The document summarizes the findings of a study on major industry clusters and economic drivers in Orange County, Florida. It identifies four key clusters: healthcare, floriculture/nursery, modeling/simulation/training, and tourism. The healthcare cluster contains over 40,000 jobs across three sub-clusters along Orange Avenue and Colonial Drive. The floriculture/nursery cluster in northwest Orange County contains around 2,500 jobs but may be threatened by suburbanization. The modeling/simulation/training cluster contains over 20,000 jobs in technical fields and appears to be the only true technology cluster.
On April 3, 2014, Amy Liu gave a presentation at NASBITE’s Annual Forum in Memphis, TN. The presentation outlines how, despite national progress with exports, the U.S. remains an under exporter; and cities and metro areas are at the vanguard of helping the economy become more productive, globally oriented and prosperous.
Columbus MSA employment was up 8,200 (0.8 percent) from March to June, ahead of Ohio’s increase of 0.4 percent and the U.S. increase of 0.6 percent, according to the Q2 economic update report produced by Columbus 2020. Going into the second half of the year, unemployment in the Columbus Region continued to decline at 4.6 percent, compared to June state and national rates of 5.5 and 6.1, respectively.
The document discusses global cities and their competitiveness. It identifies seven types of global cities based on their population, GDP, talent, traded sectors, innovation, infrastructure, industry characteristics, and economic characteristics. The first type discussed are "Global Giants," which are the largest global cities by population and GDP that play a dominant role in the global economy.
This benchmarking study, developed by the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program, provides the Greater Charlotte region with a framework and data to better understand its performance and position in the global economy, offering information and insights to help leaders more actively shape the region’s economic strategy.
The trade, transportation and utilities sector added the most jobs (2,200) in San Diego County in December 2016, contributing to a decrease in the unemployment rate. Overall, 28,900 jobs were added in 2016, a 2% annual increase. San Diego has a diverse economy led by government, professional services, healthcare, retail, and hospitality. Strong employment growth is fueling demand across commercial real estate sectors, including positive net absorption in the office, industrial, and retail markets with declining vacancy rates.
The quarterly economic indicators report for Northeast Ohio in Q4 2010 found signs of gradual economic improvement. Manufacturing employment increased by almost 10,000 jobs and services employment increased by 6,000 jobs compared to Q4 2009. The unemployment rate dropped nearly 1% to 9.3% and initial unemployment claims decreased from 7,100 to 5,600 between Q4 2009 and Q4 2010. Republican John Kasich was elected governor of Ohio and plans to establish JobsOhio, a new not-for-profit corporation, to direct economic development and job creation efforts in the state.
This document summarizes economic indicators and trends in Houston, Texas. It finds that while Houston added over 15,000 jobs in 2015, growth has slowed significantly since the dramatic fall in oil prices in late 2014. The energy sector, particularly upstream exploration and production, has been hardest hit, though other industries like healthcare and trade have provided job gains. Population growth remains strong at over 2.5% annually. Despite challenges from low oil prices, Houston's diverse economy, large port and medical sector position it for continued importance.
On April 3, 2014, Amy Liu gave a presentation at NASBITE’s Annual Forum in Memphis, TN. The presentation outlines how, despite national progress with exports, the U.S. remains an under exporter; and cities and metro areas are at the vanguard of helping the economy become more productive, globally oriented and prosperous.
Columbus MSA employment was up 8,200 (0.8 percent) from March to June, ahead of Ohio’s increase of 0.4 percent and the U.S. increase of 0.6 percent, according to the Q2 economic update report produced by Columbus 2020. Going into the second half of the year, unemployment in the Columbus Region continued to decline at 4.6 percent, compared to June state and national rates of 5.5 and 6.1, respectively.
The document discusses global cities and their competitiveness. It identifies seven types of global cities based on their population, GDP, talent, traded sectors, innovation, infrastructure, industry characteristics, and economic characteristics. The first type discussed are "Global Giants," which are the largest global cities by population and GDP that play a dominant role in the global economy.
This benchmarking study, developed by the Brookings Metropolitan Policy Program, provides the Greater Charlotte region with a framework and data to better understand its performance and position in the global economy, offering information and insights to help leaders more actively shape the region’s economic strategy.
The trade, transportation and utilities sector added the most jobs (2,200) in San Diego County in December 2016, contributing to a decrease in the unemployment rate. Overall, 28,900 jobs were added in 2016, a 2% annual increase. San Diego has a diverse economy led by government, professional services, healthcare, retail, and hospitality. Strong employment growth is fueling demand across commercial real estate sectors, including positive net absorption in the office, industrial, and retail markets with declining vacancy rates.
The quarterly economic indicators report for Northeast Ohio in Q4 2010 found signs of gradual economic improvement. Manufacturing employment increased by almost 10,000 jobs and services employment increased by 6,000 jobs compared to Q4 2009. The unemployment rate dropped nearly 1% to 9.3% and initial unemployment claims decreased from 7,100 to 5,600 between Q4 2009 and Q4 2010. Republican John Kasich was elected governor of Ohio and plans to establish JobsOhio, a new not-for-profit corporation, to direct economic development and job creation efforts in the state.
This document summarizes economic indicators and trends in Houston, Texas. It finds that while Houston added over 15,000 jobs in 2015, growth has slowed significantly since the dramatic fall in oil prices in late 2014. The energy sector, particularly upstream exploration and production, has been hardest hit, though other industries like healthcare and trade have provided job gains. Population growth remains strong at over 2.5% annually. Despite challenges from low oil prices, Houston's diverse economy, large port and medical sector position it for continued importance.
South America was hit by recession in 2008 with exports, investments, and GDP decreasing, though it was expected to recover faster than developed nations. Brazil has a large population and economy, though it faces issues like inequality, corruption, and poverty. Apple opened its first two stores in Sao Paulo in 2008 and has expanded store-within-a-store concepts, targeting the growing mobile phone and internet markets in Brazil. However, it faces risks from upcoming presidential elections in 2010 and issues surrounding corruption, government spending, and inequality.
This document summarizes a research article that estimates the impact of increased import competition from China on US employment between 1999-2011. The authors find:
1) Direct exposure to Chinese imports reduced US manufacturing employment by 560,000 jobs.
2) Accounting for supply chain linkages, the total estimated job losses in manufacturing were 985,000, and total losses across the economy were 1.98 million jobs.
3) Examining local labor markets, the authors found no evidence that job losses were offset by reallocation of workers to other industries. They estimate total employment losses across the economy due to Chinese import growth during this period were 2.4 million jobs.
Key Market and Economic Indicators for Canada and United States - September 2016paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at both industry metrics as well as economic trends related to Canada and United States.
