Economics is concerned with how scarce resources are allocated to maximize consumer satisfaction, producer profit, and social welfare. Microeconomics deals with individual economic units like households and firms. It addresses the central problems of what and how to produce goods and services, as well as who receives the outputs. Production possibility curves illustrate the tradeoffs between different goods that can be produced based on available resources and technology. They take a concave shape because resources become less productive when reallocated between goods.
AS Economics Revision - Microeconomics (F581)Tom Simms
Revision for key topics for the OCR A Level/AS Level Economics module F581. May also be useful for other exam boards (WJEC/AQA). Covers basic issues relating to microeconomics.
covers all the essential basic concepts of Economics. Ideal for A Level and IB Economics students.
Topics covered scarcity, opportunity cost, factors of production, normative and positive economics
AS Economics Revision - Microeconomics (F581)Tom Simms
Revision for key topics for the OCR A Level/AS Level Economics module F581. May also be useful for other exam boards (WJEC/AQA). Covers basic issues relating to microeconomics.
covers all the essential basic concepts of Economics. Ideal for A Level and IB Economics students.
Topics covered scarcity, opportunity cost, factors of production, normative and positive economics
What Does Finance Bill 2016 (Pakistan) Propose 4 Textile Industry?Anthony Williams
Textile Industry in the biggest Industry in Pakistan. What does the recent Annual Budget 2016 have for the biggest textile, employing the most people and the longest supply chain in Pakistan.
Annual PRINT INDUSTRY REPORT gives the overall picture of advertising on Newspapers and Magazines for the period Jan-Dec’16. It covers top advertisers, categories and brands, newspapers, magazines and their % share in total advertising.
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this model and be able to use them to explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain and evaluate the differences in efficiency between perfect competition and monopoly
Explain and evaluate the potential costs and benefits of monopoly to both firms and consumers
Macro Economics
For downloading this contact- bikashkumar.bk100@gmail.com
Prepared by Students of University of Rajshahi
MD MAHFUZUL HAQUE
TAUFIQUAL ISLAM
MD Ashikur RahmanMOSAYEAB HOSSAIN
ANJUMAN ARA
Name : Abuhorayara Fahad
ID : 161003026
Dept. : B.Sc in Textile Engg.
Green University Of Bangladesh.
D, 220 Bijoy Sarani Begum Rokeya Sarani Link Road, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
Applied Economics
based on the book Applied Economics by R. P. Dinio, PhD
and G. A. Villasis
Learning Competencies Covered:
ABM_AE12-Ia-d1
ABM_AE12-Ia-d2
ABM_AE12-Ia-d3
Note: Just notice the technical error in my slide Economic System. The last column should be Market Economy.
Thanks for understanding.
UNIVERSITE - INDUSTRIE: POTENTIELS ET LIMITES DE DIVERS MODES D’INNOVATION Jean-Jacques Degroof
Presentation made at the launch of the Grenoble Innovac program aiming at stimulating innovation in the Grenoble region collaboratively among universities, government research centres, large and small companies.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. What is economics?What is economics?
Economics is a science of humanEconomics is a science of human
behaviour concerned with the allocation ofbehaviour concerned with the allocation of
scrace means in such manner thatscrace means in such manner that
consumer can maximise their satisfaction,consumer can maximise their satisfaction,
producers can maximise their profit, andproducers can maximise their profit, and
the society can maximise its socialthe society can maximise its social
welfare.welfare.
4. MICROECONOMICSMICROECONOMICS
Micro economic is that part of economicsMicro economic is that part of economics
which deals with the individual part ofwhich deals with the individual part of
economic system like individualeconomic system like individual
household,individual firms & industry.household,individual firms & industry.
In the study of microeconomics we have toIn the study of microeconomics we have to
face the central problem of an economy.face the central problem of an economy.
5. CENTRAL PROBLEM OF ANCENTRAL PROBLEM OF AN
ECONOMYECONOMY
There are mainly three central problem ofThere are mainly three central problem of
an economcs are as follows :an economcs are as follows :
- What to produce?- What to produce?
- How to produce?- How to produce?
- For whom to produce?- For whom to produce?
