham, et. al. economics as a social science concerned with using
scarce resources to obtain the maximum satisfaction of the unlimited
material wants of society.
Castillo defines economics as the science, which deals with the
activities of man in obtaining wealth for the satisfaction of his wants.
Guzman defines economics as a science that deals with the efficient
use of scarce resources in order to satisfy the needs and wants of the
people.
Sicat defines economics as a scientific study which deals with how
individuals and society generally make choices.
Smith defines economics as an inquiry about the nature and causes of
the wealth of nations.
3. Four Economic Resources –
otherwise known as means of
production
LAND
LABOR
CAPITAL
ENTREPRENEURAL
ABILITY
4. Two levels and divisions of economics
Macroeconomics – deals with huge aggregates like national output
employment, the money supply, bank deposits and government
spending and how we can deal with inflation and recession
- Is the study of the entire behavior of the economy and the factors
and forces which cause depression, inflation and recession. Example
of it is to study on how to determine the price of the products
produced in the country,
Microeconomics operates on the level of the individual business
firm as well as that of the individual consumer
- Is the study of economics which deals with the behavior and
activities of individuals in specific units such as entrepreneurs, firms,
manufacturers as well as consumers.
5. Economic as a Science
It is a Science because it is a body of systematic and
organized knowledge. Unlike any other sciences,
economics is concerned with the classification and logical
arrangement of economic phenomena. And because of
the economists, economists has been specializing
techniques in fact-finding, interpretation and analysis.
7. Fundamental Economic Problems
1.What are the goods and services to be
produced?
2. How are the goods and services to
be produced?
3. How much goods and services
are to be produced?
4. For whom are the goods and
services to be produced?