The presentation will provide information on the economy as part of companies looking for growth options within their business segments.
development in world economy in past 30yearsElvin Hasanov
The document discusses developments in the world economy over the past 30 years. It highlights two key dynamics that have helped economic growth: 1) development of human capital and institutions, and 2) structural economic transformation through industrialization and new industries. Globalization and trade integration increased dramatically over this period, supported by advances in technology, transportation, and communication. Many developing countries experienced rapid economic growth and rising incomes. Countries like China, India, and others in East Asia helped drive global economic performance through industrialization and integration into global supply chains.
Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities in a Time of Cr...CEPAL, Naciones Unidas
Presentación de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL, Alicia Bárcena, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, 11 de septiembre de 2009.
- Three-quarters of the fastest growing metro economies in 2012 were in developing Asia, Latin America, and Africa/Middle East, while almost 90% of the slowest growing metro economies were in Western Europe and North America.
- Over half of metro areas outperformed their countries on employment growth in 2012 but only 40% achieved faster GDP per capita growth. Fifty-six metro areas were pockets of growth with both indicators expanding faster than national averages.
- Almost three-quarters of the 300 metro areas had higher employment and/or GDP per capita in 2012 than in 2007, with most developing metro areas avoiding recession or fully recovering, while only five North American metro areas managed a full recovery.
This document analyzes demand-side linkages between the formal and informal sectors in six West African capitals using household expenditure data. It finds:
1) Households purchase both formal and informal goods and use both formal and informal distribution channels, indicating overlapping customer bases between the sectors.
2) Demand for informal goods and distribution channels tends to decrease with rising income, while demand for formal goods and channels increases, suggesting the informal sector faces constraints from the demand side.
3) Estimated demand elasticities further show rising incomes are associated with lower consumption of informal goods and use of informal distribution channels.
THE FUNCTION OF THE URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR IN EMPLOYMENTDr Lendy Spires
The document analyzes the function of Colombia's informal sector in employment from 1984 to 2000. It summarizes four approaches to conceptualizing the informal sector and describes Colombia's economic conditions over three phases: 1984-1990 saw moderate growth; 1991-1995 included reforms and continued growth; 1996-2000 was a period of economic crisis. The document examines the composition and role of informal sector sub-sectors in the urban labor market, identifying salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and subsistence workers. It argues each sub-sector responds differently to economic conditions.
The document discusses sector employment changes in more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs) over the last 100 years. It notes that the primary sector has increased in MDCs while decreasing slightly in LDCs, and the tertiary sector has increased in both MDCs and LDCs. The document also contains multiple choice questions and explanations about economic development models, indicators, and organizations.
The document discusses the state of Houston's economy in June 2010. It notes that Houston added jobs for the third consecutive month in April 2010, reducing net job losses. Several sectors saw employment growth, including health care, administrative services, arts and entertainment. Home sales increased due to a federal tax credit and low mortgage rates. While the rig count and international air traffic increased, domestic flights and oil prices declined slightly. Overall, the document indicates that Houston's economy was continuing to recover from the recession in early 2010.
Seattle Tacoma Demographic and Economic Snapshotjeffpinkerton
The document provides an economic and demographic overview of the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area. Some key points:
- The population of the Seattle metro area is over 3.5 million, making it the 15th largest in the US. King County has the largest population at over 2 million.
- The region has experienced rapid population growth over the past 50 years, outpacing national growth rates.
- The metro area has a racially diverse population, with about one-third non-white. It has one of the largest Asian populations in the US at 12% of the total.
- The median household income in the Seattle metro is $64,085, higher than the national median. Higher incomes
Presentation by Bruce Katz, Vice President of the Brookings Institution and Director of the Metropolitan Policy Program.
Global Cities Initiative forum in Houston, TX on May 15, 2013.
The Global Cities Initiative is a Joint Project of Brookings and JPMorgan Chase.
For more information: http://www.brookings.edu/projects/global-cities.aspx
The document provides an economic forecast for Houston, Texas in 2009. It predicts that the Houston metropolitan area will lose 45,700 jobs, or 1.7% of its total employment, from December 2008 to December 2009. It expects job losses across many industries as national economic growth remains negative, oil prices decline sharply, and a tight credit market continues to impact the economy. However, the forecast also notes that Houston should still perform better than the national economy and avoid losses on the scale seen in previous severe recessions.
Lurking in the Cities: Urbanization and the Informal Economy Dr Lendy Spires
This study investigates the empirical relationship between the level of urbanization and size of the informal economy using cross-country datasets proxying GDP and employment shares of urban informal sector. Our estimation results indicate that there is an inverted-U relationship between informality and the level of urbanization. That is, the share of the informal sector grows in the early phases of urbanization due to several pull and push factors; however, it tends to fall in the latter phases. We also show that factors like level of taxes, trade openness, and institutional quality tend to a efect the size of the informal economy....
Urbanization is a process, which is often observed as a frequent consequence of economic development. New industries in urban areas create new job opportunities, stimulating the shift of labor from rural to urban areas. Nevertheless, the growth in formal sector employment might not keep pace with the growing population of new urban dwellers. Still migration towards urban sector continues. As a result, many of the new dwellers end up in informal urban activities. Informal sector or economy, sometimes also titled shadow, hidden, black, parallel, second or underground economy (or sector)...
The shift from the rural to the urban informal sector can be explained by several pull and push factors. In many cases, the urban informal sector oers better opportunities than the rural sector. Earnings can be higher in urban informal employment than in rural occu-pations and urban areas tend to oer better public services due to an urban bias in policies (Lipton, 1976). Even in the cases in which conditions between two sectors are similar, many individuals prefer the urban informal sector with the expectation of finding a job opportunity in the formal sector in the future (Banerjee, 1983).
The technical changes that industrialization brings to urban industry are joined by tech-nical improvements in the rural sector. However, the technical change might be unbalanced and reduce the incomes of small scale producers (Boyce, 1993). It also can damage the non-agricultural activities in the rural sector (Hymer and Resnick, 1969). In addition, in many cases the technical changes in the rural sector are labor-saving (de Janvry, 1981; Boyce, 1993) and pull down the demand for agricultural labor. These processes can lower the incomes of many rural dwellers and push them to the urban informal sector. The pull and push factors that foster the growth of urban informal activities can be greater than any counteracting factors during the early phases of development that involves urbanization stimulated by early industrialization.
The rate of increase in Columbus Region employment in the second quarter was more than double the Ohio and U.S. levels. Click for more news from the Columbus Region's second quarter of 2013.