6. What to produce?What to produce?
For solution of this problem economic hasFor solution of this problem economic has
to decide about the production ofto decide about the production of
commodities to be produced in thecommodities to be produced in the
economy as per requirement.with thiseconomy as per requirement.with this
problem how much is to be produced isproblem how much is to be produced is
also linked.also linked.
7. GUIDING PRINCIPLEGUIDING PRINCIPLE
The guiding principle for what to produceThe guiding principle for what to produce
is production of maximum goods &is production of maximum goods &
services to satisfy the maximum wants ofservices to satisfy the maximum wants of
the people.the people.
8. How to produce?How to produce?
This problem Is related with theThis problem Is related with the
technology of production because atechnology of production because a
commodities can be produced with thecommodities can be produced with the
help of more than one method.help of more than one method.
For example : cloth can be produced withFor example : cloth can be produced with
the help of handalom & also with thethe help of handalom & also with the
textiles miles.textiles miles.
9. Technology can be classified underTechnology can be classified under
two headig :two headig :
Labour intensive technology :Labour intensive technology :
The technlogy in which the proportion ofThe technlogy in which the proportion of
labour is more than the proportion oflabour is more than the proportion of
capital.capital.
This technology is suitable for developingThis technology is suitable for developing
country like india,pakistan etc.country like india,pakistan etc.
10. Capital intensive technology :Capital intensive technology :
The technology in which the proportion ofThe technology in which the proportion of
capital is more than the proportion ofcapital is more than the proportion of
labour.labour.
This technology is helpful for developedThis technology is helpful for developed
country,like USA , Japan,Germany etc.country,like USA , Japan,Germany etc.
11. GUIDING PRINCIPLEGUIDING PRINCIPLE
The guiding principle for solving theThe guiding principle for solving the
problem of how to produce is adaption ofproblem of how to produce is adaption of
that technique in which there is least costthat technique in which there is least cost
to produce per unit of the commodity.to produce per unit of the commodity.
12. FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE?FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE?
This problem is basically the problem ofThis problem is basically the problem of
distribution of income.We know that factor inputsdistribution of income.We know that factor inputs
contributing in production of any commodities.Socontributing in production of any commodities.So
, the actual claim on this final output is of factor, the actual claim on this final output is of factor
inputs in the form of wage , rent , interest , profit.inputs in the form of wage , rent , interest , profit.
But , now a days every goverment is welfareBut , now a days every goverment is welfare
goverment. So government cares to fulfill urgentgoverment. So government cares to fulfill urgent
wants of the people living in the eeconomy.wants of the people living in the eeconomy.
13. GUDINING PRINCIPLEGUDINING PRINCIPLE
Guiding principle for solving the problemGuiding principle for solving the problem
‘FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE’ is to fulfill‘FOR WHOM TO PRODUCE’ is to fulfill
the urgent wants of factor inputs and restthe urgent wants of factor inputs and rest
person also the maximum possible extent.person also the maximum possible extent.
14. PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY FRONTIERPRODUCTION POSSIBILITY FRONTIER
OROR
PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVEPRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE
15. MEANINGMEANING ::
Production possibility curve whichProduction possibility curve which
indicates all combination of two goodsindicates all combination of two goods
produced by an economy with full andproduced by an economy with full and
efficient use of its given resources underefficient use of its given resources under
given technology.given technology.
16. The PPF :The PPF :
Let’s introduce the Production PossibilitiesLet’s introduce the Production Possibilities
FrontierFrontier
– better known as the PPFbetter known as the PPF
The PPF is a basic workhorse inThe PPF is a basic workhorse in
economics.economics.
Important for understanding some basicImportant for understanding some basic
issues in economics.issues in economics.
18. NOW THE QUESTION IS ARISE ,NOW THE QUESTION IS ARISE ,
WHY THE PPFWHY THE PPF CURVE ISCURVE IS
CONCAVE ?CONCAVE ?
Answer of this question is, the resourcesAnswer of this question is, the resources
implied in the production of a good isimplied in the production of a good is
specialised in the production of thatspecialised in the production of that
good ,so when it is transferred to producegood ,so when it is transferred to produce
an another good then it becomes lessan another good then it becomes less
productive.So it becomes a concaveproductive.So it becomes a concave
shape.shape.