The document provides an economic update for the Columbus region in the first quarter of 2014. It summarizes employment, industry, and economic data. Key points include:
- Regional employment increased by 1,800 jobs compared to increases of 0.3% for Ohio and 0.4% for the US.
- The unemployment rate declined from 5.8% to 4.9%, lower than state and national rates.
- Above average growth occurred in healthcare, leisure and government jobs.
- The Bureau of Labor Statistics revised 2013 regional employment upward by 17,100 jobs (1.8%).
Carts and Tools Willamette Angel Conference 2014Brad Attig
This document describes Carts and Tools Technology, a company that develops precision cultivation tools for small-scale organic farmers. It summarizes the growing market for local, organic food and the need for professional quality tools scaled for small farms. Carts and Tools has developed its first two electric tools, Tillie and Solus, to help farmers hill, furrow, and mulch soil more easily. After an initial successful product run, the company is focusing on marketing through its website, social media, and partnerships to continue reaching small farmers.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research including the creation of logic theories, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. Recent advances in deep learning have led to AI systems that can perform complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing.
The document discusses an introduction to research resources and data sources, including types of data, examples of data sources, and considerations for using different data. It also covers project management topics like defining project goals and scope, developing a schedule and products, and maintaining projects over their lifecycle. The workshop aims to provide planning staff with resources and skills for effective research and use of data in their work.
This document summarizes agricultural production and food systems in Orange County, Florida. It finds that while agriculture contributes $269.9 million annually, farms are small and scattered. The top crops are nursery, citrus, beef, and other animals. There is some urban agriculture but most farmland is planned for development. The county has 47 food manufacturers and 122 distributors, though connections between production, processing and distribution are limited. The document recommends adding food-related uses and districts to zoning codes to better connect residents to local food.
This document provides an overview of cohousing communities. It describes how cohousing combines private dwellings with extensive shared community spaces and facilities. Residents are involved in designing and managing their community. Key characteristics include participatory processes, pedestrian-oriented neighborhood design with common spaces, and a large common house used for meals and activities. Financing can be challenging given the time needed for resident participation. Emerging models involve developers assisting with land acquisition and construction while still allowing for community input.
South America was hit by recession in 2008 with exports, investments, and GDP decreasing, though it was expected to recover faster than developed nations. Brazil has a large population and economy, though it faces issues like inequality, corruption, and poverty. Apple opened its first two stores in Sao Paulo in 2008 and has expanded store-within-a-store concepts, targeting the growing mobile phone and internet markets in Brazil. However, it faces risks from upcoming presidential elections in 2010 and issues surrounding corruption, government spending, and inequality.
This document summarizes a research article that estimates the impact of increased import competition from China on US employment between 1999-2011. The authors find:
1) Direct exposure to Chinese imports reduced US manufacturing employment by 560,000 jobs.
2) Accounting for supply chain linkages, the total estimated job losses in manufacturing were 985,000, and total losses across the economy were 1.98 million jobs.
3) Examining local labor markets, the authors found no evidence that job losses were offset by reallocation of workers to other industries. They estimate total employment losses across the economy due to Chinese import growth during this period were 2.4 million jobs.
Key Market and Economic Indicators for Canada and United States - September 2016paul young cpa, cga
This presentation will look at both industry metrics as well as economic trends related to Canada and United States.
The presentation will provide information on the economy as part of companies looking for growth options within their business segments.
development in world economy in past 30yearsElvin Hasanov
The document discusses developments in the world economy over the past 30 years. It highlights two key dynamics that have helped economic growth: 1) development of human capital and institutions, and 2) structural economic transformation through industrialization and new industries. Globalization and trade integration increased dramatically over this period, supported by advances in technology, transportation, and communication. Many developing countries experienced rapid economic growth and rising incomes. Countries like China, India, and others in East Asia helped drive global economic performance through industrialization and integration into global supply chains.
Latin America and the Caribbean: Challenges and Opportunities in a Time of Cr...CEPAL, Naciones Unidas
Presentación de la Secretaria Ejecutiva de la CEPAL, Alicia Bárcena, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, 11 de septiembre de 2009.
- Three-quarters of the fastest growing metro economies in 2012 were in developing Asia, Latin America, and Africa/Middle East, while almost 90% of the slowest growing metro economies were in Western Europe and North America.
- Over half of metro areas outperformed their countries on employment growth in 2012 but only 40% achieved faster GDP per capita growth. Fifty-six metro areas were pockets of growth with both indicators expanding faster than national averages.
- Almost three-quarters of the 300 metro areas had higher employment and/or GDP per capita in 2012 than in 2007, with most developing metro areas avoiding recession or fully recovering, while only five North American metro areas managed a full recovery.
This document analyzes demand-side linkages between the formal and informal sectors in six West African capitals using household expenditure data. It finds:
1) Households purchase both formal and informal goods and use both formal and informal distribution channels, indicating overlapping customer bases between the sectors.
2) Demand for informal goods and distribution channels tends to decrease with rising income, while demand for formal goods and channels increases, suggesting the informal sector faces constraints from the demand side.
3) Estimated demand elasticities further show rising incomes are associated with lower consumption of informal goods and use of informal distribution channels.
THE FUNCTION OF THE URBAN INFORMAL SECTOR IN EMPLOYMENTDr Lendy Spires
The document analyzes the function of Colombia's informal sector in employment from 1984 to 2000. It summarizes four approaches to conceptualizing the informal sector and describes Colombia's economic conditions over three phases: 1984-1990 saw moderate growth; 1991-1995 included reforms and continued growth; 1996-2000 was a period of economic crisis. The document examines the composition and role of informal sector sub-sectors in the urban labor market, identifying salaried workers, entrepreneurs, and subsistence workers. It argues each sub-sector responds differently to economic conditions.
The document discusses sector employment changes in more developed countries (MDCs) and less developed countries (LDCs) over the last 100 years. It notes that the primary sector has increased in MDCs while decreasing slightly in LDCs, and the tertiary sector has increased in both MDCs and LDCs. The document also contains multiple choice questions and explanations about economic development models, indicators, and organizations.
The document discusses the state of Houston's economy in June 2010. It notes that Houston added jobs for the third consecutive month in April 2010, reducing net job losses. Several sectors saw employment growth, including health care, administrative services, arts and entertainment. Home sales increased due to a federal tax credit and low mortgage rates. While the rig count and international air traffic increased, domestic flights and oil prices declined slightly. Overall, the document indicates that Houston's economy was continuing to recover from the recession in early 2010.
Seattle Tacoma Demographic and Economic Snapshotjeffpinkerton
The document provides an economic and demographic overview of the Seattle-Tacoma metropolitan area. Some key points:
- The population of the Seattle metro area is over 3.5 million, making it the 15th largest in the US. King County has the largest population at over 2 million.
- The region has experienced rapid population growth over the past 50 years, outpacing national growth rates.
- The metro area has a racially diverse population, with about one-third non-white. It has one of the largest Asian populations in the US at 12% of the total.
- The median household income in the Seattle metro is $64,085, higher than the national median. Higher incomes
Presentation by Bruce Katz, Vice President of the Brookings Institution and Director of the Metropolitan Policy Program.
Global Cities Initiative forum in Houston, TX on May 15, 2013.
The Global Cities Initiative is a Joint Project of Brookings and JPMorgan Chase.
For more information: http://www.brookings.edu/projects/global-cities.aspx
The document provides an economic forecast for Houston, Texas in 2009. It predicts that the Houston metropolitan area will lose 45,700 jobs, or 1.7% of its total employment, from December 2008 to December 2009. It expects job losses across many industries as national economic growth remains negative, oil prices decline sharply, and a tight credit market continues to impact the economy. However, the forecast also notes that Houston should still perform better than the national economy and avoid losses on the scale seen in previous severe recessions.
Lurking in the Cities: Urbanization and the Informal Economy Dr Lendy Spires
This study investigates the empirical relationship between the level of urbanization and size of the informal economy using cross-country datasets proxying GDP and employment shares of urban informal sector. Our estimation results indicate that there is an inverted-U relationship between informality and the level of urbanization. That is, the share of the informal sector grows in the early phases of urbanization due to several pull and push factors; however, it tends to fall in the latter phases. We also show that factors like level of taxes, trade openness, and institutional quality tend to a efect the size of the informal economy....
Urbanization is a process, which is often observed as a frequent consequence of economic development. New industries in urban areas create new job opportunities, stimulating the shift of labor from rural to urban areas. Nevertheless, the growth in formal sector employment might not keep pace with the growing population of new urban dwellers. Still migration towards urban sector continues. As a result, many of the new dwellers end up in informal urban activities. Informal sector or economy, sometimes also titled shadow, hidden, black, parallel, second or underground economy (or sector)...
The shift from the rural to the urban informal sector can be explained by several pull and push factors. In many cases, the urban informal sector oers better opportunities than the rural sector. Earnings can be higher in urban informal employment than in rural occu-pations and urban areas tend to oer better public services due to an urban bias in policies (Lipton, 1976). Even in the cases in which conditions between two sectors are similar, many individuals prefer the urban informal sector with the expectation of finding a job opportunity in the formal sector in the future (Banerjee, 1983).
The technical changes that industrialization brings to urban industry are joined by tech-nical improvements in the rural sector. However, the technical change might be unbalanced and reduce the incomes of small scale producers (Boyce, 1993). It also can damage the non-agricultural activities in the rural sector (Hymer and Resnick, 1969). In addition, in many cases the technical changes in the rural sector are labor-saving (de Janvry, 1981; Boyce, 1993) and pull down the demand for agricultural labor. These processes can lower the incomes of many rural dwellers and push them to the urban informal sector. The pull and push factors that foster the growth of urban informal activities can be greater than any counteracting factors during the early phases of development that involves urbanization stimulated by early industrialization.
The rate of increase in Columbus Region employment in the second quarter was more than double the Ohio and U.S. levels. Click for more news from the Columbus Region's second quarter of 2013.
The document provides an economic update for the Columbus region in the first quarter of 2014. It summarizes employment, industry, and economic data. Key points include:
- Regional employment increased by 1,800 jobs compared to increases of 0.3% for Ohio and 0.4% for the US.
- The unemployment rate declined from 5.8% to 4.9%, lower than state and national rates.
- Above average growth occurred in healthcare, leisure and government jobs.
- The Bureau of Labor Statistics revised 2013 regional employment upward by 17,100 jobs (1.8%).
Carts and Tools Willamette Angel Conference 2014Brad Attig
This document describes Carts and Tools Technology, a company that develops precision cultivation tools for small-scale organic farmers. It summarizes the growing market for local, organic food and the need for professional quality tools scaled for small farms. Carts and Tools has developed its first two electric tools, Tillie and Solus, to help farmers hill, furrow, and mulch soil more easily. After an initial successful product run, the company is focusing on marketing through its website, social media, and partnerships to continue reaching small farmers.
The document discusses the history and development of artificial intelligence over the past 70 years. It outlines some of the key milestones in AI research including the creation of logic theories, machine learning algorithms, and neural networks. Recent advances in deep learning have led to AI systems that can perform complex tasks like image recognition and natural language processing.
The document discusses an introduction to research resources and data sources, including types of data, examples of data sources, and considerations for using different data. It also covers project management topics like defining project goals and scope, developing a schedule and products, and maintaining projects over their lifecycle. The workshop aims to provide planning staff with resources and skills for effective research and use of data in their work.
This document summarizes agricultural production and food systems in Orange County, Florida. It finds that while agriculture contributes $269.9 million annually, farms are small and scattered. The top crops are nursery, citrus, beef, and other animals. There is some urban agriculture but most farmland is planned for development. The county has 47 food manufacturers and 122 distributors, though connections between production, processing and distribution are limited. The document recommends adding food-related uses and districts to zoning codes to better connect residents to local food.
This document provides an overview of cohousing communities. It describes how cohousing combines private dwellings with extensive shared community spaces and facilities. Residents are involved in designing and managing their community. Key characteristics include participatory processes, pedestrian-oriented neighborhood design with common spaces, and a large common house used for meals and activities. Financing can be challenging given the time needed for resident participation. Emerging models involve developers assisting with land acquisition and construction while still allowing for community input.
This document analyzes the economic conditions in St. Louis County, Missouri. It discusses how St. Louis County emerged as the economic powerhouse of the St. Louis area in the 1980s, containing the largest labor force and number of jobs in the region. While the county experienced growth in the late 1990s, recessions in the early 2000s and 2009 took a toll on the economy. The document examines the county's economic composition using location quotients to identify basic industries, and calculates a base multiplier of 11.79 to understand job creation. A shift-share analysis is also utilized to investigate industry performance at the local level.
The New York City Financial Services Cluster - Research PaperLoucas Anagnostou
The document provides an overview of the New York City financial services cluster. It discusses how New York City became the global epicenter of financial services due to its early development of Wall Street in the 19th century. While the cluster faced challenges during the 2008 financial crisis, it remains the world's largest in the industry. The document recommends policies like relaxing corporate taxes and making office space more affordable to strengthen the competitiveness of the New York financial services cluster.
The document discusses economic trends in the United States. It notes that the US economy is divided into eight regions, and the finance, insurance and real estate industry and manufacturing industry make up 37% of GDP. Certain regions and states have experienced stronger growth than others in recent years, led by industries like mining, utilities and information. The largest states by GDP are California, Texas, New York, Florida and Illinois.
This report report from Brookings, with Rockefeller Foundation support, shows that building up a region’s advanced industries is one such possibility with enormous potential. These industries not only create good jobs within the industry, but also up and down their massive supply chains. These jobs provide higher wages and greater opportunity to low and middle-income workers adversely affected by the economic recession.
This document provides information on economic indicators and unemployment rates in two regions: the 495/MW region along I-495 and Route 9, and the Greater Franklin Region (GFR) composed of 9 communities. In the 495/MW region, employment, payroll, average wages, and number of establishments all increased from 2012 to 2013. Unemployment rates in the GFR communities continue to decline and are below state and national rates, with the exception of Blackstone. The document also discusses household characteristics in the Greater MetroWest (GMW) region and the composition of family and non-family households.
This report analyzes the size and growth of the clean economy in the United States and its metropolitan areas between 2003 and 2010. Some key findings include:
1) The clean economy encompasses around 2.7 million jobs across diverse industries like manufacturing, services, and public sector. While modest in size, it grew faster than the overall economy during the recession.
2) Newer cleantech segments like solar, wind, and smart grid grew rapidly but from a small base. The clean economy is concentrated in major metro areas, though it takes different forms across regions.
3) Strong industry clusters boost metro growth. Clustered clean economy establishments grew faster than isolated ones. The report recommends policies to scale up markets
This document provides an overview of the growing role of the services sector in global and Indian economies. It discusses how services now contribute over 50% of GDP in most developed countries and are a major driver of employment. The World Trade Organization aims to further liberalize trade in services through agreements like GATS and procurement reform to open up public services to private sector competition. India's services sector is also growing rapidly in areas like tourism, financial services, telecom, healthcare and IT.
Cultural aspects affecting Promotional strategies in International MarketsKaran Salla
This document discusses several cultural aspects that affect international marketing strategies. It provides examples of how McDonald's, Starbucks, and other multinational companies have adapted their products, packaging, and business practices to different cultural contexts. McDonald's offers localized menus in different countries to accommodate cultural preferences. Starbucks uses recycled materials in some packaging in response to cultural norms around sustainability. The document also discusses "grey markets" where authorized goods are exported to another country and sold at lower prices, undermining official distribution channels.
An examination of the ccp’s strategies to alleviate discontent after the grea...Luigi Caloi
Despite the fact that the impact of the 2008 recession was bigger on the coastal regions, the CP's stimulus package went primarily to the rural regions in China. On the other hand, our tests show that urban provinces in China are more unstable than their rural counterparts.
We provide a theoretical framework and empirical evidence to explain the geographic direction of the CP's stimulus package. In short, we show that the CP's goal was to minimize political instability, by crating an incentive scheme to further encourage the reverse-migration of the “temporary population” back to their Hukou-based jurisdictions.
Perry mistry prospecsv.org_1_cleantechmanufacturing-in-sanjosePurushottam M
The document discusses findings from a study of manufacturing in San Jose. It finds that while San Jose lost manufacturing jobs over the last decade, the rate of job loss was lower than California and the nation. Manufacturing productivity and output in San Jose increased strongly. The document outlines strategies to strengthen manufacturing, including promoting existing city programs, forging connections between manufacturers and emerging companies, and developing workforce training programs.
A new quarterly report by Ohio's welfare agency, the Ohio Dept. of Job and Family Services, details the massive impact shale drilling for oil and gas has had on jobs and the state's economy.
This document compares and analyzes the evolution of economic thought during the Great Depression and Great Recession. It discusses key events of each period like the stock market crashes, as well as government and economic policy responses. During the Great Depression, policies focused on ensuring employment through programs like the New Deal. During the Great Recession, policies addressed concerns about income inequality through stimulus packages and debates around minimum wage. The document also analyzes how economic models like the quantity theory of money influenced policy approaches during each period.
GHP: The Economy At A Glance (August 2010)Bob Lowery
1) Several studies estimated the economic impact of the deepwater drilling moratorium in the Gulf of Mexico. One study estimated Louisiana would lose over 8,000 jobs and $2.1 billion in economic output. Texas would lose over 2,400 jobs and $622 million in GDP.
2) Morgan Stanley analyzed three scenarios for how long the moratorium could last, ranging from 6 months to over 2 years before drilling resumes.
3) A study found offshore activity in the Gulf supports over 380,000 jobs and $69.8 billion in economic impact to the US economy. Restrictions could jeopardize contributions from independent energy firms.
The document profiles the Miami-Dade County economy. It describes the county's large population size and key industries like tourism, healthcare, and education. Tourism is a major driver, with attractions like South Beach bringing in millions of visitors annually. This supports the large food/service industry. The county is also a hub for transportation and international trade. While the recession caused employment declines, the economy has since recovered and grown, with sectors like healthcare and education increasing. Location quotients show industries like air transportation, real estate, and various retail sectors have high concentrations in the county compared to national averages.
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TCN Worldwide is a consortium of 1,500+ commercial real estate professionals providing services in over 200 markets worldwide. It manages approximately $38.8 billion in transactions and 80 million square feet of space annually. The US economy grew at a moderate 2.3-2.4% in 2017-2018 according to forecasts, with some fiscal stimulus in the short run under the new administration. Commercial real estate transaction volumes declined in the central US region in 2016, with office down 20.6%, industrial down 45.4%, and retail down 9.7% compared to the previous year.
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The Financial Recession that hit British economy recently resulted in severe unemployment and job loss across UK. The Recession did have many implications on the British labour market. This paper will have an insight into the implications of Recession on graduate labour market in UK. The data provided by the Association of Graduate Recruiters, Office for National Statistics and High Fliers Research Limited on graduate recruitment market in UK was used to carry out the study. The study will be based on the comparison of graduate recruitment market in the years 2009 and 2010. The comparison of graduate recruitment market will be based on the analysis of graduate labour market for the years 2009 and 2010. This paper will try predicting whether the year 2010 is a favourable year for graduates or not. It will also have an insight into the attitude of students towards recession and will provide necessary recommendations.
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The document discusses the CCP's strategies for alleviating discontent in China after the 2008 global financial crisis. It summarizes that China's export-oriented economy was heavily impacted by reduced global demand, leading to high unemployment. This threatened the CCP's legitimacy and risked political instability. The CCP used China's hukou system to encourage unemployed migrant workers to return to rural areas, and invested a $4 trillion stimulus package primarily in rural provinces rather than urban export hubs. The CCP calculated that maintaining political control of rural areas was a higher priority than reinvesting in economic growth during the crisis period. A theoretical framework is presented showing the CCP optimally allocating funds between economic performance and political control goals
The DC Development Report is a summary of the major development and construction projects in the District of Columbia. The Washington, DC Economic Partnership (WDCEP) began tracking development activity in 2001 with the hope of creating a comprehensive database that would answer a number of questions in regards to the construction activity in the city. The Report summarizes our entire database of projects, highlights major projects and what lies ahead for development in the District of Columbia.
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The document provides an economic development plan for the west side of Lake Helen, Florida. It defines the study area around an I-4 interchange and creates 3-mile and 5-mile market assessment areas. An analysis of existing conditions in the study area finds it includes 195 parcels totaling 471.57 acres, with the most common land uses being residential vacant land, commercial vacant land, residential single family, and store-office-single family residential. The plan will provide industry and use recommendations for the study area based on the existing conditions analysis and a market assessment of the surrounding region.
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Nursery and Floriculture Sector in Orange County Luis Nieves-Ruiz
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Economic Research Initative Issue #6 Findings and Conclusions
1. Issue 6
Summary of Major Project Findings and Conclusions
by Luis Nieves-Ruiz, AICP
Introduction
Last year, the Orange County Planning Division started the Economic Research Initiative series, a
thorough study of Orange County’s economic sectors. These publications were supplemented by a
series of Outlook articles that addressed different aspects of our economy, such as population
growth, retail vacancy, government intervention, and the construction industry. The premise behind
these publications was simple. To foster economic growth and prosperity, one needs to understand
the industries and sectors that comprise the local economic structure.
There have been several changes in the national and state economies since the publication of the
first issue of the Economic Outlook in May of last year, Most of these changes have not been
positive. Job losses started to slow down around May of last year. This indicates a stabilization of
the job market. However, while layoffs have declined, companies are still not hiring aggressively
(Harrington, 2010). Moreover, the measure of unemployed and underemployed workers reached
17.5 percent this year, the highest rate since 1982 (Leonhardt, 2009). Pay cuts or furloughs, the
result of downgrades in rank or shortened workweeks, have now become the preferred cost-cutting
method for companies to reduce labor costs. Indeed, the total weekly pay for production workers
index fell for 10 consecutive months before rising again in July of last year (Uchitelle, 2009).
Several events led to the current economic meltdown, but the decline of the real estate and
construction industries is probably the most significant factor. Most of the economic growth
between 2002 and 2006 was driven by large flows of capital coming from Wall Street and abroad.
Most of these funds were invested in the financing of real estate projects across the nation,
especially in the Sunbelt region of the country. These new developments catered mostly to the
baby boomer population that would be migrating from the northern states. The building boom of
commercial and residential developments, in turn, helped to fuel the rapid population growth that
occurred during these years. Many people would move to Florida to build the houses and stores
that would serve the next wave of people moving to the area. These newcomers would then
increase the demand for a variety of goods and services, and thus the cycle would continue. It
finally stopped when people realized that there was not any demand for most of these new projects.
The State of Florida has suffered some of the worst consequences of this economic situation. The
effects of the decline of construction and real estate “spilled over” to other sectors of the economy.
Now the state’s unemployment is expected to reach 12 percent before it starts to decline again.
Most residents can not afford to wait for the economic return, bringing population declines this year.
According to BEBR, the state of Florida lost 58,000 people in 2009. This was the first population
loss since the World Wars I and II periods. This sudden loss is a problem, because Florida’s
government is primarily funded through sales and property taxes, which are closely linked to
population growth. The state banned the use of a state income tax in 1924 (Cave, Damien 2009).
Some of these conditions were detailed in Outlook’s March issue. The 2008 preliminary population
numbers for the County showed an increase of just over 9,000 residents. This was unusual
because the county had been adding more than 20,000 residents annually since 2001. Then came
the 2009 population numbers, which showed a decrease of more than 6,000 residents. This
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
2. decrease in population growth has been steeper in unincorporated Orange County, as can be seen
on Exhibit 1.
Many of these people may have left because of the lack of jobs. According to the Bureau of
Economic Analysis, construction and real estate represented almost 33 percent of all economic
output in the Orlando area in 2006. Meanwhile, the national average at the time was closer to 20
percent (Cave, Damien, 200). Once these activities diminished, non-residential builders started to
see higher vacancy rates, and in turn, construction companies started to consolidate as a means to
survive.
Exhibit 1: Absolute Population Changes in Unincorporated Orange County 2000-09
Sources: BEBR Population Estimates 2001-2009, U.S. Census Bureau 2000
In times of economic turmoil, it is very important to understand what industries are key to the local
economy. The industries studied for this project had several common characteristics including high
location quotients, representing high levels of export activities, established local suppliers, and other
anchor industries. The methodology used for the study was simple. Once a sector was identified,
staff verified the agglomeration of similar industries using the InfoUSA database.
Mature agglomerations of industries within the same field are often referred to as “clusters”’. Clusters
are comprised of firms and related economic actors and institutions that draw competitive advantage
from their proximity and connections (Corthright, 2006). These agglomerations can include
companies that produce similar products, their suppliers, and related institutions such as research
organizations and universities.
They are a sign of economic specialization and hint at possible regional competitive advantages.
More important tough is that industries within mature clusters are also the ones driving local
economic growth. Therefore, economic diversification efforts should focus on building on or extending
the strengths of the local clusters. The cluster assessment methodology used in this project provides
a good framework for understanding how the local economy works and helps to define which
industries drive economic growth.
Major Project Findings
On each of the series articles, staff used the InfoUSA database to identify possible industry clusters
in Orange County. Through this research, staff found 11 agglomerations within the following
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
3. industries: Healthcare, Floriculture and Nursery, Modeling Simulation and Training, and Tourism. Exhibit
2 shows the general location of these agglomerations in Orange County. Altogether, these clusters are
responsible for over 75,000 jobs in Orange County. All of these industries have their own challenges for
growth that need to be overcome. A complete list of the industries that comprise these clusters can be
found at the end of the article.
Exhibit 2: Employment Agglomerations by Industry Sector in Orange County
Source: InfoUSA, 2009
The Health Care agglomeration is comprised of Hospitals and Ambulatory Health Services, Medical
High Tech, and Medical Wholesale. Even though medical services are spread through the County, staff
found three agglomerations. Two of them were found along Orange Avenue. The North Orange
agglomeration employs over 18,000 people and the South Orange one employs over 22,000. These two
agglomerations would benefit from the arrival of commuter rail, because each of them would have its
own station. The two hospitals in the area have already announced redevelopment projects in the area,
which should solidify the status of the two corridors. A third corridor is found in the City of Ocoee along
Colonial Drive, This agglomeration employs about 3,000 people. As a sector, healthcare is expected to
continue to grow, because of the demands of the aging population. It remains to be seen how the
developments at Lake Nona would enhance Orange County’s health care sector, and whether they
would have any potential effects on the current corridors. Thus far, it seems that the health care sector
has not developed a mature cluster because its establishments mainly serve the local population.
Since the 1880s, Northwest Orange County has been noted for its concentration of nurseries and green
houses. These business produce a variety of flowers and ferns sold across the United States. The
Nursery and Floriculture cluster is comprised of plant growers and supporting industries, such as
fertilizer manufacturers, landscape services, and bio technology firms. The cluster also includes an
office of the University of Florida’s Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. The high location
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
4. quotients in some of these industries suggest that there is a lot of export activity in this sector.
Furthermore, the concentration of these industries in one part of the County implies that there is a
strong connection between these industries. Overall, the sector is responsible for about 2,500 jobs.
Suburbanization trends within the City of Apopka are of concern to the future viability of this cluster in
Orange County.
Several high technology service industries have location quotients that are greater than 1, including
Commercial and Service Industry Machinery, Data Processing and Hosting, Architectural and
Engineering Services, Telecommunications, and Scientific and Research Development Services.
Together, these industries employ about 20,000. Of these sectors, Orange County is recognized as a
national leader only in the Commercial and Service Industry Machinery, which includes photonics.
However, the only technology sector that shows signs of clustering is the Modeling, Simulation &
Training (MS&T) industry. MS&T is comprised of a variety of industries, including Computer and
Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing, Computer and Software Stores, Human Resource Consulting,
Management Training, among others. While many identify Central Florida Research Park as the only
cluster of MS&T activity in Orange County, staff found three other areas of interest. A second cluster is
located near the Aloma-University area around Winter Park. It has 17 companies and about 500
employees. Two additional smaller concentrations (5 businesses each) can be found in the City of
Orlando and West Sand Lake Road. Together, they employ 259 people. The continued increased in
federal funding for defense companies solidifies the standing of the MS&T clusters in Orange County.
Exhibit 3: Orange County Convention Center
Source: ernierosa, 2008
Tourism is the most important industry in Orange County, and industries within this sector have the
county’s highest location quotients. The core industries within this sector are Amusement & Theme
Parks, Hotels and Motels, and All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries. The economic benefits
of these industries go far and include over 15 supporting industries. Staff identified three clusters of
activity that had highest concentration of core and supporting industries. The first cluster follows
International Drive from the City of Orlando to Lake Buena Vista. This cluster employs over 12,000
people in core and supporting industries. The second cluster is on State Road 535 near the Downtown
Disney entrance. Just over 11,500 individuals are employed by tourism related establishments in this
area. The final cluster is in South Orange Blossom Trail. This area has the highest concentration of
tourism support industries, such as convention trade organizers, tour operators, promoters, and
transportation providers. This area benefits from its easy access to the Orange County Convention
Center, a big generator of tourism activity (Exhibit 3).
The biggest challenge to the tourism industry is the local recession, which has decreased the number
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
5. of leisure and business visitors. A second challenge is that the Central Florida region can be perceived
as a mature market, which has implications for the growth in number of visitors each year. The recent
passage of Travel Promotion Act will hopefully help to increase the number of international visitors to
the area. The private sector would also need to continue to enhance local offerings by refurbishing the
current properties and adding more attractions.
Community Indicators
One of the premises discussed in first issue of the Economic Research Initiative was the need for
community indicators that reflect the local economy. Three indicators used locally to measure quarterly
economic activity are the gas tax, building permits, and the Tourism Development Tax. Now that
construction has decreased significantly and most sales activity is based on foreclosures and short
sales, it becomes important to verify the utility of some of these indicators. While the gas tax still
remains a good indicator, construction has gone down dramatically, and is not expected to come back
to previous levels within the next couple years. Therefore, there is a need to find new indicators that
can take its place.
Any new indicators of economic activity need to be based on the current basic industries and the
County’s main industry clusters: nursery and floriculture, simulation, and tourism. Exhibit 4 lists some
possible indicators by cluster.
Exhibit 4: List of Possible Indicators by Economic Cluster
Cluster New Indicators
Nursery and Floriculture Plant Exports
Fertilizer Sales
Fertilizer Production
Modeling Simulation & Training Amount of Federal Contracts Signed
New Employment
Companies Attracted
Airport Visitor Arrivals
Transportation Company Receipts
Tourism
Number of Conventions/Attendees
Hotel Occupancy/Number of Nights
Staff recognizes that some of the information described here may not be as easily found as the
previous indicators and that some currently are in use by their respective industries. However, they
could help to complement the current indicators and provide a better perspective on the economy.
Conclusions
The purpose of the Economic Research Initiative was to study the local economic structure and find
areas of economic specialization. Based on staff’s research, there has not been such a study done at
the local level in the County’s recent history. What we found was that some of the sectors that are
currently promoted at the state level do not have an established economic position in Orange County.
Meanwhile, other areas of economic importance are currently less of a focus. To foster long-term
prosperity, economic research and policy must highlight and enhance the contributions of these
important clusters. This is especially relevant in an economic climate were economic incentives are
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
6. becoming scarce.
The location quotient methodology used for this project is not beyond critique. This method assumes
that the demand for services is constant across the region and that firms within a sector produce
identical products. Moreover, the base area used for comparison and the level of specificity used to
describe the industries can certainly have an effect on the location quotient outcome. Finally, as
mentioned on the third issue, the NAICS classification system does not aggregate some cutting edge
technology sectors.
Exhibit 5: Aloma-University High Tech Agglomeration
Source: InfoUSA, 2009
Because of these reasons, staff used the business establishment database to support the location
quotient data. Each sector was carefully studied at the six-digit NAICS level to provide more
specificity, and establishments that did not fit the profile of the industry were purged from the list. To
measure the County’s competitiveness more effectively, the United States was used as the base
region. These measures should bring confidence to the assumptions and arguments made through
the series.
To conclude, the findings of this project should be seen not as the end, but more as the start of a new
discussion of the local economy. While some of the sectors studied had the highest location quotients,
there are several others with relatively high location quotients that need to be further studied. Other
studies could look at the individual clusters and identify the location factors that led some industries to
choose that location within Orange County. This is very important for technology clusters, such as the
Aloma-University corridor (Exhibit 5). A future study could examine more in depth the actual
relationships between these companies. Finally, and perhaps the most important, one needs to find
ways to foster these clusters so they can continue to grow and benefit Orange County’s economy, its
citizens, and its communities.
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
7. Appendix
Cluster Sectors
Ambulatory Health Services (NAICS 621)
Hospitals (NAICS 622)
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing (NAICS 3254),
Electromedical Apparatus Manufacturing (NAICS 3345),
Health Care Medical Equipment Supplies (NAICS 3391),
Scientific Research and Development Services (NAICS 54171)
Medical Supplies (NAICS 42345),
Ophthalmic Goods (NAICS 42346)
Other Professional Equipment (NAICS 43349)
Nursery & Tree Production (NAICS 1114)
Nursery & Florist Merchant Wholesale (NAICS 4249)
Nursery Garden & Farm Supply Stores (NAICS 4442)
Fertilizer Manufacturing (NAICS 3253)
Nursery Farm & Garden Equip Merchant Wholesale (NAICS 4238)
and
Other Chemical Merchant Wholesale (NAICS 4246)
Floriculture
Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesale (NAICS 4249)
Nursery Garden & Farm Supply Stores (NAICS 4442)
Florists (NAICS 4531)
Research & Development in Biotechnology (NAICS 5417)
Landscaping Services (NAICS 5617)
All Other Support Services (NAICS 5619)
Amusement & Theme Parks (NAICS 71311)
Hotels and Motels (NAICS 72111)
All Other Amusement and Recreation Industries (NAICS 71399)
Other Travel Arrangement Services (NAICS 56159)
Tour Operators (NAICS 56152)
Convention and Trade Show Organizers (NAICS 56192)
Tourism Charter Bus (NAICS 48551)
Luggage and Leather Goods Stores (NAICS 44832)
Other Machinery Rental and Leasing (NAICS 53249)
Fish and Seafood Merchant Wholesalers (NAICS 424460)
Other Ground Passenger Transportation (NAICS 485999)
Data Processing, Hosting and Related Services (NAICS 51821)
Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers (NAICS 7115)
Performing Arts Companies (NAICS 7111)
Full-service Restaurants (NAICS 72211)
Special Food Services (NAICS 7223)
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH2010
8. Cluster Industry Sectors
Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction (NAICS 237310)
Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing (NAICS 334119)
Other Electronic Component Manufacturing (NAICS 334419)
Search, Detection & Navigation Instruments (NAICS 334511)
Other Aircraft Parts & Equipment (NAICS 336413)
Ophthalmic Goods Manufacturing (NAICS 339115)
All Other Misc Manufacturing (NAICS 339999)
Modeling
Photographic Equip & Supplies Merchant Wholesalers (NAICS 42341009)
Simulation &
Training Computer & Software Merchant Wholesalers (NAICS 423430)
(includes both Electric Equip & Wiring Merchant Wholesalers (NAICS 423610)
developers and
Computer & Software Stores (NAICS 443120)
Technology users)
All Other Publishers (NAICS 511199)
Engineering Services (NAICS 541330)
Custom Computer Programming Services (NAICS 541511)
Human Resource Consulting Services (NAICS 541612)
Process & Logistics Consulting Services (NAICS 541614)
Other Management Consulting Services (NAICS 541618)
Other Technical Consulting Services (NAICS 541690)
Research & Development in Biotechnology (NAICS 541711)
Marketing Research & Public Opinion Polling (NAICS 541910)
All Other Professional & Technical Services (NAICS 541990)
Colleges & Universities (NAICS 611310)
Computer Training (NAICS 611420)
Management Training (NAICS 611430)
Offices of Physical, Occupational, Speech Therapists, and Audiologists (NAICS 621340)
Other Individual and Family Services (NAICS 624190)
Other Performing Arts Companies (NAICS 711190)
Civil and Social Organizations (NAICS 813410)
National Security (NAICS 928110)
Unclassified Establishments (NAICS 999999)
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010
9. References
Bloomberg News. Jobless Rate Up in 29 States, Hitting Records in 4 of Them. New York Times. Originally
published on November 21, 2009. Retrieved on February 8 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/21/
business/economy/21jobless.html?emc=eta1
Cave, Damien. After Century of Growth, Tide Turns in Florida. The New York Times. Originally published on
August 30, 2009. Retrieved on February 8, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/30/
us/30florida.html?_r=1&emc=eta1
Collins Rudolf, John. Construction That Fueled Growth in the Sun Belt Slows. New York Times. Originally
Published on August 28, 2009. Retrieved on February 8, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/28/
business/economy/28growth.html?emc=eta1
Cortright, Joseph. (2006). Marking Sense of Clusters: Regional Competitiveness and Economic Development.
The Brookings Institution Metropolitan Policy Program [electronic version]
Davidson, Paul. Commercial Real Estate Gets Worse. USA Today. Originally published on August 17, 2009.
Retrieved on February 8, 2010 from http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2009-08-17-commercial-
real-estate_N.htm?csp=DailyBriefing&POE=click-refer
Ernierosa. Orange County Convetion Center picture. Retrieved from www. panoramio.com
Harrington, Jeff. Are we in a recovery? Yes and No. Saint Petersburg Times. Originally published on May 8,
2009. Retrieved on February 8, 2010 from http://www.tampabay.com/news/business/article999414.ece
Leonhardt, David. Broader Measure of U.S Unemployment Stands at 17.5%. New York Times. Originally
published on November 7, 2009. Retrieved on February 9, 2010 from http://
www.nytimes.com/2009/11/07/business/economy/07econ.html?emc=eta1
McLean, Mary L. and Voytek, Kenneth P. Understanding your Economy: Using Analysis to Guide Local Strategic
Planning. Planners Press: Chicago IL p.63
Uchitelle, Louis. Still on the Job, but at Half the Pay. New York Times. Originally published on October 14, 2009.
Retrieved on February 9, 2010 from http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/14/business/
economy/14income.html?emc=eta1
Wiseman, Paul. Smaller banks at risk if commercial real estate falters. USA Today. Originally published on
February 11, 2010. Retrieved on February 12 from http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/
banking/2010-02-11-banks11_ST_N.htm?csp=DailyBriefing&POE=click-refer
Orange County Growth Management Department Economic Research Initiative Series
Planning Division
Research & Intergovernmental Coordination Section
Post Office Box 1393 Introduction to the Economic Research Initiative
Orlando, FL 32802-1393
Nursery and Floriculture Production Sector
Telephone: 407.836.5600
Fax: 407.836.5862
E-Mail: planning@ocfl.net The High Technology Sector in Orange County
www.ocfl.net/planning
The Tourism Sector in Orange County
The Health Care Sector in Orange County
Summary of Major Project Findings and Conclusions
ECONOMIC OUTLOOK MARCH 2010